10-Q – 2025-10-29 – csgp-20250930.htm

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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
  FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025
OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF
THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ______ to ______
Commission file number 0-24531

CoStar Group, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware 52-2091509
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1201 Wilson Blvd
Arlington VA 22209

(Ad dress of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(202) 346-6500
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par value) CSGP Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes x  No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer
☐

Non-accelerated filer
☐
Smaller reporting company
☐

Emerging growth company
☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x
As of October 27, 2025 , there were 423,822,791 shar es of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Glossary of Terms
3

PART I   FINANCIAL INFORMATION  

Item 1.   Financial Statements
6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
6

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
7

    Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
8

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
9

    Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
11

    Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
12

Item 2.   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
46

Item 3.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
61

Item 4.   Controls and Procedures
62

PART II   OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.   Legal Proceedings
63

Item 1A.   Risk Factors
63

Item 2.   Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
65

Item 3.   Defaults Upon Senior Securities
65

Item 4.   Mine Safety Disclosures
65

Item 5.   Other Information
65

Item 6.   Exhibits
66

Signatures
67

2

Glossary of Terms
The following abbreviations or acronyms used in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “ Report ” ) are defined below:

Abbreviation or Acronym Definition
2024 Credit Agreement The credit agreement the Company entered into on May 24, 2024
2024 Form 10-K CoStar Group's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the SEC on February 19, 2025

A$
Australian dollars

AI Artificial Intelligence
AOMs Structured equity vehicles operating under Domain's Agent Ownership Model. The AOMs
function as strategic partnership tools that provide residential and commercial real estate agencies
an economic stake in Domain-affiliated entities, creating a mechanism to reward long-term
engagement and performance through profit-sharing rather than traditional commissions or
rebates.
ASC Accounting Standards Codification
Assumed Matterport Plans
The Matterport 2021 Incentive Award Plan and Matterport, Inc. Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan assumed by CoStar Group in connection with the Matterport Acquisition

ASU Accounting Standards Update
BizBuySell Network
BizBuySell.com and its network of business for-sale websites
Board of Directors The CoStar Group Board of Directors
CECL Current expected credit losses
CODM
Chief Operating Decision Maker
CoStar Group (also the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”)
The legal entity, CoStar Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, one or more of its consolidated subsidiaries or operating segments, or the entirety of CoStar Group, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries
CoStar Group Share A share of the common stock of the Company, par value $0.01 per share
CRI The legal entity CoStar Realty Information, Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary (and primary operating entity in the United States) of CoStar Group, Inc.

Domain
Domain Holdings Australia Limited
Domain Acquisition CoStar's acquisition of Domain completed on August 27, 2025, pursuant to the Scheme Implementation Deed

Domain Proposal
The Company’s non-binding indicative proposal to acquire 100% of the issued capital of Domain by way of scheme of arrangement for a cash consideration of A$4.43 per ordinary share of Domain

Domain SID
The Company's binding Scheme Implementation Deed to acquire 100% of the issued capital of Domain for a cash consideration of A$4.43 per ordinary share of Domain

Domain Transaction
The transactions entered into by the Company to acquire Domain pursuant to the Domain SID.

DSUs Deferred Stock Units
EBITDA Net income (loss) before interest income or expense, net; other income or expense, net; loss on debt extinguishment; income taxes; depreciation; and amortization

ESPP Employee Stock Purchase Plan
EURIBOR Euro Interbank Offered Rate
Exchange Act
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board

GAAP Generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S.
GILTI Global intangible low taxed income inclusion

3

Abbreviation or Acronym Definition
Homes.com The flagship brand of our North American residential products and a homes for-sale listings site, which manages workflow and marketing for residential real estate agents and brokers and allows homebuyers to view residential property listings, research communities, and connect with real estate agents and brokers

Land.com Network Our network of sites featuring rural lands for sale including Land.com, LandsofAmerica, LandAndFarm, and LandWatch
Matching RSUs Awards of matching restricted stock units awarded under the Company's Management Stock Purchase Plan
Matterport
The legal entity Matterport, LLC, formerly known as Matterport Inc., a Delaware corporation and provider of a technology platform that uses spatial data to transform physical buildings and spaces into dimensionally accurate, digital images

Matterport Acquisition
CoStar's acquisition of Matterport completed on February 28, 2025, pursuant to the Matterport Merger Agreement

Matterport Common Stock Matterport Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share
Matterport Merger Exchange Ratio
A ratio of 0.03552 which was determined by the Matterport Merger Agreement and was set on the collar floor as the volume-weighted average price at which the CoStar Group Shares traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market for the 20 consecutive Trading Days was below the Floor Price of a symmetrical collar of $77.42

Matterport Merger Agreement
On April 21, 2024, CoStar entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization with Matterport, Matrix Merger Sub I LLC, and Matrix Merger Sub II LLC.

MLSs Multiple listing services
MSPP Management Stock Purchase Plan
NCI Noncontrolling interest
OBBBA
H.R. 1 “A bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to Title II of H. Con. Res. 14,” commonly referred to as the One Big Beautiful Bill Act, signed into law on July 4, 2025
OnTheMarket
The legal entity OnTheMarket Limited, the operator of onthemarket.com, a U.K. residential property portal

ROU Right-of-use
SEC The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act
The Securities Act of 1933, as amended

Senior Notes 2.800% notes issued by CoStar Group, Inc. due July 15, 2030
SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SONIA Sterling Overnight Index Average
Stock Repurchase Program
The stock repurchase program the Board of Directors approved in February 2025 that authorizes the repurchase of up to $500 million CoStar Group Shares

STR The legal entity STR LLC, together with STR Global Ltd, is a global data and analytics company that specializes in benchmarking hotel performance and providing market insights to the industry

Ten-X The legal entity Ten-X Holding Company, Inc. and its directly and indirectly owned subsidiaries
Term SOFR The forward-looking SOFR term rates administered by CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited

TSR
Total shareholder return

U.K. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
U.S. The United States of America
VIE
Variable Interest Entity

Visual Lease
The legal entity Visual Lease, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and operator of Visual Lease, a SaaS platform for integrated lease management and lease accounting

4

Abbreviation or Acronym Definition
Visual Lease Acquisition
CoStar's acquisition of all of the outstanding equity interest in Visual Lease completed on November 1, 2024, pursuant to the Visual Lease Merger Agreement

Visual Lease Merger Agreement
The Agreement and Plan of Merger dated as of October 18, 2024, between CRI; Neptune Merger Sub; Visual Lease, LLC; and Shareholder Representative Services LLC as the Holder Representative, pursuant to which, among other things, and subject to its terms, Neptune Merger Sub merged with and into Visual Lease with Visual Lease surviving the merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of CRI

5

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in millions, except per share data)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenues $ 833.6   $ 692.6   $ 2,347.1   $ 2,026.8  
Cost of revenues 172.2   140.6   493.3   417.6  
Gross profit 661.4   552.0   1,853.8   1,609.2  

Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization) 418.3   331.2   1,182.1   1,055.7  
Software development 105.4   81.0   297.0   243.0  
General and administrative 157.0   105.8   420.3   314.3  
Customer base amortization 31.8   10.3   75.5   31.5  
  712.5   528.3   1,974.9   1,644.5  
Income (loss) from operations ( 51.1 ) 23.7   ( 121.1 ) ( 35.3 )
Interest income, net 26.0   55.6   97.0   165.3  
Other expense, net ( 20.7 ) ( 1.6 ) ( 6.8 ) ( 4.9 )
Income (loss) before income taxes ( 45.8 ) 77.7   ( 30.9 ) 125.1  
Income tax expense (benefit) ( 14.9 ) 24.7   8.6   46.2  
Net income (loss) $ ( 30.9 ) $ 53.0   $ ( 39.5 ) $ 78.9  

Net income (loss) per share - basic
$ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.13   $ ( 0.09 ) $ 0.19  
Net income (loss) per share - diluted
$ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.13   $ ( 0.09 ) $ 0.19  

Weighted-average outstanding shares - basic
419.9   406.8   416.7   406.2  
Weighted-average outstanding shares - diluted
419.9   408.0   416.7   407.6  

See accompanying notes.
6

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Net income (loss) $ ( 30.9 ) $ 53.0   $ ( 39.5 ) $ 78.9  
Other comprehensive income, net of tax
Foreign currency translation adjustment 36.8   18.0   82.5   13.5  
Total other comprehensive income 36.8   18.0   82.5   13.5  
Total comprehensive income $ 5.9   $ 71.0   $ 43.0   $ 92.4  

See accompanying notes.
7

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CON DENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
ASSETS  
Current assets:    
Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,935.3   $ 4,681.0  
Restricted cash 99.5   —  

Accounts receivable 273.7   210.7  
Less: Allowance for credit losses ( 29.9 ) ( 22.8 )
Accounts receivable, net 243.8   187.9  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets 126.5   81.3  
Total current assets 2,405.1   4,950.2  

Deferred income taxes, net 65.9   30.6  
Property and equipment, net 1,269.6   1,014.9  
Lease right-of-use assets 111.3   103.0  
Goodwill 4,915.4   2,527.6  
Intangible assets, net 1,844.4   433.2  
Deferred commission costs, net 178.0   169.6  
Deposits and other assets 30.2   27.7  
Total assets $ 10,819.9   $ 9,256.8  
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY    
Current liabilities:    

Accounts payable $ 46.5   $ 47.0  
Accrued wages and commissions 145.2   133.3  
Accrued expenses 217.0   163.7  
Litigation accrual 98.8   —  
Income taxes payable 9.5   23.2  
Lease liabilities 28.4   32.0  
Deferred revenue 201.6   137.1  
Other current liabilities 23.5   16.0  
Total current liabilities 770.5   552.3  

Long-term debt, net 992.9   991.9  
Deferred income taxes, net 248.6   7.6  
Income taxes payable 27.3   25.0  
Lease and other long-term liabilities 156.7   126.5  
Total liabilities 2,196.0   1,703.3  
Stockholders' equity attributable to CoStar Group 8,615.8   7,553.5  
Equity attributable to NCI 8.1   —  
Total equity 8,623.9   7,553.5  
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $ 10,819.9   $ 9,256.8  
See accompanying notes.

8

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Treasury Stock Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained Earnings Stockholders’ Equity Attributable to CoStar Group Equity Attributable to
NCI Total Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2024 409.5   $ 4.1   $ 5,231.9   $ —   $ ( 25.5 ) $ 2,343.0   $ 7,553.5   $ —   $ 7,553.5  
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  ( 14.8 ) ( 14.8 ) —  ( 14.8 )
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  8.8   —  8.8   —  8.8  
Exercise of stock options 0.1   —  0.9   —  —  —  0.9   —  0.9  
Restricted stock grants 2.3   —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.3 ) —  ( 33.4 ) —  —  —  ( 33.4 ) —  ( 33.4 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  6.3   —  —  —  6.3   —  6.3  
Management stock purchase plan —  —  ( 1.3 ) —  —  —  ( 1.3 ) —  ( 1.3 )
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  29.7   —  —  —  29.7   —  29.7  
Stock repurchases under stock repurchase programs ( 0.2 million shares)
—  —  —  ( 18.5 ) —  —  ( 18.5 ) —  ( 18.5 )
Common stock issued for Matterport Acquisition 11.7   0.1   1,024.9   —  —  —  1,025.0   —  1,025.0  
Balance at March 31, 2025
423.4   4.2   6,259.0   ( 18.5 ) ( 16.7 ) 2,328.2   8,556.2   —   8,556.2  
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  6.2   6.2   —  6.2  
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  36.9   —  36.9   —  36.9  
Exercise of stock options 0.4   —  3.7   —  —  —  3.7   —  3.7  
Restricted stock grants 0.3   —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.1 ) —  ( 11.9 ) —  —  —  ( 11.9 ) —  ( 11.9 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  4.5   —  —  —  4.5   —  4.5  
Management stock purchase plan —  —  ( 0.4 ) —  —  —  ( 0.4 ) —  ( 0.4 )
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  51.5   —  —  —  51.5   —  51.5  
Stock repurchases under stock repurchase programs ( 0.6 million shares)
—  —  —  ( 45.3 ) —  —  ( 45.3 ) —  ( 45.3 )
Balance at June 30, 2025
424.1   4.2   6,306.4   ( 63.8 ) 20.2   2,334.4   8,601.4   —   8,601.4  
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  —  ( 30.9 ) ( 30.9 ) —  ( 30.9 )
Domain acquisition —  —  —  —  —  —  —  7.8   7.8  
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  —  36.8   —  36.8   —  36.8  
Change in NCI
—  —  —  —  —  —  —  0.3   0.3  
Exercise of stock options 0.2   —  1.4   —  —  —  1.4   —  1.4  
Restricted stock grants 0.6   —  —  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.1 ) —  ( 17.0 ) —  —  —  ( 17.0 ) —  ( 17.0 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  5.1   —  —  —  5.1   —  5.1  
Management stock purchase plan —  —  ( 0.1 ) —  —  —  ( 0.1 ) —  ( 0.1 )
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  70.3   —  —  —  70.3   —  70.3  
Stock repurchases under stock repurchase programs ( 0.6 million shares)
—  —  —  ( 51.2 ) —  —  ( 51.2 ) —  ( 51.2 )
Balance at September 30, 2025
424.9   $ 4.2   $ 6,366.1   $ ( 115.0 ) $ 57.0   $ 2,303.5   $ 8,615.8   $ 8.1   $ 8,623.9  

See accompanying notes.
9

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Common Stock Additional Paid-In Capital Accumulated Other
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Retained
Earnings Total Stockholders' Equity
Shares Amount
Balance at December 31, 2023
408.1   $ 4.1   $ 5,147.8   $ ( 17.6 ) $ 2,204.3   $ 7,338.6  
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  6.7   6.7  
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  ( 4.3 ) —  ( 4.3 )

Restricted stock grants 1.4   —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.4 ) —  ( 24.5 ) —  —  ( 24.5 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  5.2   —  —  5.2  
Management stock purchase plan —  —  ( 1.5 ) —  —  ( 1.5 )
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  22.4   —  —  22.4  
Balance at March 31, 2024
409.2   4.1   5,149.4   ( 21.9 ) 2,211.0   7,342.6  
Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  19.2   19.2  
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  ( 0.2 ) —  ( 0.2 )
Exercise of stock options 0.1   —  7.1   —  —  7.1  
Restricted stock grants 0.1   —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.2 ) —  ( 0.7 ) —  —  ( 0.7 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  6.0   —  —  6.0  
Management stock purchase plan —  —  ( 0.2 ) —  —  ( 0.2 )
Stock-based compensation expense —  —  21.9   —  —  21.9  
Balance at June 30, 2024
409.3   4.1   5,183.5   ( 22.1 ) 2,230.2   7,395.7  
 Net income (loss) —  —  —  —  53.0   53.0  
Other comprehensive income (loss) —  —  —  18.0   —  18.0  

Restricted stock grants 0.2   —  —  —  —  — 
Restricted stock grants surrendered ( 0.1 ) —  ( 1.9 ) —  —  ( 1.9 )
Employee stock purchase plan 0.1   —  5.0   —  —  5.0  

Stock-based compensation expense —  —  21.3   —  —  21.3  
Balance at September 30, 2024
409.5   $ 4.1   $ 5,207.9   $ ( 4.1 ) $ 2,283.2   $ 7,491.1  

See accompanying notes.
10

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in millions)
(unaudited)

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024
Operating activities:    
Net income (loss) $ ( 39.5 ) $ 78.9  
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities:    
Depreciation and amortization 182.0   107.6  
Amortization of deferred commissions costs 110.4   86.1  

Non-cash lease expense 22.3   25.1  
Stock-based compensation expense 153.0   67.3  
Deferred income taxes, net 5.4   ( 15.4 )
Credit loss expense 25.9   25.8  

Other operating activities, net ( 5.9 ) 1.7  
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions:    
Accounts receivable ( 32.3 ) ( 13.7 )
Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets ( 19.2 ) ( 8.2 )
Deferred commissions ( 117.2 ) ( 91.7 )
Accounts payable and other liabilities 10.9   57.9  
Lease liabilities ( 23.8 ) ( 29.9 )
Income taxes payable, net ( 21.2 ) ( 1.7 )
Deferred revenue 17.1   8.2  

Net cash provided by operating activities 267.9   298.0  

Investing activities:    
Proceeds from sale and settlement of investments 203.4   —  
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment, and other assets 1.3   1.4  
Purchases of property, equipment, and other assets for new campuses ( 246.2 ) ( 509.6 )
Purchases of property, equipment, and other assets ( 76.3 ) ( 49.5 )
Purchases of equity securities ( 284.8 ) —  
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired ( 2,347.2 ) ( 5.1 )
Net cash used in investing activities ( 2,749.8 ) ( 562.8 )

Financing activities:    

Payments of debt issuance costs —   ( 3.4 )

Repurchase of restricted stock to satisfy tax withholding obligations ( 64.2 ) ( 28.7 )
Stock repurchase ( 115.0 ) —  

Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan 20.4   21.7  
Principal repayments of financing lease obligations ( 3.3 ) ( 3.4 )

Net cash used in financing activities ( 162.1 ) ( 13.8 )

Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash ( 2.2 ) 0.3  
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
( 2,646.2 ) ( 278.3 )
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the beginning of period 4,681.0   5,215.9  
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at the end of period $ 2,034.8   $ 4,937.6  

Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Interest paid $ 29.5   $ 29.8  
Income taxes paid $ 56.4   $ 63.4  

Supplemental non-cash investing and financing activities:
Accrued capital expenditures and non-cash landlord incentives $ 80.5   $ 47.8  

See accompanying notes.
11

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

1.     ORGANIZATION
CoStar Group is a leading global provider of real estate information, analytics, online marketplaces, and 3D digital twin technology. The Company has created and compiled a standardized platform of real estate information and analytics and online marketplaces where industry professionals, consumers of real estate, and the related business communities can continuously interact and facilitate transactions by efficiently accessing and exchanging accurate and standardized real estate-related information. The Company's service offerings span all property types, including office, residential, retail, industrial, multifamily, land, mixed-use, and hospitality. The Company's services are typically distributed to its customers under subscription-based agreements that generally renew automatically and have a minimum term of one year . The Company operates within two operating segments, North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Asia-Pacific, Europe, and Latin America.
The Company completed the Visual Lease Acquisition, Matterport Acquisition, and Domain Acquisition in November 2024, February 2025, and August 2025, respectively. See Note 5 for further discussion of these acquisitions.

2.     SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Accounting policies are consistent for each operating segment.

Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated financial statements include CoStar Group, Inc. and all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. To determine whether such an interest exists, we assess whether the entity qualifies as a VIE.
We consolidate VIEs when we are the primary beneficiary. We are deemed the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have both (a) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact its economic performance, and (b) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE.
In determining whether we are the primary beneficiary, we consider various factors regarding the nature of our involvement with the VIE, including our economic interests, voting rights, authority to appoint or remove directors, and ability to authorize key decisions. We also analyze the VIE’s design, including its capital structure, cash flows, and classes of shares.
As part of the Domain Acquisition, the Company obtained ownership interests in the AOMs, which are considered VIEs for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Domain introduced the AOMs to incentivize real estate agencies to utilize Domain's services through a revenue sharing model. The assets of these VIEs are not available to us, and the creditors of the VIEs do not have recourse to CoStar. Domain provides corporate services to the VIEs under services agreements. In addition, Domain has issued letters of support to the VIEs, committing to provide financial support in the event that the VIEs are unable to meet their liabilities independently.
See Note 5 for additional details regarding the Domain acquisition.

Interim Financial Statements
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the financial statements reflect all adjustments, consisting only of a normal recurring nature, necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position at September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the results of its operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, its comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, its changes in stockholders' equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, and its cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
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Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented in this Report. Therefore, these financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and assumptions, including those related to revenue recognition, allowance for credit losses, the useful lives and recoverability of long-lived and intangible assets, goodwill impairment assessment, income taxes, accounting for business combinations, stock-based compensation, estimating the Company's incremental borrowing rate for its leases, the estimate of net realizable value of inventory, the determination of stand-alone selling prices of various performance obligations, and contingencies, among others. The Company bases these estimates on historical and anticipated results, trends, and various other assumptions that it believes are reasonable, including assumptions as to future events. These estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and recorded revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition
The Company derives revenues primarily by (i) providing access to its proprietary database of commercial real estate information, including benchmarking and analytics for the hospitality industry and analytics for lenders, and (ii) providing online marketplaces for professional property management companies, property owners, real estate agents and brokers, and landlords, in each case, typically through a fixed monthly fee for its subscription-based advertising services. Other subscription-based services include (i) real estate and lease management solutions to commercial customers and real estate investors, (ii) access to applications to manage workflow for residential real estate agents, and (iii) access to its AI-powered spatial data platform to create high-fidelity and high-accuracy digital twins of physical spaces.
Subscription contract rates are generally based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the customer’s business focus, geography, the number of properties reported on or analyzed, the number and types of services to which a customer subscribes, the number of properties a customer advertises, the number of digital twins hosted, the number of transactions and average transaction size a broker or agent has closed, and the prominence and placement of a customer's advertised properties in the search results. The Company’s subscription-based license, advertising packages, and membership agreements generally renew automatically, and a majority have a term of at least one year . Revenues from subscription-based contracts were approximately 92 % and 96 % of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and approximately 94 % and 96 % of total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
The Company also derives revenues from transaction-based services including: (i) providing premium listings for individual properties on our marketplaces, (ii) providing data capture services to create digital twins, (iii) the sale of Matterport cameras and capture equipment, (iv) an online auction platform for commercial real estate through Ten-X, and (v) ancillary products and services that are sold on an ad hoc basis.
The Company analyzes contracts to determine the appropriate revenue recognition using the following steps: (i) identification of contracts with customers, (ii) identification of distinct performance obligations in the contract, (iii) determination of contract transaction price, (iv) allocation of contract transaction price to the performance obligations, and (v) determination of revenue recognition based on timing of satisfaction of the performance obligations.
The Company recognizes revenues upon the satisfaction of its performance obligation(s) (upon transfer of control of promised services to its customers) in an amount that reflects the consideration to which it expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Revenues from subscription-based services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement. Revenues from premium listings sold on a transactional basis are recognized over the period the advertisements are placed. Revenues from all other transaction-based services are recognized when the promised product or services are delivered, which, in the case of Ten-X auctions, is at the time of a successful closing for the sale of a property. Revenues from product sales are recognized upon control transferring to the customers, which is generally upon shipment. Revenue for sales of Matterport cameras are recorded net of estimates of returns, as buyers are entitled to return the camera within 30 days from the date of purchase for a full refund. These rights are accounted for as variable consideration and recognized as a reduction to the revenue recognized.
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In limited circumstances, the Company's contracts with customers include promises to transfer multiple services, such as contracts for its subscription-based services and professional services or product sales, digital twin capture services, and subscription-based hosting service. For these contracts, the Company accounts for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct, which involves the determination of the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation.
Deferred revenue results from amounts billed in advance to customers or cash received from customers in advance of the Company's fulfillment of its performance obligation(s) and is recognized as those obligations are satisfied.
Contract assets represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that become a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing.
Certain sales commissions are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions incurred for obtaining new contracts are deferred and then amortized as selling and marketing expenses (excluding customer base amortization) over the period of benefit that the Company has determined to be two years for our residential products and three years for all other products. The amortization periods were determined based on several factors, including the nature of the technology and proprietary data underlying the services being purchased, customer contract renewal rates and industry competition. Sales commissions that do not represent incremental costs of obtaining a contract, or that would otherwise be amortized over a period of one year or less, are not subject to capitalization.
See Note 3 for further discussion of the Company's revenue recognition.

Cost of Revenues
Cost of revenues principally consists of salaries, benefits, bonuses, stock-based compensation expenses, and other indirect costs for the Company's researchers who collect and analyze the real estate data that is the basis for the Company's information, analytic, and online marketplace services and for employees that support these products. Additionally, cost of revenues includes amortization of acquired trade names, technology, and certain other intangible assets; product hosting costs; credit card and other transaction fees relating to processing customer transactions; cost of data from third-party data sources; costs of capture services; and costs of Matterport cameras sold .

Foreign Currency Translation
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency for the majority of its operations is the local currency, with the exception of certain international locations for which the functional currency is the British Pound or U.S. dollar. Assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date. Gains and losses resulting from translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Currency g ains and losses on the translation of intercompany loans made to foreign subsidiaries that are of a long-term investment nature are also included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Gains and losses resulting from transactions denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity are included in other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations using the average exchange rates in effect during the period. The Company recognized a net foreign currency loss of $ 0.1  million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and a net foreign currency loss of $ 0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2024. The Company recognized a net foreign currency loss of $ 5.4  million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and a net foreign currency loss of $ 0.3  million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) were as follows (in millions):

September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
Foreign currency translation income (loss)
$ 57.0   $ ( 25.5 )
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
$ 57.0   $ ( 25.5 )

There were no amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss to the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes result from temporary differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and the basis reported in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax liabilities and assets are determined based on the difference between the financial statement and the tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted rates in effect during the year in which the Company expects differences to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided against assets, including net operating losses, if the Company determines it is more likely than not that some portion or all of an asset may not be realized. Interest and penalties related to income tax matters are recognized in income tax expense (benefit).
The Company has elected to record the GILTI under the current-period cost method.
On July 4, 2025, the U.S. enacted the OBBBA, which may impact the Company's recorded deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, as well as its effective tax rate in future periods. The Company continues to evaluate the effects of the new legislation on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. As a result of the enactment of the OBBBA, we anticipate an impact to our deferred tax asset and income tax payable related to the provisions for full expensing of domestic research and experimental expenditures and 100% bonus depreciation for assets placed in service after January 19, 2025. The Company does not expect any material change to our ongoing tax rate as a result of this legislation.

See Note 11 for further discussion of the Company's accounting for income taxes.

Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period on a basic and diluted basis.
15

The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share (in millions, except per share data):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,

Numerator: 2025 2024 2025 2024

Net income (loss)
$ ( 30.9 ) $ 53.0   $ ( 39.5 ) $ 78.9  
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income (loss) per share — weighted-average outstanding shares
419.9   406.8   416.7   406.2  
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units
—   1.2   —   1.4  
Denominator for diluted net income (loss) per share — weighted-average outstanding shares
419.9   408.0   416.7   407.6  
 
Net income (loss) per share — basic
$ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.13   $ ( 0.09 ) $ 0.19  
Net income (loss) per share — diluted
$ ( 0.07 ) $ 0.13   $ ( 0.09 ) $ 0.19  

The Company’s potentially dilutive securities include outstanding stock options and unvested stock-based awards, which include restricted stock awards that vest over a specific service period, restricted stock awards with a performance condition, restricted stock awards with a performance condition and a market condition, restricted stock units, and Matching RSUs awarded under the MSPP. Shares underlying unvested restricted stock awards that vest based on a performance condition and those that vest based on a performance and market condition that have not been achieved as of the end of the period are not included in the computation of basic or diluted earnings per share. Diluted net income (loss) per share considers the impact of potentially dilutive securities except when the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would have an anti-dilutive effect.
The following table summarizes the shares underlying the unvested performance-based restricted stock and anti-dilutive securities excluded from the basic and diluted earnings per share calculations (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Performance-based restricted stock awards 1.4   0.7   1.4   0.7  
Anti-dilutive securities 0.8   0.7   1.8   0.9  

Stock-Based Compensation
Equity instruments issued in exchange for services performed by officers, employees, and directors of the Company are accounted for using a fair value-based method and the fair value of such equity instruments is recognized as expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
For stock-based awards that vest over a specific service period, compensation expense is measured based on the fair value of the awards at the grant date and is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period of the awards, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. For equity instruments that vest based on achievement of a performance condition or both a performance and a market condition, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the service period of the awards based on the expected achievement of the related performance conditions at the end of each reporting period. If the Company's initial estimates of the achievement of the performance conditions change, the related stock-based compensation expense may fluctuate from period to period based on those estimates. If the performance conditions are not met, no stock-based compensation expense will be recognized and any previously recognized stock-based compensation expense will be reversed. For awards with both a performance and a market condition, the Company estimates the fair value of each equity instrument granted on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation model. This pricing model uses multiple simulations to evaluate
16

the probability of achieving the market condition to calculate the fair value of the awards, which includes the recent market price and volatility of the Company's shares. When determining the grant date fair value of all stock-based awards, the Company considers whether it is in possession of any material, non-public information that upon its release would have a material effect on its share price, and if so, whether the observable share price or expected volatility assumptions used in determining the fair value of the awards should be adjusted.
Stock-based compensation expense for stock options, restricted stock awards, and restricted stock units issued under equity incentive plans, stock purchases under the ESPP, and DSUs and Matching RSUs awarded under the MSPP included in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Cost of revenues $ 5.9   $ 3.6   $ 15.6   $ 10.9  
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization) 13.0   2.9   26.6   8.4  
Software development 14.3   5.3   34.2   16.3  
General and administrative 37.6   10.0   76.6   31.7  
Total stock-based compensation expense $ 70.8   $ 21.8   $ 153.0   $ 67.3  

Loss Contingencies and Litigation Expense
The Company is subject to the possibility of losses from various contingencies, including certain legal proceedings. Significant judgment is necessary to estimate the probability and amount of a loss, if any, from such contingencies. An accrual is made when it is probable that a liability has been incurred or an asset has been impaired, and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. In accounting for the resolution of contingencies, significant judgment may be necessary to estimate amounts pertaining to periods prior to the resolution that are charged to operations in the period of resolution and amounts related to future periods. If only a range of estimated losses can be determined, the Company records an amount within the range that, in its judgment, reflects the most likely outcome; if none of the estimates within that range are a better estimate than any other amount, the Company records the low end of the range. Any such accrual would be charged to expense in the appropriate period.

Deal-Contingent Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
On May 9, 2025, the Company entered into deal-contingent foreign currency forward contracts to manage the risk of appreciation of the Australian dollar-denominated purchase price related to the Domain Transaction. Deal-contingent foreign currency forward contracts had an aggregate notional amount of A$ 2.4  billion ($ 1.5  billion). These derivative instruments were entered into as economic hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting. The contracts were settled on August 22, 2025. The Company recognized losses of $ 23.4 million and $ 10.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 , respectively, related to these contracts. The losses were recorded in other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
See Note 5 for further discussion regarding the Company's acquisitions.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Restricted cash consists of cash deposited as collateral related to a litigation bond in a third-party insured account. See Note 12 for further discussion regarding the Company's litigation.
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the condensed consolidated balance sheets and condensed consolidated statements of cash flows as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):
17

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents
$ 1,935.3   $ 4,681.0  
Restricted cash
99.5   —  
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
$ 2,034.8   $ 4,681.0  

Allowance for Credit Losses
The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to cover its current expected credit losses on its trade receivables and contract assets arising from the failure of customers to make contractual payments. The Company estimates credit losses expected over the life of its trade receivables and contract assets based on historical information combined with current conditions that may affect a customer’s ability to pay and reasonable and supportable forecasts. While the Company uses various credit quality metrics, it primarily monitors collectability by reviewing the duration of collection pursuits on its delinquent trade receivables and historical write-off trends. Based on the Company’s experience, the customer's delinquency status, which is analyzed periodically, is the strongest indicator of the credit quality of the underlying trade receivables. The Company’s policy is to write off trade receivables when they are deemed uncollectible.
Under the CECL impairment model, the Company develops and documents its allowance for credit losses on its trade rece ivables based on five portfolio segments. The determination of portfolio segments is based primarily on the qualitative consideration of the nature of the Company’s business operations and the characteristics of the underlying trade receivables, as follows:
• CoStar Portfolio Segment - The CoStar portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables based on geographical location: North America and International.
• Information Services Portfolio Segment - The Information Services portfolio segment consists of four classes of trade receivables: CoStar Real Estate Manager; Hospitality, North America; Hospitality, International, and other Information Services.
• Multifamily Portfolio Segment - The Multifamily portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.
• LoopNet Portfolio Segment - The LoopNet portfolio segment consists of one class of trade receivables.
• Other Revenues Portfolio Segment - The Other Revenues portfolio segment consists of two classes of trade receivables: Matterport, and other marketplaces.
The majority of Residential revenue in the North America segment is e-commerce based and does not result in accounts receivable. The International segment's Residential revenue results in accounts receivable and its allowance for credit losses is not material.
See Note 4 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for allowance for c redit losses.

Inventories
Inventories consist primarily of finished goods, assemblies, and raw materials. Assemblies are generally purchased from contract manufacturers. Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using standard cost, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. The Company assesses the valuation of inventory and periodically adjusts the value for estimated excess and obsolete inventory based upon estimates of future demand and market conditions, as well as damaged or otherwise impaired goods. Inventories are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Inventories related to the Matterport Acquisition as of September 30, 2025 consisted of the following (in millions):
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September 30, 2025
Finished goods $ 3.4  
Work in process 0.2  
Purchased parts and raw materials 2.7  
Total inventories $ 6.3  

Leases
The determination of whether an arrangement contains a lease and the classification of a lease, if applicable, is made at the commencement of the arrangement, at which time the Company also measures and recognizes a ROU asset, representing the Company’s right to use the underlying asset, and a lease liability, representing the Company’s obligation to make lease payments under the terms of the arrangement. For the purposes of recognizing ROU assets and lease liabilities associated with the Company’s leases, the Company has elected the practical expedient to not recognize a ROU asset or lease liability for short-term leases, which are leases with a term of 12 months or less. The lease term is defined as the noncancellable portion of the lease term, plus any periods covered by an option to extend the lease if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised.
In determining the amount of lease payments used in measuring ROU assets and lease liabilities, the Company has elected the practical expedient not to separate non-lease components from lease components for all classes of underlying assets. Consideration deemed part of the lease payments used to measure ROU assets and lease liabilities generally includes fixed payments and variable payments based on either an index or a rate, offset by lease incentives. Upon commencement, the initial ROU asset also includes any lease prepayments. ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The rates implicit within the Company's leases are generally not determinable. Therefore, the Company's incremental borrowing rate is used to determine the present value of lease payments. The determination of the Company’s incremental borrowing rate requires judgment and is determined at lease commencement and is subsequently reassessed upon a modification to the lease arrangement.
Lease costs related to the Company's operating leases are generally recognized as a single ratable lease cost over the lease term.
See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company’s accounting for leases.

Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets, and Goodwill
Long-lived assets, such as property and equipment and purchased intangibles subject to amortization, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. The Company capitalizes interest on borrowings during the active construction period of major capital projects. Capitalized interest is added to the cost of the underlying asset and amortized over the estimated useful life of the asset. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or asset group. If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset.
Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually, on October 1, or more frequently if an event or other circumstance indicates that the fair value of a reporting unit may be below its carrying amount. The Company may first assess qualitative factors to evaluate whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount or elect to bypass the qualitative assessment. If it is determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, or the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, the Company then performs a quantitative assessment by determining the fair value of each reporting unit. The estimate of the fair value of each reporting unit is based on a projected discounted cash flow model that includes significant assumptions and estimates, including the discount rate, growth rate, and future financial performance. Assumptions about the discount rate are based on a weighted-average cost of capital for comparable companies. Assumptions about the growth rate and future financial performance of a reporting unit are based on the Company’s forecasts, business plans, economic projections, and anticipated future cash flows. The fair value of each reporting unit is compared to the carrying amount of the reporting unit. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds the fair value, then an impairment loss is recognized for the difference.
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Leasing Operations and Other Expense, Net
In February 2024, the Company closed on the purchase of an office tower and the land on which it rests in Arlington, Virginia. In January 2025, the Company relocated its headquarters from Washington, D.C. to Arlington, VA, initially occupying approximately 30 % of the building. The Company intends to build out further space in this building to support anticipated growth and expansion of its operations in the coming years. Maintenance, physical facilities, leasing, property management, and other key responsibilities related to property ownership are outsourced to professional real-estate managers. The office tower measures approximately 550,000 rentable square feet.
The Company accounted for the purchase of this building as an asset acquisition at the cost to acquire, including transaction costs. The Company estimated the fair values of acquired tangible assets (consisting of land, buildings, improvements, and other assets), identified intangible assets and liabilities (consisting of in-place leases and above- and below-market leases), and other liabilities based on its evaluation of information and estimates available at the date of acquisition. Based on these estimates, the Company allocated the total cost to the identified assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their relative fair value.
The fair value of the building and building improvements consists of the physical structure containing rentable area, as well as amenities such as parking structures, and was valued as if vacant, using the cost approach, which uses replacement cost data obtained from industry recognized guides less depreciation as an input to estimate the fair value, with consideration given to its age, functionality, use classification, construction quality, replacement cost, and accumulated depreciation (effective age vs. economic life). The Company also considered the value of the building using an income approach. The income approach uses market leasing assumptions to estimate the fair value of the property as if vacant, assuming lease-up at prevailing market rental rates over a market-based lease-up period, including deductions for lost rent during lease-up and leasing costs. The cost and income approaches are reconciled to arrive at an estimated building fair value. The Company assessed the fair value of land based on market comparisons.
The fair values of identified intangible assets and liabilities were determined based on the following:
• The value allocable to the above- or below-market component of an acquired in-place lease is determined based upon the present value (using a discount rate that reflects the risks associated with the acquired lease) of the difference between: (i) the contractual amounts to be received pursuant to the lease over its remaining term and (ii) management's estimate of the amounts that would be received using market rates current at the time of the acquisition for the remaining term of the lease. Amounts allocated to above-market leases are recorded as above-market leases in intangible assets, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. These intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of leasing operations to other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the remaining terms of the respective leases.
• Factors considered in determining the value allocable to in-place leases during hypothetical lease-up periods related to space that is leased at the time of acquisition include: (i) lost rent and operating cost recoveries during the hypothetical lease-up period and (ii) theoretical leasing commissions required to execute similar leases. These intangible assets are recorded as in-place leases in intangible assets, net in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and are amortized to other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations over the remaining terms of the existing leases.
The total cost of the land and building was $ 343.0  million and was allocated to the following components (in millions):

Component Balance Sheet Caption Amount
Land Property and equipment, net $ 17.2  
Building Property and equipment, net 224.5  
Land and building improvements Property and equipment, net 27.5  
Above-market leases Intangible assets, net 41.7  
In-place leases Intangible assets, net 32.1  
$ 343.0  

20

The cash paid for this asset acquisition was included in the caption purchases of property, equipment, and other assets for new campuses in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. The Company records the activity from this building's operations and leases, including building depreciation and operating expenses for space occupied by third parties, as other expense, net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
In October 2024, the Company and a building tenant modified a lease agreement to reduce the leased space and extend the lease term of a portion of the remaining space. Among other provisions, the modified lease agreement requires the tenant to make a $ 48  million buyout payment, in two equal installments, which will be recognized prospectively over the modified lease term. The Company received the first installment of the buyout payment in the fourth quarter of 2024. The second installment of the buyout payment was received in the second quarter of 2025. The tenant surrendered certain space concurrently with the execution of the modified lease agreement and the Company began to outfit this space to host its employees.
Deferred lease income as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):

Balance Balance Sheet Caption September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
Current portion Other current liabilities
$ 5.9   $ 4.5  
Non-current portion Lease and other long-term liabilities
36.7   18.5  
Total deferred lease income $ 42.6   $ 23.0  

Lease income includes base rent each tenant pays in accordance with the terms of its respective lease and is reported on a straight-line basis over the non-cancellable term of the lease, which includes the effects of periodic step-ups in rent and rent abatements under the lease. When a renewal option is included within the lease, the Company assesses whether the option is reasonably certain of being exercised against relevant economic factors to determine whether the option period should be included as part of the lease term. Further, lease income includes tenant reimbursement amounts for the recovery of the operating expenses and real estate taxes. Tenant reimbursements, which vary each period, are non-lease components that are not the predominant activity within the contract. The Company has elected the practical expedient that allows it to combine certain lease and non-lease components of operating leases. Non-lease components are recognized together with fixed base rent in “lease income,” as variable lease income in the same period as the related expenses are in curred. Variable lease income was not material for the three months ended September 30, 2025. Components of other expense, net related to leasing operations for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Lease income (1)
$ 4.3   $ 6.6   $ 13.3   $ 16.4  
Less:

Property operating expenses 1.6   2.5   4.4   6.7  
Depreciation and amortization expense 2.7   5.4   14.2   14.3  
Other expense from leasing operations
$ —   $ ( 1.3 ) $ ( 5.3 ) $ ( 4.6 )
__________________________
(1) Includes $ 1.0 million and $ 2.9 million of amortization expense of above-market leases for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 3.0 million and $ 7.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Building depreciation and operating expenses for space occupied by the Company are allocated between cost of revenues, selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization), software development, and general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statement of operations based on the headcount of the respective departments occupying the building. As of September 30, 2025, the Company occupied approximately 50 % of the property with the remainder leased or available to be leased to third parties.

Debt Issuance Costs
Costs incurred in connection with the issuance of long-term debt are deferred and amortized as interest expense over the term of the related debt using the effective interest method for term debt and on a straight-line basis for revolving debt. The Company made a policy election to classify deferred issuance costs on the revolving credit facility as a long-term asset on its
21

condensed consolidated balance sheets. Upon a refinancing or amendment, previously capitalized debt issuance costs are expensed and included in loss on extinguishment of debt if the Company determines that there has been a substantial modification of the related debt. If the Company determines that there has not been a substantial modification of the related debt, any previously capitalized debt issuance costs are amortized as interest expense over the term of the new debt instrument.
See Note 10 for further discussion of the Company's accounting for its outstanding debt, revolving credit facility, and related issuance costs.

Business Combinations
The Company includes the results of operations of the businesses that it acquires from the date of acquisition. The Company generally allocates the purchase consideration to the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed and intangible assets acquired based on their estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. The purchase price is generally determined based on the fair value of the assets transferred, liabilities assumed, and equity interests issued, after considering any transactions that are separate from the business combination. The excess of the fair value of purchase consideration, the amount of any NCI in the acquiree and the fair value of any previous equity interest in the acquiree over the fair values of these identifiable assets and liabilities is recorded as goodwill. In a business combination achieved in stages, the Company shall remeasure its previously held equity interest in the acquiree at its acquisition-date fair value and recognize the resulting gain or loss, if any, in results of operations. The Company applies significant assumptions, estimates, and judgments in determining the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on the acquisition date, especially with respect to intangible assets and contingent liabilities. Significant estimates in valuing certain intangible assets include, but are not limited to, future expected cash flows from acquired customer bases, acquired technology, acquired trade names, useful lives, royalty rates, and discount rates. Estimates of fair value are based on assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Any adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period, not to exceed one year from the date of acquisition, are recorded in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. Upon the conclusion of the measurement period, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to earnings.
The Company has elected the practical expedient provided under ASC 805, Business Combinations , which allows for contract assets and liabilities acquired or assumed in an acquisition to be measured in accordance with the accounting framework for revenue from contracts with customers as if the Company had originated the acquired contract. This is an exception to the general requirement to measure assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their fair value on the acquisition date.
For a given acquisition, the Company may identify certain pre-acquisition contingencies as of the acquisition date and may extend its review and evaluation of these pre-acquisition contingencies throughout the measurement period in order to obtain sufficient information to assess whether the Company includes these contingencies as part of the fair value estimates of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and, if so, to determine their estimated amounts.
If the Company cannot reasonably determine the fair value of a pre-acquisition contingency (non-income tax-related) by the end of the measurement period, which is generally the case given the nature of such matters, the Company will recognize an asset or a liability for such pre-acquisition contingency if: (i) it is probable that an asset existed or a liability had been assumed at the acquisition date and (ii) the amount of the asset or liability can be reasonably estimated. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes in the Company's estimates of such contingencies will affect earnings and could have a material effect on its results of operations and financial position.
In addition, uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances assumed in connection with a business combination are initially estimated as of the acquisition date. The Company reevaluates these items based upon facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date with any adjustments to its preliminary estimates being recorded to goodwill, provided that the Company is within the measurement period. Subsequent to the measurement period, changes to these uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances will affect the Company's provision for income taxes in its condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income and could have a material impact on its results of operations and financial position.
Transaction costs associated with business combinations are expensed as incurred and are included in general and administrative expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
22

Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (Topic 740). The ASU requires disaggregated information about a reporting entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as an expansion of other income tax disclosures. The ASU is effective on a prospective basis for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40). The ASU requires incremental disclosures about specific expense categories, including but not limited to, purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and selling expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted and the amendments may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.
In May 2025, The FASB issued ASU No. 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity . The ASU revises current guidance for determining the accounting acquirer for a transaction effected primarily by exchanging equity interests in which the legal acquiree is a VIE that meets the definition of a business. The amendments differ from current U.S. GAAP because, for certain transactions, they replace the requirement that the primary beneficiary of a VIE is always the acquirer with an assessment that requires an entity to consider the factors to determine which entity is the accounting acquirer. Under the amendments, acquisition transactions in which the legal acquiree is a VIE will, in more instances, result in the same accounting outcomes as economically similar transactions in which the legal acquiree is a voting interest entity. The ASU does not change the accounting for a transaction determined to be a reverse acquisition or a transaction in which the legal acquirer is not a business and is determined to be the accounting acquiree. The new guidance will become effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on January 1, 2027, will require a prospective transition method for business combinations that occur after the initial adoption date, and early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company's disclosures.
In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets . The ASU provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses on current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. Under the expedient, entities may assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of the asset when developing reasonable and supportable forecasts as part of estimating expected credit losses. The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied prospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The ASU eliminates all references to prescriptive and sequential software project stages throughout Subtopic 350-40. An entity is required to begin capitalizing software costs when both of the following occur: (1) management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and (2) It is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). The ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Entities may adopt the new guidance using a prospective transition approach, a modified transition approach that is based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption, or a retrospective transition approach. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
23

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

3.     REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS
Disaggregated Revenue
Revenues by operating segment and type of service consist of the following (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
North America International Total North America International Total
CoStar $ 256.0   $ 21.0   $ 277.0   $ 240.8   $ 16.1   $ 256.9  
Information Services 36.8   4.5   41.3   28.2   4.8   33.0  
Multifamily 303.0   —   303.0   271.8   —   271.8  
LoopNet 74.7   4.6   79.3   68.1   2.8   70.9  
Residential 20.5   34.4   54.9   17.0   10.7   27.7  
Other Revenues
78.1   —   78.1   32.3   —   32.3  
Total revenues $ 769.1   $ 64.5   $ 833.6   $ 658.2   $ 34.4   $ 692.6  

Nine Months Ended September 30,
2025 2024
North America International Total North America International Total
CoStar $ 755.2   $ 57.8   $ 813.0   $ 713.6   $ 46.6   $ 760.2  
Information Services 108.5   11.9   120.4   83.5   15.9   99.4  
Multifamily 877.8   —   877.8   790.8   —   790.8  
LoopNet 217.3   10.5   227.8   201.7   8.1   209.8  
Residential 54.1   56.4   110.5   41.6   30.9   72.5  
Other Revenues
197.6   —   197.6   94.1   —   94.1  
Total revenues $ 2,210.5   $ 136.6   $ 2,347.1   $ 1,925.3   $ 101.5   $ 2,026.8  

Deferred Revenue
Deferred revenue as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was as follows (in millions):

Balance Balance Sheet Caption September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
Current portion Deferred revenue $ 201.6   $ 137.1  
Non-current portion Lease and other long-term liabilities 1.3   0.2  
Total deferred revenue $ 202.9   $ 137.3  

Changes in deferred revenue for the period were as follows (in millions):

Balance at December 31, 2024
$ 137.3  
Revenues recognized in the current period from the amounts in the beginning balance ( 129.4 )
New deferrals, net of amounts recognized in the current period (1)
192.7  
Effects of foreign currency 2.3  
Balance at September 30, 2025
$ 202.9  
__________________________

(1) This balance includes $ 46.2 million of new deferrals from the acquisitions completed in 2025. See Note 5 for further discussion of acquisitions.
24

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Contract Assets
Contract assets are generated when contractual billing schedules differ from revenue recognition timing and represent a conditional right to consideration for satisfied performance obligations that becomes a receivable when the conditions are satisfied. Contract assets as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 were as follows (in millions):

Balance Balance Sheet Caption September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
Current portion Prepaid expenses and other current assets $ 8.7   $ 5.8  
Non-current portion Deposits and other assets 3.5   6.0  
Total contract assets $ 12.2   $ 11.8  

Revenues were reduced by $ 0.1 million and $ 0.7 million from contract assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. Revenues were reduced by $ 0.6 million and $ 1.1 million from contract assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively.
Unsatisfied Performance Obligations
Remaining contract consideration for which revenue has not been recognized due to unsatisfied performance obligations was approximately $ 537.0 million at September 30, 2025, which the Company expects to recognize over the next eight years . This amount does not include contract consideration for contracts with a duration of one year or less.
Commissions
Commissions expense is included in selling and marketing expense (excluding customer base amortization) in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations. Commissions expense activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Commissions incurred $ 59.8   $ 40.0   $ 169.0   $ 136.5  
Commissions capitalized in the current period ( 37.2 ) ( 24.5 ) ( 115.7 ) ( 92.1 )
Amortization of deferred commissions costs 43.5   29.8   110.4   86.1  
Total commissions expense $ 66.1   $ 45.3   $ 163.7   $ 130.5  

The Company did not recognize any impairment losses on commissions during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
25

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

4.     ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
The following tables detail the activity related to the allowance for credit losses for trade receivables by portfolio segment (in millions):

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025
CoStar Information Services Multifamily LoopNet Other Revenues
Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2024
$ 6.1   $ 3.9   $ 9.4   $ 3.0   $ 0.4   $ 22.8  
Current-period provision for expected credit losses
7.8   1.4   11.1   3.2   2.4   25.9  
Write-offs charged against the allowance
( 6.7 ) ( 1.4 ) ( 7.7 ) ( 2.7 ) ( 0.3 ) ( 18.8 )
Ending balance at September 30, 2025
$ 7.2   $ 3.9   $ 12.8   $ 3.5   $ 2.5   $ 29.9  

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
CoStar Information Services Multifamily LoopNet Other Revenues
Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2023
$ 9.7   $ 2.5   $ 7.3   $ 2.7   $ 1.0   $ 23.2  
Current-period provision for expected credit losses
10.9   1.4   8.9   4.4   0.2   25.8  
Write-offs charged against the allowance
( 12.6 ) ( 0.8 ) ( 7.1 ) ( 4.3 ) ( 0.6 ) ( 25.4 )
Ending balance at September 30, 2024
$ 8.0   $ 3.1   $ 9.1   $ 2.8   $ 0.6   $ 23.6  

Credit loss expense is included in general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Credit loss expense related to contract assets was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. The allowance for credit losses for Residential was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.

5.     ACQUISITIONS
Domain
In February 2025, in connection with the Domain Proposal, the Company acquired approximately 17 % of the ordinary shares of Domain, one of Australia's leading property marketplaces, at A$ 4.20 per share for a total purchase price of A$ 452.4  million ( $ 284.8 million ). In May 2025, the Company entered into an agreement to acquire the remaining issued capital of Domain not previously held by CoStar Group by way of Scheme of Arr angement. In August 2025, the Company completed the Domain Acquisition pursuant to which (i) the Company spent A$ 2.5  billion ($ 1.6 billion) to acquire the remaining 83 % of Domain's ordinary shares; and (ii) Domain shareholders received total cash consideration of A$ 4.43 per Domain ordinary share, less a one time special dividend of A$ 0.088 per share declared and paid by Domain prior to closing. The Domain Acquisition positions the Company to leverage Domain's portfolio of property brands in Australia, including Domain and Allhomes, and CoStar's technology, scale, and innovation to improve customer experience, value, and access CoStar's brands and product offerings.
As of the Closing, the fair value of the Company's 17 % investment was approximately A$ 465.2 million ($ 299.9 million), measured based on the fair value implied by the consideration transferred. The acquisition was completed as a step-acquisition, and the Company recognized a gain of $ 2.8 million and $ 14.3 million, inclusive of dividend income, as a result of remeasuring its previously held equity interest for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively . The gains were recorded in other expense, net, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
26

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The total purchase consideration for the Domain Acquisition was $ 1.6 billion, which consisted of the following (in millions):

Amount
Cash $ 1,472.5  
Settlement of existing debt
138.6  
Fair value of cash settled equity awards related to pre-combination services
0.9  
Total purchase consideration 1,612.0  
Fair value of previously held equity interests
299.9  
$ 1,911.9  

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair value as of the closing date of the Domain Acquisition (in millions):

Preliminary:
August 27, 2025

Cash and cash equivalents $ 14.8  
Accounts receivable 34.9  
Intangible assets 944.6  
Accrued expenses
( 27.1 )
Deferred revenue ( 14.1 )
Deferred tax liability
( 234.7 )
Other assets and (liabilities), net ( 9.4 )
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired 709.0  

Fair value of NCI in Domain’s partially-owned subsidiaries
( 7.8 )
Goodwill
1,210.7  
$ 1,911.9  

Generally, the net assets of Domain were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates. The key assumptions used in the valuation include discount rates, royalty rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, and profit margins.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and subject to change during the measurement period as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed at closing. Any material adjustments to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period will be recognized and disclosed in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. The primary areas that remain subject to additional information include the Company's assessment of the fair value measurement of NCI, certain tax matters, the fair value of acquired intangibles, and contingencies.
27

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following table summarizes the fair values (in millions) of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Domain Acquisition included in the Company's International operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years) and their respective amortization methods:

Estimated Fair Value Estimated Useful Life Amortization Method
Customer relationships $ 638.3   20 Accelerated
Brand and trade names 190.2   5 - 15
Straight-line
Software 116.1   2 - 5
Straight-line
Total intangible assets $ 944.6  

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Domain Acquisition includes, but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining Domain's operations with the Company's operations and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $ 1.2 billion of goodwill recorded as part of the Domain Acquisition is associated with the Company's International operating segment, of which none is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Transaction costs associated with the Domain Acquisition were $ 19.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and consist primarily of advisory, legal, accounting, and other professional service costs. These costs are included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Matterport
On February 28, 2025, the Company completed the Matterport Acquisition. Matterport is a leader in the digitization and datafication of the built world. Matterport’s pioneering technology has set the standard for digitizing, accessing and managing buildings, spaces, and places online. Matterport’s platform, comprised of innovative software, spatial data-driven data science, and 3D capture technology, has broken down the barriers that have kept the largest asset class in the world, buildings and physical spaces, offline and underutilized for so long. The Company intends to integrate Matterport's 3D digital twin technology with its information service products and online marketplaces to allow buyers, sellers, and renters to explore properties with greater depth and insight.
Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Matterport Merger Agreement, the Company acquired Matterport, with each share of Matterport Common Stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the Matterport Acquisition exchanged for (i) 0.03552 of a CoStar Group Share, the Matterport Merger Exchange Ratio, and (ii) $ 2.75 in cash (the "Matterport Acquisition Consideration"), with fractional shares of CoStar Group Shares paid in cash.
As part of the Matterport Acquisition, the Company issued certain rollover equity awards to the employees of Matterport, which included approximately 2.3 million shares of restricted stock units and approximately 1.8  million stock option awards. The total fair value of the rollover equity awards was $ 272.6 million, of which the portion attributable to services performed prior to the acquisition date was allocated to purchase consideration. The remaining fair value was allocated to future services and will be expensed over the remaining service periods as share-based compensation.
The total purchase consideration for the Matterport Acquisition was $ 1.9 billion, which consisted of the following (in millions):

Amount
Cash $ 902.1  
CoStar Group Shares ( 11.7 million shares)
881.2  
Fair value of rollover awards 143.8  
Total $ 1,927.1  

28

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair value as of the closing date of the Matterport Acquisition (in millions):

Preliminary: February 28, 2025 Measurement Period Adjustments Updated Preliminary: February 28, 2025

Cash and cash equivalents $ 55.1   $ —  $ 55.1  
Restricted cash 97.0   —  97.0  
Accounts receivable 13.3   0.4   13.7  
Available for sale investments 203.7   —  203.7  
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance 24.6   21.9   46.5  
Goodwill 1,136.4   ( 9.5 ) 1,126.9  
Intangible assets 527.0   —  527.0  
Deferred revenue ( 32.1 ) —  ( 32.1 )
Litigation accrual ( 95.0 ) ( 3.8 ) ( 98.8 )
Other assets and (liabilities), net ( 2.9 ) ( 9.0 ) ( 11.9 )
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired $ 1,927.1   $ —   $ 1,927.1  

Generally, the net assets of Matterport were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates. The key assumptions used in the valuation include discount rates, royalty rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, and profit margins.
The purchase price allocation is preliminary and subject to change during the measurement period as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed at closing. Any material adjustments to provisional amounts identified during the measurement period will be recognized and disclosed in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company reassessed its estimates and inputs as new information about facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date became known. As a result, the Company recorded a $ 9.5 million reduction in goodwill as a result of measurement period adjustments. The reduction to goodwill consists primarily of adjustments for uncertain tax positions and tax-related valuation allowances. The primary areas that remain subject to additional information are the Company's assessment of certain tax matters; contingencies, including those discussed in Note 12 ; and fair value assessment of certain acquired intangibles.
The following table summarizes the fair values (in millions) of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Matterport Acquisition included in the Company's North America operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years), and their respective amortization methods:

Estimated Fair Value Estimated Useful Life Amortization Method
Developed technology $ 295.0   9 Straight-line
Customer relationships 140.0   5 Accelerated
Trade names 92.0   15 Straight-line
Total intangible assets $ 527.0  

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Matterport Acquisition includes but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from combining Matterport's operations with the Company's operations and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $ 1.1  billion of goodwill recorded as part of the Matterport Acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment, of which none is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Transaction costs associated with the
29

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Matterport Acquisition were $ 17.6  million during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and consist primarily of legal, accounting, and other professional service costs. These costs are included within general and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
Visual Lease
In November 2024, CoStar acquired Visual Lease for total consideration of $ 276.0  million, in accordance with the terms under the Visual Lease Merger Agreement. Visual Lease is the operator of a SaaS platform for integrated lease management and lease accounting.
The following table summarizes the amounts recorded for acquired assets and assumed liabilities recorded at their fair value as of the closing date of the acquisition (in millions):

Preliminary: November 1, 2024 Measurement Period Adjustments Updated Preliminary: November 1, 2024

Cash and cash equivalents $ 5.2   $ —  $ 5.2  
Accounts receivable 4.2   —  4.2  
Deferred tax assets 5.3   0.5   5.8  
Goodwill 148.0   1.5   149.5  
Intangible assets 135.9   —  135.9  
Deferred revenue ( 22.4 ) —  ( 22.4 )
Other assets and (liabilities), net ( 0.2 ) ( 2.0 ) ( 2.2 )
Fair value of identifiable net assets acquired $ 276.0   $ —   $ 276.0  

The net assets of Visual Lease were recorded at their estimated fair values. In valuing the acquired assets and assumed liabilities, fair value estimates were based primarily on future expected cash flows, market rate assumptions for contractual obligations, and appropriate discount rates. The purchase price allocation is preliminary, subject primarily to the Company's assessment of contingencies. The key assumptions used in the valuation include discount rates, projected revenue growth rates, customer attrition rates, and profit margins.
The following table summarizes the fair values (in millions) of the identifiable intangible assets acquired in the Visual Lease Acquisition included in the Company's North America operating segment, their related estimated useful lives (in years), and their respective amortization methods:

Estimated Fair Value Estimated Useful Life Amortization Method
Customer base $ 119.3   15 Accelerated
Trade name 1.3   5 Straight-line
Software technology 1.5   3  Straight-line
Database technology 13.8   7.5  Straight-line
Total intangible assets $ 135.9  

Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the consideration transferred over the net assets recognized and represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired that could not be individually identified and separately recognized. Specifically, the goodwill recorded as part of the Visual Lease Acquisition includes, but is not limited to: (i) the expected synergies and other benefits that the Company believes will result from increasing anonymized leasing data in CoStar and combining its operations with CoStar Real Estate Manager's operations and (ii) any intangible assets that do not qualify for separate recognition, such as the assembled workforce. The $ 149.5  million of goodwill recorded as part of the acquisition is associated with the Company's North America operating segment, of which $ 132.7  million is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes. Transaction costs associated with the Visual Lease Acquisition were $ 6.8  million.
30

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Pro Forma Financial Information (unaudited)
Domain
Th e unaudited pro forma financial information presented below reflects the condensed consolidated results of operations of the Company assuming the Domain Acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2024 and was as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue $ 876.4   $ 761.4   $ 2,519.2   $ 2,216.6  
Net income (loss)
$ ( 20.9 ) $ 33.1   $ ( 29.2 ) $ 42.3  

The material pro forma adjustments primarily consist of incremental amortization expense based on the preliminary fair value of the intangible assets acquired, increased compensation expense relating to the issuance of certain equity plans in connection with the Domain Acquisition, accounting policy alignment adjustments, and the income tax impact of the aforementioned pro forma adjustments. The unaudited pro forma financial information has also been adjusted to reflect $ 19.9 million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as having occurred on January 1, 2024.
The impact of the Domain Acquisition on the Company's revenue was $ 25.3 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025. The impact of the Domain Acquisition on the Company's net income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was a loss of $ 4.4 million for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025.
Matterport
Th e unaudited pro forma financial information presented below reflects the condensed consolidated results of operations of the Company assuming the Matterport Acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2024 and was as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue $ 833.6   $ 735.1   $ 2,372.6   $ 2,148.7  
Net income (loss)
$ ( 23.9 ) $ 14.0   $ ( 108.3 ) $ ( 230.5 )

The material pro forma adjustments primarily consist of incremental amortization expense based on the preliminary fair value of the intangible assets acquired, increased compensation expense relating to the issuance of certain equity plans in connection with the Matterport Acquisition, accounting policy alignment adjustments, and the income tax impact of the aforementioned pro forma adjustments. The unaudited pro forma financial information has also been adjusted to reflect $ 17.6  million of acquisition-related costs incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 as having occurred on January 1, 2024.
The impact of the Matterport Acquisition on the Company's revenue was $ 43.9  million and $ 103.8  million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively. The impact of the Matterport Acquisition on the Company's net income (loss) in the condensed consolidated statements of operations was a loss of $ 47.3 million and $ 98.1 million for t he three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively.
Combined
The unaudited pro forma financial information presented below reflects the consolidated results of operations of the Company assuming both the Domain Acquisition and Matterport Acquisition had taken place on January 1, 2024. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented includes the adjustments mentioned in above. The unaudited pro forma financial information, as presented below, is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisitions had not taken place on the dates listed above.
31

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Revenue $ 876.4   $ 803.9   $ 2,544.7   $ 2,338.5  
Net income (loss)
$ ( 13.9 ) $ ( 5.9 ) $ ( 98.0 ) $ ( 267.1 )

6.     INVESTMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company categorizes assets and liabilities recorded or disclosed at fair value on the condensed consolidated balance sheets based upon the level of judgment associated with inputs used to measure their fair value. The categories are as follows:
Level 1 - Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
The Company's financial assets comprise Level 1 cash equivalents with original maturities of three months or less in the amount of $ 1.7 billion and $ 4.5 billion as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had no Level 2 or Level 3 financial assets measured at fair value as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Available-for-sale Debt Securities
In connection with the Matterport Acquisition, the Company acquired $ 203.7  million of available-for-sale debt securities, inclusive of $ 2.0  million of accrued interest. These securities were sold for net proceeds of $ 203.4  million resulting in a negligible realized loss in the first quarter of 2025.
Other Financial Instruments
The Company holds other financial instruments, including cash deposits, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and Senior Notes. The carrying value for such financial instruments, other than the Senior Notes, each approximated their fair values as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024. The estimated fair val ue of the Company's outstanding Senior Notes using quoted prices from the over-the-counter markets, considered Level 2 inputs, was $ 0.9 billion as of both September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

7.     LEASES
The Company has operating and finance leases for its office facilities, data centers, and certain vehicles, as well as finance leases for office equipment. The Company's leases have remaining terms up to nine years . The leases contain various renewal and termination options. The period that is subject to an option to extend the lease is included in the lease term if it is reasonably certain that the option will be exercised. The period that is subject to an option to terminate the lease is included if it is reasonably certain that the option will not be exercised.
32

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Lease costs related to the Company's operating and finance leases included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations were as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
Operating lease costs: 2025 2024 2025 2024

Cost of revenues $ 2.7   $ 2.1   $ 7.5   $ 7.1  
Selling and marketing (excluding customer base amortization) 4.0   3.5   11.2   10.9  
Software development 1.4   2.1   4.6   5.7  
General and administrative 1.2   1.7   4.5   5.0  
Total operating lease costs 9.3   9.4   27.8   28.7  
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets
1.2   0.5   3.6   3.5  
Interest on lease liabilities 0.2   0.5   0.7   1.1  
Total finance lease costs
1.4   1.0   4.3   4.6  
Total lease costs
$ 10.7   $ 10.4   $ 32.1   $ 33.3  

Finance lease costs primarily relate to vehicles used by the Company's research teams and the amortization of the ROU assets are recorded to cost of revenues in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The impact of lease costs related to short-term leases was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024.
Supplemental balance sheet information related to operating leases was as follows (in millions):

Balance Balance Sheet Location September 30,
2025 December 31, 2024

Operating lease liabilities $ 146.6 $ 138.9
Less: imputed interest 19.7 18.2
Present value of lease liabilities 126.9 120.7
Less: current portion of lease liabilities Lease liabilities 23.0 27.0
Long-term lease liabilities Lease and other long-term liabilities $ 103.9 $ 93.7

Weighted-average remaining lease term in years 5.5 5.6
Weighted-average discount rate 4.7   % 4.4   %
ROU Assets
Lease right-of-use assets
$ 111.3 $ 103.0

Finance lease liabilities
$ 13.1 $ 16.6
Less: imputed interest 0.9 1.6
Present value of lease liabilities 12.2 15.0
Less: current portion of lease liabilities Lease liabilities 5.4 5.0
Long-term lease liabilities Lease and other long-term liabilities $ 6.8 $ 10.0

Weighted-average remaining lease term in years 2.2 3.0
Weighted-average discount rate 6.4   % 6.4   %
ROU Assets
Property and equipment, net
$ 12.6 $ 15.7

33

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows (in millions):

Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows used in operating leases $ 27.3   $ 24.1  
Operating cash flows used in finance leases $ 0.7   $ 0.9  
Financing cash flows used in finance leases $ 3.3   $ 3.4  

ROU assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:

Operating leases $ 27.4   $ 24.1  
Finance leases $ 0.5   $ 7.2  

8.     GOODWILL
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by operating segment consist of the following (in millions):

  North America International Total
Goodwill, December 31, 2023 $ 2,149.2   $ 237.0   $ 2,386.2  
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments (1)
148.0   ( 1.1 ) 146.9  
Effect of foreign currency translation —   ( 5.5 ) ( 5.5 )
Goodwill, December 31, 2024 2,297.2   230.4   2,527.6  
Acquisitions, including measurement period adjustments (2)
1,128.4   1,210.7   2,339.1  
Effect of foreign currency translation —   48.7   48.7  
Goodwill, September 30, 2025 $ 3,425.6   $ 1,489.8   $ 4,915.4  
__________________________

(1) North America goodwill generated during the year ended December 31, 2024 from the Visual Lease Acquisition was $ 148.0 million.
(2) North America goodwill generated during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from the Matterport Acquisition was $ 1,126.9 million. International goodwill generated during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 from the Domain Acquisition was $ 1,210.7 million.
The Company did not recognize any impairment losses on goodwill during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024.
34

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

9.     INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of the following (in millions, except amortization period data):

September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024 Weighted-
Average
Amortization
Period (in years)

Acquired technology and data $ 473.0   $ 47.4   8
Accumulated amortization ( 40.6 ) ( 24.7 )  
Acquired technology and data, net 432.4   22.7    

Acquired customer base 1,335.9   556.9   15
Accumulated amortization ( 361.0 ) ( 304.1 )  
Acquired customer base, net 974.9   252.8    

Acquired trade names and other intangible assets 520.3   240.8   14
Accumulated amortization ( 135.5 ) ( 141.4 )  
Acquired trade names and other intangible assets, net 384.8   99.4    

Acquired above-market leases 41.5   41.5   9
Accumulated amortization ( 12.4 ) ( 9.3 )
Acquired above-market leases, net 29.1   32.2  

Acquired in-place leases 32.0   32.0   9
Accumulated amortization ( 8.8 ) ( 5.9 )
Acquired in-place leases, net 23.2   26.1  

Intangible assets, net $ 1,844.4   $ 433.2    

Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of such assets may not be recoverable. The Company did not recognize any impairment losses on intangible assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2025 or 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company removed $ 58.2 million of intangible assets that were fully amortized from the acquired intangible assets and accumulated amortization, which had no impact on the Company's financial results.
35

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

10.     LONG-TERM DEBT
The table below presents the components of outstanding debt (in millions):

September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
2.800 % Senior Notes due July 15, 2030
$ 1,000.0   $ 1,000.0  
2024 Credit Agreement, due May 24, 2029 —   —  
Total face amount of long-term debt 1,000.0   1,000.0  
Senior Notes unamortized discount and issuance costs ( 7.1 ) ( 8.1 )
Long-term debt, net $ 992.9   $ 991.9  

Senior Notes
On July 1, 2020, the Company issued $ 1.0  billion aggregate principal amount of 2.800 % Senior Notes due July 15, 2030. The Senior Notes were sold to a group of financial institutions as initial purchasers who subsequently resold the Senior Notes to non-U.S. persons pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act, and to persons reasonably believed to be qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act at a purchase price equal to 99.921 % of their principal amount. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15. The Senior Notes may be redeemed in whole or in part by the Company (a) at any time prior to April 15, 2030 at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus the Applicable Premium (as calculated in accordance with the indenture governing the Senior Notes), and any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date, and (b) on or after April 15, 2030 at a redemption price equal to 100 % of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on the principal amount of Senior Notes being redeemed to, but excluding, the redemption date. The Company’s obligations under the Senior Notes are guaranteed on a senior, unsecured basis by the Company’s domestic wholly owned subsidiaries, and the indenture governing the Senior Notes contains covenants, events of default, and other customary provisions with which the Company was in compliance as of September 30, 2025.
Revolving Credit Facility
On May 24, 2024, the Company entered into the 2024 Credit Agreement, which provides for a $ 1.1  billion revolving credit facility with a term of five years (maturing May 24, 2029) and a letter of credit sublimit of $ 20  million from a syndicate of financial institutions and issuing banks. The 2024 Credit Agreement replaces the Company's 2020 Credit Agreement.
Borrowings bear interest at a floating rate, which can be, at the Company’s option, either (a) an alternate base rate plus an applicable rate ranging from 0.125 % to 0.750 % or (b) a Term SOFR, SONIA rate, or EURIBOR for the specified interest period plus an applicable rate ranging from 1.125 % to 1.750 %, in each case depending on the Company’s Debt Rating (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement).
The 2024 Credit Agreement contains customary affirmative covenants for transactions of this type, including, among others, the provision of financial and other information to the administrative agent, notice to the administrative agent upon the occurrence of certain material events, preservation of existence, maintenance of properties, and compliance with laws, including environmental laws, subject to certain exceptions. The 2024 Credit Agreement contains customary negative covenants, including, among others, restrictions on the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to merge and consolidate with other companies, restrictions on the ability of certain subsidiaries to incur indebtedness, and restrictions on the ability of the Company and certain subsidiaries to grant liens or security interests on assets, subject to certain exceptions. The 2024 Credit Agreement contains a financial maintenance covenant that requires the Company to maintain a Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the 2024 Credit Agreement) of less than or equal to 4.50 to 1.00, tested at the end of each fiscal quarter. The 2024 Credit Agreement also provides for a number of customary events of default, including, among others: payment defaults to the Lenders, voluntary and involuntary bankruptcy proceedings, covenant defaults, material inaccuracies of representations and warranties, cross-acceleration to other material indebtedness, certain change of control events, material money judgments, and other customary events of default. The occurrence of an event of default could result in the acceleration of obligations and the termination of lending commitments under the 2024 Credit Agreement. The Company was in compliance with the covenants in the 2024 Credit Agreement as of September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, the Company had no amounts drawn under this facility.
36

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The Company had $ 3.1 million and $ 3.8 million of deferred debt issuance costs related to the revolving credit facility as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. These amounts are included in deposits and other assets on the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The Company recognized interest expense as follows (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Interest on outstanding borrowings $ 7.0   $ 7.0   $ 21.0   $ 21.0  
Amortization of Senior Notes discount and issuance costs
0.5   0.6   1.6   2.3  
Interest capitalized for construction in process
( 3.8 ) ( 1.8 ) ( 9.5 ) ( 4.4 )
Commitment fees and other 0.7   0.5   2.0   2.1  
Total interest expense $ 4.4   $ 6.3   $ 15.1   $ 21.0  

11.     INCOME TAXES
The income tax provision reflects an effective tax rate of approximately 33 % and 32 % for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and ( 28 )% and 37 % for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to an increase in discrete items including disqualifying dispositions on incentive stock options for the three months ended September 30, 2025. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was primarily due to overall book loss position with U.S. net income that is taxable and U.K. losses with no tax benefit for the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

12.     COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The following summarizes the Company's significant contractual obligations, including related payments due by period, as of September 30, 2025 (in millions):

Year Ending December 31, Operating lease obligations Finance lease obligations Long-term debt principal payments Long-term debt interest payments
Remainder of 2025 $ 4.3   $ 1.5   $ —   $ —  
2026 31.8   6.0   —   28.0  
2027 29.1   5.0   —   28.0  
2028 27.5   0.5   —   28.0  
2029 19.2   0.1   —   28.0  
Thereafter 34.7   —   1,000.0   28.0  
Total $ 146.6   $ 13.1   $ 1,000.0   $ 140.0  

The Company leases office facilities under various non-cancelable operating leases, as well as data centers and vehicles under finance lease arrangements. The leases contain various renewal options.
See Note 7 for further discussion of the Company's lease commitments.
Litigation
Currently, and from time to time, the Company is involved in litigation incidental to the conduct of its business. The Company records a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. While it is reasonably possible that an unfavorable outcome may occur as a result of one or more of the Company’s current litigation matters, at this time, management has concluded that the resolutions of these matters are not expected to have a material effect on the Company's condensed consolidated financial position, future results of operations, or liquidity. Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred, except as set forth below.
37

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

Matterport-Related Matters
On July 23, 2021, plaintiff William J. Brown, a former employee and a stockholder of Matterport, sued Matterport, Gores Holdings VI, Inc. (now known as Matterport, Inc.), Maker Merger Sub Inc., Maker Merger Sub II, LLC, and Matterport directors R.J. Pittman, David Gausebeck, Matt Bell, Peter Hebert, Jason Krikorian, Carlos Kokron and Michael Gustafson (collectively, the “Brown Defendants”) in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware (the “Chancery Court ”). Brown claimed that the Brown Defendants imposed invalid transfer restrictions on his shares of Matterport stock in connection with the Gores Merger transactions (the "Gores Transaction" and the Agreement and the Plan of Merger thereunder, the "Gores Merger Agreement") between Matterport, Inc. and Legacy Matterport (the “Transfer Restrictions”), and that Matterport’s Board of Directors violated their fiduciary duties in connection with a purportedly misleading letter of transmittal. An expedited trial regarding the facial validity of the Transfer Restrictions took place in December 2021. On January 11, 2022, the court issued a ruling that the Transfer Restrictions did not apply to Brown. Separate proceedings regarding Brown's remaining claims, including the amount of any damages suffered by Brown were the subject of the second phase of the case. Legacy Matterport's position was that Brown did not suffer any damages as he would have sold his shares as soon as possible after the Gores Transaction closed had Legacy Matterport not prevented him from trading based on its application of the Transfer Restrictions. Trial was held in November 2023, and a post-trial hearing was held on February 22, 2024. On May 28, 2024, the court ruled that Matterport had a reasonable basis to deny the plaintiff’s November 2021 demand that the transfer restrictions be removed from his shares and that the plaintiff lacked standing as to whether the transfer restrictions complied with Delaware law. However, the court awarded Brown $ 79.1  million plus pre- and post-judgment interest as damages for losses caused by Matterport’s initial refusal to issue freely transferable shares (the “Brown Judgment”). On July 29, 2024, a notice of appeal to the court's ruling to the Delaware Supreme Court was filed. Brown filed a notice of cross-appeal on August 12, 2024. Oral argument on the appeal was heard on February 26, 2025. On April 22, 2025, the Delaware Supreme Court substantially affirmed the Chancery Court's $ 79.1  million damages award but reversed and remanded for additional proceedings on the manner in which post-judgment interest was calculated. The Chancery Court has not scheduled further proceedings on the issue of post-judgment interest.
The Company has estimated a litigation accrual of $ 98.8 million as of September 30, 2025, considering the substantially-affirmed damages award and the Company's estimate of the expected interest award using the Chancery Court's previously determined interest methodology. This estimated litigation accrual is reflected in the purchase price allocation for the Matterport Acquisition and is subject to change based on the Chancery Court's revised ruling. The Company anticipates the revised ruling will occur by the first half of 2026. The Company estimated additional interest of up to approximately $ 17  million could be awarded if the Chancery Court followed the methodology Brown previously argued, and which was rejected. Subsequent to the Brown Judgment, on August 14, 2024, a litigation bond was posted, and Matterport transferred $ 95.0  million in cash as collateral into a designated insured interest-bearing account, which is classified as restricted cash on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025.
Since the Brown judgment in May 2024, other former Legacy Matterport stockholders have filed complaints (the “Post-Brown Complaints”) in the Chancery Court alleging that they were prevented from trading their Matterport shares through invalid transfer restrictions. These complaints were filed as follows: on July 19, 2024 by Damien Leostic and William Schmitt; on August 16, 2024 by Greg Coombe; on September 19, 2024 by Build Legacy LLC, Build the Future Trust under agreement dated November 16, 2023, Penchant Capital LLC, Penchant Trust, and iRobot Corporation. On September 16, 2024, Kimberly Burdi-Dumas, a former Matterport employee, filed a putative class action complaint on behalf of all persons or entities who were stockholders of Legacy Matterport as of July 21, 2021, and who, pursuant to the Gores Transaction, were thereafter issued and held Matterport shares that were improperly restricted from being sold until January 18, 2022. On November 26, 2024, Schmitt amended his complaint to bring a class action on behalf of former members of Matterport who did not receive their shares immediately following the closing of Gores Transaction. On December 6, 2024, the Burdi-Dumas complaint was amended to include a second plaintiff, Janet Day, and additional claims. These cases have now been consolidated and coordinated.
The Company monitors developments in these legal matters that could affect the estimate the Company may have previously accrued. As of September 30, 2025, there were no amounts accrued that the Company believes would be material to its financial position, except as noted above. Further, the range of reasonably possible losses in excess of accrued liabilities currently cannot be reasonably estimated, except as noted above.
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COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

13.     SEGMENT REPORTING
Segment Information
The Company manages its business geographically in two operating segments and two reportable segments, with the primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Asia-Pacific, Europe, and Latin America. Segment reporting is based on the management approach, whereby external segment reporting is aligned with the internal reporting used by the CODM, which is the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The CODM relies on an internal management reporting process that provides revenue and operating segment EBITDA for making decisions and assessing performance as the source of the Company’s reportable segments. EBITDA is used by management internally to measure operating and management performance and to evaluate the performance of the business.
Summarized EBITDA information by operating segment consists of the following (in millions):

Three Months Ended September 30,
  2025 2024
North America International Total North America International Total
Revenues (1)
$ 769.1   $ 64.5   $ 833.6   $ 658.2   $ 34.4   $ 692.6  
Less:
Personnel 392.9   37.9   430.8   274.8   24.4   299.2  
Marketing 202.8   16.3   219.1   188.6   14.4   203.0  
General and administrative (2)
140.2   30.8   171.0   131.3   8.3   139.6  
EBITDA
$ 33.2   $ ( 20.5 ) $ 12.7   $ 63.5   $ ( 12.7 ) $ 50.8  
__________________________
(1) See Note 3 for details of revenue disaggregated by segment.

(2) Excludes personnel costs.

Nine Months Ended September 30,
  2025 2024
North America International Total North America International Total
Revenues (1)
$ 2,210.5   $ 136.6   $ 2,347.1   $ 1,925.3   $ 101.5   $ 2,026.8  
Less:
Personnel 1,070.7   84.3   1,155.0   820.6   72.5   893.1  
Marketing 610.3   45.9   656.2   627.1   50.8   677.9  
General and administrative (2)
443.9   51.5   495.4   380.2   25.5   405.7  
EBITDA $ 85.6   $ ( 45.1 ) $ 40.5   $ 97.4   $ ( 47.3 ) $ 50.1  
__________________________
(1) See Note 3 for details of revenue disaggregated by segment.

(2) Excludes personnel costs.

The Company is domiciled in the U.S. and revenues earned outside the U.S. were $ 91.2 million and $ 40.7 million for three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 199.8 million and $ 119.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
39

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following summarizes stock-based compensation, which is a significant non-cash item included in the personnel costs above, by segment (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
North America
$ 69.0   $ 20.4   $ 148.2   $ 63.4  
International
1.8   1.4   4.8   3.9  
Total
$ 70.8   $ 21.8   $ 153.0   $ 67.3  

The reconciliation of EBITDA to income (loss) before income taxes consists of the following (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2025 2024 2025 2024
EBITDA
$ 12.7   $ 50.8   $ 40.5   $ 50.1  
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in cost of revenues ( 19.9 ) ( 6.2 ) ( 47.5 ) ( 22.9 )
Amortization of acquired intangible assets in operating expenses ( 31.9 ) ( 10.3 ) ( 75.6 ) ( 31.5 )
Depreciation and other amortization ( 12.0 ) ( 10.6 ) ( 38.5 ) ( 31.0 )
Interest income, net
26.0   55.6   97.0   165.3  
Other expense, net (1)
( 20.7 ) ( 1.6 ) ( 6.8 ) ( 4.9 )
Income (loss) before income taxes
$ ( 45.8 ) $ 77.7   $ ( 30.9 ) $ 125.1  
__________________________
(1) Includes $ 3.7 million and $ 8.3 million of depreciation and amortization expense including above-market lease amortization associated with lessor activities for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $ 17.2 million and $ 22.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

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Summarized information by operating segment consists of the following (in millions):

September 30,
2025 December 31,
2024
Property and equipment, net
North America $ 1,234.8   $ 1,006.7  
International 34.8   8.2  
Total property and equipment, net $ 1,269.6   $ 1,014.9  

Goodwill
North America $ 3,425.6   $ 2,297.2  
International 1,489.8   230.4  
Total goodwill $ 4,915.4   $ 2,527.6  

Assets
North America $ 8,011.7   $ 8,852.0  
International 2,808.2   404.8  
Total assets $ 10,819.9   $ 9,256.8  

Liabilities
North America $ 1,771.7   $ 1,603.0  
International 424.3   100.3  
Total liabilities $ 2,196.0   $ 1,703.3  

14.     STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Stock Repurchase Program
In February 2025, the Board of Directors approved the Stock Repurchase Program that authorizes the repurchase of up to $ 500  million of the CoStar Group Shares. Stock repurchases may be effected through open market repurchases in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act or through a trading plan adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act. Repurchases may be made from time to time at management's discretion, and the timing and amount of any such repurchases will be determined based on share price, market conditions, legal requirements, and other relevant factors. The program has no time limit and can be discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 1.4 million CoStar Group Shares for an aggregate cost of $ 115.0 million. As of September 30, 2025, $ 385.0 million remains available for repurchases under the Stock Repurchase Program. Shares of common stock repurchased under the Stock Repurchase Program become treasury shares and are accounted for when the transaction is settled. Direct costs incurred to acquire the shares are included in the total cost of the shares.
Preferred Stock
The Company has 2  million shares of preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value, authorized for issuance. The Board of Directors may issue the preferred stock from time to time as shares of one or more classes or series.
Common Stock
The Company has 1.2  billion CoStar Group Shares, authorized for issuance. Dividends may be declared and paid on the common stock, subject in all cases to the rights and preferences of the holders of preferred stock and authorization by the Board of Directors. In the event of liquidation or winding up of the Company and after the payment of all preferential amounts required to be paid to the holders of any series of preferred stock, any remaining funds shall be distributed among the holders of the issued and outstanding common stock.
41

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

15.     EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Stock Incentive Plans
In April 2016, the Board of Directors adopted the CoStar Group 2016 Stock Incentive Plan (as amended, the “2016 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 9, 2016. On April 28, 2025, the Board of Directors approved the CoStar Group, Inc. 2025 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2025 Plan”), subject to stockholder approval, which was obtained on June 26, 2025. All shares of common stock that were authorized for issuance under the 2016 Plan that, as of April 28, 2025, remained available for issuance under the 2016 Plan (excluding shares subject to outstanding awards) were rolled into the 2025 Plan and, following stockholder approval of the 2025 Plan, no further grants will be made under the 2016 Plan.
The 2025 Plan provides for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights to officers, employees, and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries. Stock options granted under the 2025 Plan may be non-qualified or may qualify as incentive stock options. Except in limited circumstances related to a merger or other acquisition, the exercise price for an option may not be less than the fair market value of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. The vesting period for each grant of options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, and stock appreciation rights under the 2025 Plan is determined by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof and is generally three to four years , subject to minimum vesting periods for restricted stock and restricted stock units of at least one year . In some cases, vesting of awards under the 2025 Plan may be based on performance conditions. The Company initially reserved approximately 13.2  million shares of common stock for issuance under the 2025 Plan, which included shares of common stock that were authorized and remained available for issuance under the 2016 Plan as o f April 28, 2025. Any shares of common stock subject to (a) outstanding awards under the 2016 Plan as of June 26, 2025 or (b) outstanding awards under the 2025 Plan after June 26, 2025, that cease for any reason to be subject to such awards (other than by reason of exercise or settlement of the awards to the extent they are exercised or settled in vested and nonforfeitable shares) will become authorized and unissued under the 2025 Plan. Unless terminated sooner, the 2025 Plan will terminate in June 2035, but will continue to govern unexercised and unexpired awards issued under the 2025 Plan prior to that date. Approximately 9.7 million shares were available for future grant under the 2025 Plan as of September 30, 2025.
In connection with the Matterport Acquisition, the Company assumed Matterport's 2021 Incentive Award Plan and Matterport's Amended and Restated 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, including outstanding restricted stock units and stock options originally granted by Matterport under the Assumed Matterport Plans to continuing employees. These assumed awards will vest in accordance with their original terms, generally over four years . The Company does not intend to issue further grants under these plans. Shares forfeited due to employee termination or expiration are returned to the share pool. As of September 30, 2025, approximately 1.9 million shares remained available under the Assumed Matterport Plans.
At September 30, 2025, there was approximately $ 282.4 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock incentive plans, net of estimated forfeitures, which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average-period of 2.7 years. See Note 2 for further discussion of stock-based compensation expense.
Stock Options
Option activity was as follows:

  Number of
Shares Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contract
Life (in years) Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in millions)
Outstanding at December 31, 2024
1,904,590   $ 51.48   4.80 $ 43.8  
Assumed in Matterport Acquisition 1,799,170   $ 9.54  
Granted 212,700   $ 78.33  
Exercised ( 637,509 ) $ 9.65   $ 45.2  
Canceled or expired ( 26,000 ) $ 91.98  
Outstanding at September 30, 2025
3,252,951   $ 37.91   4.21 $ 151.0  
Exercisable at September 30, 2025
2,898,515   $ 32.84   3.64 $ 149.3  

42

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The Company estimated the fair value of each option granted on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model, using the assumptions in the following table:

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2025 2024
Dividend yield 0   % 0   %
Expected volatility 35   % 35   %
Risk-free interest rate 4.3   % 4.3   %
Expected life (in years) 5 5
Weighted-average grant date fair value $ 30.05 $ 31.57

The expected dividend yield is determined based on the Company's past cash dividend history and anticipated future cash dividend payments. The Company has never declared nor paid any dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock during the foreseeable future but intends to retain any earnings for future growth of its business. Expected volatility is calculated based on historical volatility of the daily closing price of the Company's common stock over a period consistent with the expected life of the options granted. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with terms similar to the expected life of the options granted. The expected life for the options is determined based on multiple factors, including historical employee behavior patterns of exercising options and post-employment termination behavior as well as expected future employee option exercise patterns.
Restricted Stock Awards
The Company grants restricted common stock to certain executive officers, directors, and employees of the Company which vest over a specific service period. Executive officers also receive restricted common stock that vests based on the achievement of certain performance conditions, primarily the achievement of a three-year cumulative revenue goal established at the grant date. The CEO of the Company has approved grants of restricted common stock to other executive officers and employees of the Company that vest over a specific service period and to other executive officers that vest based on the achievement of certain performance conditions, primarily the achievement of revenue growth and profit margins established at the grant date. The grant of awards with performance conditions supports the Company’s goal of aligning executive incentives with long-term stockholder value and ensuring that executive officers have a continuing stake in the long-term success of the Company.
The vesting of restricted common stock is subject to continuing employment requirements. Certain performance-based restricted common stock awards are also subject to a market condition such that the actual number of shares that vest at the end of the respective three-year period is determined based on the Company’s achievement of performance goals and an established Company specific TSR factor relative to the S&P 500 Index over the same three-year performance period. At the end of the three-year performance period, if the performance condition is achieved at or above the pre-established threshold, the number of shares earned is further adjusted by a TSR payout percentage, which ranges between 80 % and 120 %, based on the Company’s TSR performance relative to that of S&P 500 Index over the respective three-year period.
The Company estimates the fair value of its performance-based restricted stock awards with market conditions on the date of grant using a Monte-Carlo simulation valuation model. This pricing model uses multiple simulations to evaluate the probability of achieving the market condition to calculate the fair value of the awards. Expense is only recorded for awards that
43

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

are expected to vest, net of estimated forfeitures. The assumptions used to estimate the fair value of performance-based restricted stock awards with market conditions were as follows:

  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2025 2024
Dividend yield 0   % 0   %
Expected volatility 31   % 34   %
Risk-free interest rate 4.2   % 4.5   %
Expected life (in years) 3 3
Weighted-average grant date fair value $ 85.29 $ 86.96

The expected dividend yield is determined based on the Company's past cash dividend history and anticipated future cash dividend payments. The Company has never declared nor paid any dividends on its common stock and does not anticipate paying any dividends on its common stock during the foreseeable future but intends to retain any earnings for future growth of its business. Expected volatility is calculated based on historical volatility of the daily closing price of the common stock of the companies within the S&P 500 Index over a period consistent with the expected life of the awards. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury rate with terms similar to the expected life of the awards. The expected life is consistent with the performance measurement period of the awards.
As of September 30, 2025, the Company determined that it was probable that at least the minimum performance goals associated with performance-based restricted stock awards with market conditions granted during 2023, 2024, and 2025 would be met by their forfeiture dates. As of September 30, 2025, the Company determined that it was probable that at least the minimum performance goals associated with performance-based restricted stock awards without market conditions granted during the first quarter of 2025 would be met by their forfeiture dates.
The following table presents stock-based compensation expense related to performance-based restricted stock awards for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 (in millions):

Three Months Ended
September 30, Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025 2024 2025 2024
Performance-based restricted stock awards without market conditions
$ 1.5   $ —   $ 3.5   $ —  
Performance-based restricted stock awards with market conditions
$ 3.3   $ 0.7   $ 7.1   $ 6.3  

As of September 30, 2025, the Company expects to record an aggregate stock-based compensation expense of approximately $ 43.1 million for performance-based restricted stock awards over the remainder of 2025 and in 2026, 2027, and 2028.
44

COSTAR GROUP, INC.
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)

The following table presents unvested restricted stock awards activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

Restricted Stock Awards — without Market Condition Restricted Stock Awards — with Market Condition
  Number of
Shares Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value per Share Number of
Shares Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value per Share
Unvested restricted stock awards at December 31, 2024 2,554,989   $ 76.19   733,200   $ 81.49  
Granted 2,293,972   $ 79.14   435,120   $ 85.29  
Vested ( 863,118 ) $ 74.35   ( 124,068 ) $ 71.19  
Canceled ( 238,382 ) $ 74.90   ( 48,252 ) $ 71.19  
Unvested restricted stock awards at September 30, 2025
3,747,461   $ 77.69   996,000   $ 84.93  

Restricted Stock Units
The following table presents unvested restricted stock units activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:

  Number of
Units Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value per Share
Unvested restricted stock units at December 31, 2024 23,532   $ 73.88  
Assumed in Matterport Acquisition 2,256,423   75.63  
Granted 65,087   87.36  
Vested ( 995,930 ) 75.60  
Canceled ( 226,322 ) 75.63  
Unvested restricted stock units at September 30, 2025
1,122,790   $ 76.30  

16.     SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The Company has evaluated subsequent events and transactions that occurred after the balance sheet date up to the date that the condensed consolidated financial statements were issued. Based upon this review, the Company did not identify any material subsequent events that required adjustment or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains “forward-looking statements,” including statements about our beliefs and expectations. There are many risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Potential factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those stated under the heading “Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward-Looking Statements” at the end of this Item 2, “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part I of our 2024 Form 10-K and “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II of this Report, as well as those described from time to time in our filings with the SEC.
All forward-looking statements are based on information available to us on the date of this filing, and we assume no obligation to update such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our 2024 Form 10-K, our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, other filings with the SEC, and the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in this Report.

Overview
CoStar Group is a leading provider of online real estate marketplaces, information, analytics, and 3D digital twin technology in the property markets, based on the numbers of unique visitors and site visits per month; provide more information, analytics, and marketing services than many of our competitors; offer the most comprehensive commercial real estate database available; and have the largest commercial real estate research department in the industry. We have created and compiled a standardized platform of real estate information and analytics and online marketplaces where industry professionals, consumers of commercial real estate, including apartments, and the related business communities, can continuously interact and facilitate transactions by efficiently accessing and exchanging accurate and standardized real estate-related information. Our service offerings span all property types, including office, retail, industrial, multifamily, land, mixed-use, and hospitality. We also offer online platforms that manage workflow and marketing for residential real estate agents and brokers and provide portals for homebuyers to view residential property listings.
We manage our business geographically in two operating segments, with our primary areas of measurement and decision-making being North America, which includes the U.S. and Canada, and International, which primarily includes Asia-Pacific, Europe, and Latin America.
Our services are typically distributed to our customers under subscription-based license agreements that generally renew automatically, a majority of which have a term of at least one year. Upon renewal, many of the subscription contract rates may change in accordance with contract provisions or as a result of contract renegotiations. To encourage customers to use our services regularly, we generally charge a fixed monthly amount for our subscription-based services rather than charging fees based on actual platform usage or number of paid clicks. Depending on the type of service, contract rates are generally based on the number of sites, number of users, organization size, the customer’s business focus, the customer's geographic location, the number of properties reported on or analyzed, the number and types of services to which a customer subscribes, the number of digital twins hosted, the number of properties a customer advertises, and the prominence and placement of a customer's advertised properties in the search results. Our subscription customers generally pay contract fees on a monthly basis, but in some cases may pay us on a quarterly or annual basis. Our transaction-based services primarily consist of (i) providing premium listings for individual properties on our marketplaces, (ii) providing data capture services to create digital twins, (iii) the sale of Matterport cameras and capture equipment, and (iv) an online auction platform for commercial real estate through Ten-X auction fees from our Ten-X online auction platform for commercial real estate.

Services
Our portfolio of information, analytics, online real estate m arketplaces, and 3D digital twin technology is branded and marketed to our customers and marketplace end users under the primary brands of CoStar ® , Apartments.com ® , LoopNet ® , Homes.com ® , Domain ® , OnTheMarket, Matterport ® , Land.com ® , and Ten-X ® . Our services are accessible via the internet and through our mobile applications. Our services are primarily derived from a databas e of building-specific information and offer customers specialized tools for accessing, analyzing, and using our information. Over time, we have enhanced and expanded, and we expect to continue to enhance and expand, our existing information, analytics, and online marketplaces. We have developed and we expect to continue to develop additional services leveraging our centralized database and 3D digital twin technology to meet the needs of our existing customers as well as potential new categories of customers.
46

Our principal services are described in the following paragraphs:
CoStar
CoStar is our subscription-based integrated platform for commercial real estate intelligence, which includes information about commercial real estate properties, properties for sale, comparable sales, tenants, space available for lease, industry professionals and their business relationships, industry news and market status and provides benchmarking for the hospitality industry, lease analytical capabilities, and risk management capabilities for lenders. CoStar's revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased compared to the revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, due to a lack of benefit from converting legacy STR customers to our new CoStar-based benchmarking product realized in 2024. We expect CoStar's revenue growth rate for the year ending December 31, 2025 to decrease compared to the revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2024, primarily due to a lack of benefit from convertin g legacy STR customers to our new CoStar-based benchmarking product realized in 2024.
Information Services
We provide real estate and lease management technology solutions, including lease administration, lease accounting, and transaction management through our CoStar Real Estate Manager and Visual Lease service offerings. Information Services' revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased compared to the revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily as a result of the Visual Lease Acquisition. We expect the Information Services revenue growth rate for the year ending December 31, 2025 to increase compared to the revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 as a result of the Visual Lease Acquisition.
Multifamily
Apartments.com is the flagship brand of our apartment marketing network of subscription-based advertising services and provides property management companies and landlords with a comprehensive advertising destination for their available rental units. In addition, it offers renters a platform for searching for available rentals. Multifamily's revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 moderated compared to the revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the impact in 2025 of pivoting the Apartments.com sales force to support the Homes.com product launch in 2024. We expect the Multifamily revenue growth rate for the year ending December 31, 2025 to moderate compared to the revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to the impact in 2025 of pivoting the Apartments.com sales force to support the Homes.com product launch in 2024.
LoopNet
Our LoopNet Network of commercial real estate websites offers subscription-based, online marketplace services that enable commercial property owners, landlords, and real estate agents working on their behalf to advertise properties for sale or for lease. Commercial real estate agents, buyers, and tenants use the LoopNet Network of online marketplace services to search for available property listings that meet their criteria. LoopNet's revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased compared to the revenue growth rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. We expect LoopNet's revenue growth rate for the year ending December 31, 2025 to increase compared to the revenue growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2024 due to an increase in the average revenue per listing, as well as an increase in the number of listings on our sites.
Residential
Homes.com offers real estate agents subscription memberships promoting the agent's home listings and profile on our websites. Homebuyers and real estate agents use Homes.com to find their dream homes using our proprietary research and neighborhood content combined with listing information. Domain is an Australian property listings platform that generates revenue by promoting listings of for sale and rental properties on its portals. OnTheMarket is a property portal in the U.K., which primarily hosts agents' listings on a subscription basis. Residential's revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the Domain Acquisition and an increase in the number of Homes.com memberships, partially offset by the discontinuation of certain products that were inconsistent with our long-term business strategy. We expect Residential's revenues for the year ending December 31, 2025 to increase compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 due to the Domain Acquisition and additional sales of our Homes.com memberships.
47

Other Revenues
Our other revenues include revenues from the Matterport Acquisition, our Land.com Network, BizBuySell Network, and Ten-X, an online auction platform for commercial real estate. Matterport primarily provides hosting services for its 3D digital twins on a subscription basis. Matterport also provides capture services of spatial data and other add-on services to existing subscription customers and sells 3D capture cameras and third-party capture devices to customers. The Land.com Network provides online marketplaces for rural lands for sale. Our BizBuySell Network provides online marketplaces for businesses and franchises for sale. Other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily due to the Matterport Acquisition. We expect other revenues for the year ending December 31, 2025 to increase compared to the year ended December 31, 2024 primarily due to the Matterport Acquisition.

Subscription-based Services
The majority of our revenue is generated from service offerings that are distributed to our customers under subscription-based agreements that typically renew automatically and have a term of at least one year. We recognize subscription revenues on a straight-line basis over the life of the contract.
For the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our annualized net new bookings of subscription-based services on all contracts were $84 million and $44 million, respectively. Net new bookings is calculated based on the annualized amount of change in our sales bookings resulting from new subscription-based contracts, changes to existing subscription-based contracts, and cancellations of subscription-based contracts for the period reported. Net new bookings is calculated on all subscription-based contracts without regard to contract term. Net new bookings is considered an operating metric that is an indicator of future subscription revenue growth and is also used as a metric of sales force productivity by us and investors. However, information regarding net new bookings is not comparable to, nor should it be substituted for, an analysis of our revenues over time. Revenues from our subscription-based contracts were approximately 92% and 96% of total revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in our percentage of subscription-based revenues is primarily due to Domain, which sells listings on its platforms on a transactional basis, as well as the transactional products and services sold by Matterport.
For the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, our contract renewal rates for existing company-wide CoStar Group subscription-based services for contracts with a term of at least one year were approximately 89% for each year, and, therefore, our cancellation rates for those services during the same periods were approximately 11%. Contract renewal rates are calculated on all subscription-based contracts with a term of at least one year. Our contract renewal rate is a quantitative measurement that is typically closely correlated with our revenue results. As a result, we believe that the rate may be a reliable indicator of short-term and long-term performance absent extraordinary circumstances. Our trailing 12-month contract renewal rate may decline as a result of negative economic conditions, consolidations among our customers, reductions in customer spending or decreases in our customer base. Revenues from our subscription-based contracts with a term of at least one year were approximately 75% and 80% of total revenues for three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The decrease in the percentage of revenues from our subscription-based contracts with a term of at least one year is primarily due to Domain, which sells listings on its platforms on a transactional basis, as well as the transactional products and services sold by Matterport.