SEC EDGAR · 10-K
10-K – 2026-02-24 – fcnca-20251231.htm
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Omsättning
- • Corporate includes Direct Bank, a nationwide digital bank. | • Corporate includes interest income on investment securities and interest-earning deposits at banks; interest expense for borrowings, Direct Bank deposits, and brokered deposits; as well as funds transfer pricing allocations. Noninterest income includes gains or losses on sales of investment securities; fair value adjustments on marketable equity securities; and income from bank-owned life insurance. Personnel costs in Corporate includes the personnel costs not allocated to the segments. Corpor
- The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is responsible for evaluating mergers and acquisitions under the federal antitrust laws, and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) is responsible for evaluating nonbank acquisitions by a banking organization under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (“HSR Act”). Under the BHCA and BMA, mergers and acquisitions by BancShares are subject to a waiting period of 30-days unless the U.S. Attorney General consents to a shorter waiting period or the
- The U.S. Congress, federal and state regulators, as well as regulators outside the United States, have implemented or are considering implementing data protection laws or regulations, which could create new individual privacy rights and impose increased obligations on companies handling personal information, impacting our data security- and privacy-related internal controls and risk profile. For example, regulations were promulgated for the India Digital Personal Data Protection Act where we hav
- BancShares’ insurance activities are subject to licensing and regulation by state insurance regulatory agencies. Insurance regulatory authorities generally have broad administrative powers with respect to, among other things: licensing companies and agents to transact business; establishing statutory capital and reserve requirements and the solvency standards that must be met and maintained; regulating certain premium rates; reviewing and approving policy forms; regulating unfair trade and claim
- • difficulties, inefficiencies, or cost overruns associated with the integration of operations, personnel, technologies, services, and products of acquired companies with ours; | • inability to realize the expected revenue increases, cost savings, increases in geographic or product presence, and/or other projected benefits; | • potential disruption to our business; and
- The process of eliminating banks as intermediaries, known as “disintermediation,” could result in the loss of fee income, as well as the loss of customer deposits and the related income generated from those deposits. The loss of these revenue streams and the lower cost deposits as a source of funds could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
- The Parent Company is a separate legal entity from FCB, but the Parent Company derives most of its revenue and cash flow from dividends paid by FCB. These dividends are the primary source from which the Parent Company returns capital to stockholders, whether through the payment of dividends on its common and preferred stock or the repurchase of shares pursuant to a share repurchase program (“SRP”). In addition, these dividends are the primary source for paying interest and principal on its debt
- As a human capital-intensive business, our success largely depends on our ability to attract and retain qualified executive officers and management, financial, compliance, technical, operations, risk management, sales, and support employees. Attracting and retaining key employees is of heightened importance due to the significant expansion of the size, geographic reach and operational scope of our business that has occurred in connection with merger and acquisition transactions.
Återkommande intäkter
- Other noninterest income – This consists of several forms of recurring revenue, such as FHLB dividends and BOLI income. For the remaining transactions, revenue is recognized when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Other items include derivative gains and losses, gain on sales of other assets including OREO, fixed assets and loans, and non-marketable securities, and income from investment tax credit benefits.
Periodens resultat
- If such events occur, our levels of nonperforming assets and charge-offs may increase, and we may be required to increase our ALLL through additional provisions on our income statement, which would reduce reported net income and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.
- Our results of operations and cash flows are highly dependent upon net interest income (“NII”). Interest rates are highly sensitive to many factors that are beyond our control, including general economic and market conditions and policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, particularly the actions of the Federal Reserve’s Federal Open Market Committee (“FOMC”). Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, could influence interest income, interest expense, and th
- The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC periodically modify the standards governing the preparation of our financial statements. The nature of these changes is not predictable and has impacted and could further impact how we record transactions in our financial statements, which has led to and could lead to material changes in assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity, revenues, expenses and net income. Implementation of new accounting rules or standards could additionally
- Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Although certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform with financial statement presentations for 2025, the reclassifications had no effect on stockholders’ equity or net income as previously reported. Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.
- Income tax expense 765 815 611 | Net income 2,206 2,777 11,466 | Preferred stock dividends 57 61 59
- Preferred stock dividends 57 61 59 | Net income available to common stockholders $ 2,149 $ 2,716 $ 11,407
- Income Statement Highlights | • Net income for the current year was $2.21 billion, a decrease of $571 million or 21%, from $2.78 billion for the prior year. Net income available to common stockholders for the current year was $2.15 billion, a decrease of $567 million or 21%, from $2.72 billion for the prior year. Earnings per diluted common share for the current year was $165.24, a decrease from $189.41 for the prior year. The decrease in net income and net income available to common stockholders was due to lower NII, higher | • NII for the current year was $6.81 billion, a decrease of $329 million or 5%, from $7.14 billion for the prior year. NIM for the current year was 3.25%, a decrease of 29 bps, from 3.54% for the prior year. The decreases in NII and NIM were mainly due to lower yields on loans, lower average balance and yields on interest-earning deposits at banks, and lower PAA, partially offset by the impacts of a decline in the rate paid on interest-bearing deposits and a higher average balance of loans and i
- • Income tax expense for the current year was $765 million, a decrease of $50 million, from $815 million for the prior year, largely due to lower income before income taxes. | • Return on average assets for the current year was 0.96%, compared to 1.26% for the prior year due to the decrease in net income explained above .
Kassaflöde
- The Parent Company is a separate legal entity from FCB, but the Parent Company derives most of its revenue and cash flow from dividends paid by FCB. These dividends are the primary source from which the Parent Company returns capital to stockholders, whether through the payment of dividends on its common and preferred stock or the repurchase of shares pursuant to a share repurchase program (“SRP”). In addition, these dividends are the primary source for paying interest and principal on its debt
- Our level of indebtedness has increased by virtue of the Purchase Money Note, and the debt offerings we consummated in 2025. We also issued perpetual preferred equity in 2025 and 2026. In 2023, the federal banking agencies released an NPR, which would require large banks with total consolidated assets of $100 billion or more to maintain a minimum amount of long-term debt that can be used, in the instance of a bank’s failure, to absorb losses and increase options to resolve the failed bank. Howev
- Real estate secured loans | Our CRE portfolio comprises the vast majority of the real estate industry loans in the table above, which is based on the industry of the obligor. Additionally, we have CRE and owner occupied commercial mortgage loans that are secured by real estate, but are categorized in other industries in the table above. At December 31, 2025, the combined balances of our CRE and owner occupied commercial mortgage loans were $41.44 billion, or 34% of commercial loans and leases, compared to $40.12 billion or
- ASU 2025-09—Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815)—Hedge Accounting Improvements Issued November 2025 This ASU clarified certain aspects of hedge accounting to better reflect the economics of risk management activities. For example, this ASU eliminated the requirement that a group of interest payments be based on the same index in order to be hedged as a group, and provided more flexibility for grouping transactions with similar risks for cash flow hedges. This ASU is effective for annual reporting
- Net unrealized gain on cash flow hedge derivatives 6 8 — | Other comprehensive income, net of tax $ 528 $ 46 $ 244
- dollars in millions 2025 2024 2023 | SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION | Cash paid during the period for:
- Investor dependent - growth stage Investor dependent | Innovation C&I and cash flow dependent Commercial and industrial
- Non-owner occupied commercial mortgage consists of loans to purchase or refinance investment nonresidential properties. This includes office buildings and other facilities rented or leased to unrelated parties, as well as farmland and multifamily properties. The primary risk associated with income producing commercial mortgage loans is the ability of the income-producing property that collateralizes the loan to produce adequate cash flow to service the debt. While these loans are collateralized
Nettoskuld
- Other operating activities ( 68 ) 1 ( 21 ) | Net cash provided by operating activities 2,923 2,988 2,660 | CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
- Other investing activities ( 806 ) ( 473 ) 208 | Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 5,611 ) ( 10,155 ) 2,429 | CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
- Other financing activities — ( 14 ) ( 7 ) | Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 2,675 7,073 ( 4,699 )
- Impairment of Operating Lease Equipment | A review for impairment of our operating lease equipment is performed at least annually or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these long-lived assets may not be recoverable. Impairment of long-lived assets is determined by comparing the carrying amount to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated. If a long-lived asset is impaired, the impairment is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset.
- Other operating activities 2 3 — | Net cash provided by operating activities 1,567 2,157 308 | INVESTING ACTIVITIES
- Other investing activities ( 359 ) ( 23 ) — | Net cash used in investing activities ( 161 ) ( 210 ) ( 2 ) | FINANCING ACTIVITIES
- Other financing activities — ( 13 ) ( 6 ) | Net cash used in financing activities ( 1,250 ) ( 1,837 ) ( 225 ) | Net change in cash and due from banks 156 110 81
Eget kapital
- Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025 | 100
- The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and the SEC periodically modify the standards governing the preparation of our financial statements. The nature of these changes is not predictable and has impacted and could further impact how we record transactions in our financial statements, which has led to and could lead to material changes in assets, liabilities, stockholders’ equity, revenues, expenses and net income. Implementation of new accounting rules or standards could additionally
- Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Although certain amounts for prior years have been reclassified to conform with financial statement presentations for 2025, the reclassifications had no effect on stockholders’ equity or net income as previously reported. Refer to Note 1—Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation.
- Preferred Stock Issuances | On November 18, 2025, the Parent Company issued and sold 7.000% non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series D, for a total of $500 million. In February 2026, the Parent Company issued and sold 6.625% non-cumulative perpetual preferred stock, series E for a total of $400 million. Refer to Note 15—Stockholders' Equity for further information, including depositary shares and liquidation preference.
- Total borrowings 38,061 37,399 31,843 | Total stockholders’ equity 22,357 22,297 17,937
- Total borrowings 36,008 37,051 37,654 | Total stockholders’ equity 22,238 22,228 21,255 | Loan to deposit ratio 91.55 % 90.33 % 91.39 %
- Noninterest-bearing liabilities $ 49,380 $ 48,599 $ 781 2 | Stockholders' equity 22,357 22,297 60 — | Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 229,266 $ 219,800 $ 9,466 4
- Stockholders' equity 22,357 22,297 60 — | Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity $ 229,266 $ 219,800 $ 9,466 4
Antal aktier
- Under the 2025 SRP, shares of BancShares’ Class A common stock may be purchased from time to time on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including through a Rule 10b5-1 plan, but the Board’s action does not obligate BancShares to repurchase any minimum or particular number of shares, and repurchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time (subject to the terms of any Rule 10b5-1 plan in effect) without prior notice.
- dollars in millions, except per share data Total Number of Class A Shares Purchased Average Price Paid per Share Total Number of Shares Repurchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plan Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under Plan
- Per Common Share Information: | Weighted average common shares outstanding (diluted) 13,002,455 14,342,655 14,539,613 | Diluted earnings per common share $ 165.24 $ 189.41 $ 784.51
- Year Ended December 31, 2025 | Class A common stock shares outstanding at beginning of period 12,712,436 | Shares repurchased under authorized repurchase plan (1,578,462)
- Class A common stock shares outstanding at end of period 11,133,974
- BancShares’ 2025 SRP allows BancShares to repurchase shares of its Class A common stock through 2026. BancShares is not obligated under the 2025 SRP to repurchase any minimum or particular number of shares, and repurchases may be suspended or discontinued at any time (subject to the terms of any Rule 10b5-1 plan in effect) without prior notice. The authorization to repurchase Class A common stock pursuant to the 2025 SRP will be utilized at management’s discretion. The actual timing and amount o
- Diluted $ 165.24 $ 189.41 $ 784.51 | Weighted average common shares outstanding | Basic 13,002,455 14,341,872 14,527,902
- Per Share Data | Earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of Class A common stock, par value $ 1 (“Class A common stock”), and Class B common stock, par value $ 1 (“Class B common stock”), outstanding during each period. Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding increased by the weighted-average potential impact
Antal anställda
- ** Information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the headings or captions ‘Committees of our Boards—Compensation Committee Report;’ and ‘—Effect of Risk Management on Compensation;’ ‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis;’ ‘Executive Compensation;’ and ‘Director Compensation’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement. | *** Information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the captions ‘Beneficial Ownership of Our Equity Securities—Directors and Executive Officers,’ ‘—Pledging Policy—Existing Pledge Arrangements,’ and ‘—Principal Stockholders’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement. As of December 31, 2025, the Registrant did not have any compensation plans under which equity securities of the Registrant are authorized for issuance to employees or directors to report | **** Information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the headings or captions ‘Corporate Governance—Director Independence’ and ‘Transactions with Related Persons’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement.
- Human Capital | As of December 31, 2025, BancShares employed approximately 17,876 full-time staff and approximately 265 part-time staff for a total of 18,141 employees.
- Anti-Money Laundering & Economic Sanctions | FCB and certain of our other subsidiaries are subject to the BSA and subsequent laws and regulations, including USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 (the “Patriot Act”), that require financial institutions to take steps to prevent the use of their systems to facilitate the flow of illegal or illicit money or terrorist funds, including AML compliance programs, and to report certain activity to the government. The BSA, which is administered by the U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, also requires covere
- ▪ Certain provisions in our Certificate of Incorporation, Bylaws and certain statutes and regulations and the current composition of our stockholders may make it more difficult for a third party to change our management or acquire control of us, even if stockholders might consider the change in management or change in control to be in their best interests. | ▪ Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or, if such court lacks jurisdiction, the federal district court of the District of Delaware, will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders. This could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees or stockholders. | ▪ The Parent Company relies on dividends from FCB for returning capital to stockholders, paying dividends on its common and preferred stock and servicing its debt obligations, and FCB’s ability to pay the Parent Company dividends may be restricted.
- ▪ A cyberattack, information or security breach, or a technology outage of ours or of a third-party could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business, manage our exposure to risk or result in the disclosure or misuse of confidential customer or employee data or proprietary information, and increase our costs to maintain and enhance our operational and security systems and infrastructure. Such an event or resource expenditures could adversely impact our results of operations, liquidity a | ▪ We depend on the effectiveness and integrity of employees, and the systems and controls for which they are responsible, to manage operational risks. | ▪ We are subject to litigation and other legal liability risks, and our expenses related to such risks may adversely affect our results.
- ▪ We may be adversely affected by changes in United States and foreign tax laws and other tax laws and regulations. | ▪ We are subject to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) risks, which may adversely affect our reputation and ability to retain employees and customers, and failure to comply with applicable regulations could have an adverse affect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
- • potential disruption to our business; and | • the possible loss of key executive officers, employees and customers.
- Our Bylaws provide that, unless we consent in writing to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or, if such court lacks jurisdiction, the federal district court of the District of Delaware, will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders. This could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees or stockholders.
Fulltext
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Commission File Number: 001-16715 First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 56-1528994 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 4300 Six Forks Road Raleigh North Carolina 27609 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code) (919) 716-7000 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) ____________________________________________________ Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Class A Common Stock, Par Value $1 FCNCA Nasdaq Global Select Market Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of 5.375% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A FCNCP Nasdaq Global Select Market 5.625% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series C FCNCO Nasdaq Global Select Market Depository Shares, Each Representing 1/40th Interest in a Share of 6.625% Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series E FCNCN Nasdaq Global Select Market Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934: Class B Common Stock, Par Value $1 Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and ‘emerging growth company’ in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒ If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was $ 17,263,599,044 . On February 13, 2026, there were 10,931,991 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Class A Common Stock and 1,005,185 outstanding shares of the Registrant’s Class B Common Stock. DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE Portions of the Registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report. CONTENTS Page PART I Item 1 Business 4 Item 1A Risk Factors 18 Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments None Item 1C Cybersecurity 37 Item 2 Properties 38 Item 3 Legal Proceedings 38 Item 4 Mine Safety Disclosures N/A PART II Item 5 M arket for Registrant ’ s Common Equity , Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities 39 Item 6 Reserved 40 Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 41 Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 91 Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data 92 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm 92 Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 95 Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2025 and 2024 97 Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025 98 Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025 99 Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025 100 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2025 101 Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 103 Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure None Item 9A Controls and Procedures 175 Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting 175 Item 9B Other Information 176 Item 9C Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspection None PART III Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance * Item 11 Executive Compensation ** Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters *** Item 13 Certain Relationships and Related Transactions and Director Independence **** Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services 176 PART IV Item 15 Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules 177 (1) Financial Statements (see Item 8 for reference) (2) All Financial Statement Schedules normally required for Form 10-K are omitted since they are not applicable, except as referred to in Item 8. (3) The Exhibits listed on the Exhibit Index contained in this Form 10-K are filed with or furnished to the Commission or incorporated by reference into this report and are available upon written request. Item 16 Form 10-K Summary None Signatures 179 *Information required by Item 10 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the headings or captions ‘Proposal 1: Election of Directors,’ ‘Beneficial Ownership of our Equity Securities—Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports,’ ‘Corporate Governance—Service on Other Public Company Boards,’ ‘—Code of Ethics’ and ‘—Insider Trading Policy;’ ‘Committees of our Boards—Audit Committee;’ and ‘Executive Officers’ from the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2026 Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of the end of the Registrant’s fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K. ** Information required by Item 11 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the headings or captions ‘Committees of our Boards—Compensation Committee Report;’ and ‘—Effect of Risk Management on Compensation;’ ‘Compensation Discussion and Analysis;’ ‘Executive Compensation;’ and ‘Director Compensation’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement. *** Information required by Item 12 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the captions ‘Beneficial Ownership of Our Equity Securities—Directors and Executive Officers,’ ‘—Pledging Policy—Existing Pledge Arrangements,’ and ‘—Principal Stockholders’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement. As of December 31, 2025, the Registrant did not have any compensation plans under which equity securities of the Registrant are authorized for issuance to employees or directors to report in the Equity Compensation Plan Information table pursuant to Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K. **** Information required by Item 13 is incorporated herein by reference to the information that appears under the headings or captions ‘Corporate Governance—Director Independence’ and ‘Transactions with Related Persons’ of the 2026 Proxy Statement. 2 GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS The following is a list of select abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this document. You may find it helpful to refer back to this table. Acronym Definition Acronym Definition AHFS Assets Held for Sale IDI Insured Depository Institutions AI Artificial Intelligence ISDA International Swaps and Derivatives Association ALLL Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses LGD Loss Given Default AOCI Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income LOCOM Lower of Cost or Fair Value APIC Additional Paid-in Capital LP Limited Partner ASC Accounting Standards Codification MD&A Management’s Discussion and Analysis ASU Accounting Standards Update MSRs Mortgage Servicing Rights BHC Bank Holding Company NAV Net Asset Value bp or bps Basis point(s); 1 bp = 0.01% NDFI Non-Depository Financial Institution CET1 Common Equity Tier 1 Risk-based Capital NII Net Interest Income CFPB Consumer Financial Protection Bureau NII Sensitivity Net Interest Income Sensitivity CIT CIT Group Inc. NIM Net Interest Margin CODM Chief Operating Decision Maker NPR Notice of Proposed Rulemaking CRA Community Reinvestment Act OCC Office of the Comptroller of the Currency CRE Commercial Real Estate OBBBA One Big Beautiful Bill Act DIF Deposit Insurance Fund OREO Other Real Estate Owned DPA Deferred Purchase Agreement PAA Purchase Accounting Accretion or Amortization DTAs Deferred Tax Assets PAM Proportional Amortization Method ETR Effective Income Tax Rate PCA Prompt Corrective Action EVE Sensitivity Economic Value of Equity Sensitivity PCD Purchased Credit Deteriorated FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board PD Probability of Obligor Default FCB First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company ROU Right of Use FDIC Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation RWA Risk-weighted Assets Federal Reserve Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System SBA Small Business Administration FHLB Federal Home Loan Bank SEC Securities and Exchange Commission FOMC Federal Open Market Committee SOFR Secured Overnight Financing Rate FRB Federal Reserve Bank SRP Share Repurchase Program GAAP United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles SVB Silicon Valley Bank GDP Gross Domestic Product SVBB Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A. HLBVM Hypothetical Liquidation at Book Value Method TMT Technology Media and Telecommunications HPI Home Price Index UPB Unpaid Principal Balance HQLS High-Quality Liquid Securities VIE Variable Interest Entities 3 PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION Item 1. Business General First Citizens BancShares, Inc. (the “Parent Company” and when including all of its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, “BancShares,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated under the laws of Delaware on August 7, 1986, to become the holding company of First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company (“FCB”), its banking subsidiary. FCB opened in 1898 as the Bank of Smithfield in Smithfield, North Carolina, and later changed its name to First-Citizens Bank & Trust Company. BancShares has expanded through de novo branching and acquisitions and as of December 31, 2025, operates an extensive network of branches and offices, predominantly located in the Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, and Western United States, providing a broad range of financial services to individuals, businesses and professionals. At December 31, 2025, BancShares had total consolidated assets of $229.70 billion. Throughout its history, the operations of BancShares have been significantly influenced by descendants of Robert P. Holding, who came to control FCB during the 1920s. Robert P. Holding’s children and grandchildren have served as members of the Board of Directors of BancShares (the “Board”) and of the Board of Directors of FCB (collectively with the Board of BancShares, the “Boards”), as chief executive officers and in other executive management positions and, since BancShares’ formation in 1986, have remained stockholders owning a large percentage of its common stock. The Chairman of the Boards and Chief Executive Officer, Frank B. Holding, Jr., is the grandson of Robert P. Holding. Hope Holding Bryant, Vice Chairwoman of the Boards, is Robert P. Holding’s granddaughter. Peter M. Bristow, President and member of the Boards, is the brother-in-law of Frank B. Holding, Jr. and Hope Holding Bryant. BancShares provides financial services for a wide range of consumer and commercial clients. BancShares offers deposit products, loans, and wealth management and private banking services to consumer clients. BancShares provides lending, leasing, capital markets and other financial and advisory services, to small and middle-market companies across a variety of industries. Additionally, BancShares provides a full suite of financial products and services to private equity firms, venture capital firms, and commercial clients in innovation markets, such as technology, life sciences and healthcare industries. BancShares also provides deposit, cash management and lending to homeowner associations and property management companies and owns a fleet of railcars and locomotives that are leased to railroads and shippers. BancShares delivers banking products and services to its customers through an extensive branch network and additionally operates a nationwide digital banking platform that delivers deposit products to consumers (the “Direct Bank”). Services offered at most branches include accepting deposits, cashing checks and providing for consumer and commercial cash needs. Consumer and business customers may also conduct banking transactions through various digital channels. In addition to our banking operations, we provide various investment products and services through FCB’s wholly owned subsidiaries, including First Citizens Investor Services, Inc. (“FCIS”), First Citizens Asset Management, Inc. (“FCAM”), First Citizens Delaware Trust Company, and a non-bank subsidiary, First Citizens Capital Securities, LLC (“FCCS”). As a registered broker-dealer, FCIS provides a full range of investment products, including annuities, brokerage services and third-party mutual funds. As registered investment advisers, FCIS and FCAM provide investment management services and advice. FCCS is a broker-dealer that also provides underwriting and private placement services. We also have other wholly owned subsidiaries, including SVB Wealth LLC, SVB Asset Management, and First Citizens Institutional Asset Management, LLC, which are active investment advisers. Information regarding our business activities and operations is found in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. 4 Business Combinations In addition to organically growing our business, BancShares has historically pursued growth through strategic mergers and acquisitions to enhance organizational value, strengthen its presence in existing markets, as well as expand its footprint in new markets. On October 16, 2025, FCB announced that it had entered into an agreement to consummate the acquisition of 138 branches from BMO Bank N.A. located throughout the Midwest, Great Plains and West regions of the U.S. (the “BMO Branch Acquisition”). In connection with the BMO Branch Acquisition, FCB expects to assume approximately $5.7 billion in deposit liabilities and acquire approximately $1.1 billion in loans. We expect the transaction to close in the second half of 2026, subject to customary closing terms and conditions and regulatory approvals. On March 27, 2023, FCB acquired substantially all loans and certain other assets and assumed all customer deposits and certain other liabilities of Silicon Valley Bridge Bank, N.A. (“SVBB”) from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) pursuant to the terms of a purchase and assumption agreement by and among FCB, the FDIC, and the FDIC, as receiver of SVBB (the “SVBB Acquisition”). SVBB was established following the closure of the former Silicon Valley Bank. BancShares maintains the Silicon Valley Bank brand as Silicon Valley Bank, a division of FCB. For further discussion, refer to Note 2—Business Combinations of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Segments As of December 31, 2025, our reportable segments included the General Bank, the Commercial Bank, and Rail. All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in the Corporate section of the segment disclosures. We made the following changes to our segment reporting during 2025 (the “Segment Reporting Updates”): • All components previously reported in the Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) Commercial segment and certain components of the General Bank segment were consolidated into the Commercial Bank segment. • We made minor updates to our segment expense allocations. Segment disclosures for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 included in this Form 10-K were recast to conform with the Segment Reporting Updates summarized above. SEGMENT MARKETS AND SERVICES General Bank • Delivers services to individuals and businesses through an extensive branch network and various digital channels offering a full suite of deposit products, loans (primarily business/commercial loans and residential mortgages), wealth management and private banking, and various fee-based services. • Offers a range of private banking and wealth management solutions to consumers, including private equity and venture capital professionals and executive leaders of the innovation companies they support. • Provides a variety of wealth management products and services to individuals and institutional clients, including brokerage, investment advisory, and trust services. • Provides deposit, cash management and lending solutions to homeowner associations and property management companies. Commercial Bank • Provides lending, leasing, capital markets and other financial and advisory services, primarily to small and middle-market companies across a variety of industries. • Offers a full suite of commercial deposit, liquidity management, and international products to commercial clients. • Provides a full suite of financial products and services to private equity firms, venture capital firms, and commercial clients in innovation markets, such as technology, life sciences and healthcare industries. • Provides asset-based lending, factoring, receivables management and secured financing services. Rail • Provides equipment leasing and secured financing to railroads and shippers. Corporate (1) • Earning assets primarily include investment securities and interest-earning deposits at banks. • Corporate includes Direct Bank, a nationwide digital bank. • Corporate includes interest income on investment securities and interest-earning deposits at banks; interest expense for borrowings, Direct Bank deposits, and brokered deposits; as well as funds transfer pricing allocations. Noninterest income includes gains or losses on sales of investment securities; fair value adjustments on marketable equity securities; and income from bank-owned life insurance. Personnel costs in Corporate includes the personnel costs not allocated to the segments. Corporate includes acquisition-related expenses and certain items related to accounting for business combinations, such as gains on acquisitions, day 2 provisions for credit losses, discount accretion income for certain acquired loans, and the offsetting impacts of noninterest expense allocated to the segments. (1) All other financial information not included in the segments is reported in “Corporate.” Reportable segments are discussed further in the “Results by Segments” section of Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Note 21—Segment Information of Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. 5 Competition The financial services industry is highly competitive and continues to evolve as a result of changes in regulation, technology, product delivery systems, the accelerating pace of consolidation among financial service providers, and the general market and economic climate. BancShares competes with national, regional and local financial services providers. In recent years, the ability of non-bank financial entities to provide services previously limited to commercial banks has intensified competition. Non-bank financial service providers are not subject to the same significant regulatory restrictions as traditional commercial banks and, as such, can often operate with greater flexibility and lower cost structures. More than ever, customers have the ability to select from a variety of traditional and nontraditional alternatives. Competition is based on a number of factors including, among others, customer service, quality and range of products and services offered, price, reputation, interest rates on loans and deposits and customer convenience. Our non-bank services compete with other insurance companies, investment firms and brokerage firms. FCB’s largest notable concentration of deposits by market share as of June 30, 2025 were in North Carolina (including our nationwide Direct Bank deposits) and South Carolina at 11.8% and 9.5%, respectively, which makes FCB the third largest bank in North Carolina and the fourth largest bank in South Carolina based on deposit market share according to the FDIC Deposit Market Share Report. The two banks larger than FCB based on deposits in North Carolina were Bank of America and Truist Bank which collectively held 63.1% of North Carolina deposits. The three banks larger than FCB based on deposits in South Carolina were Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Truist Bank which collectively held 39.1% of South Carolina deposits. Geographic Locations As of December 31, 2025, FCB had more than 500 total domestic branches and offices, which included 209 in North Carolina, 119 in South Carolina, and 72 in California. As of December 31, 2025, BancShares operated branches in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Refer to the “Risk Management—Concentration Risk—Concentration” section in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for information on our commercial and consumer loan concentrations by state. Human Capital As of December 31, 2025, BancShares employed approximately 17,876 full-time staff and approximately 265 part-time staff for a total of 18,141 employees. Our ability to attract, retain, and develop associates is critical to our success. We strive to ensure we have the right talent in the right jobs and with the right skills to fulfill our strategic objectives. Our vision is realized by cultivating a foundation that includes both a strong business strategy and a unified culture. A relationship-based, client-centered, and long-term focused approach supports our strategic objectives and reinforces a culture that prioritizes shared values and behaviors. These unwavering commitments position us to support our clients, colleagues, and communities in pursuing their greatest ambitions. Our client-centric approach has always been the bedrock of who we are, building deep and lasting relationships that prioritize the client experience. Our long-term focus allows us to make strategic decisions and investments designed to build long-term value and stability for all stakeholders, while skillfully managing risk along the way. Our human resources team works to identify and deploy the critical talent needed to support our strategic objectives and our unified culture. We attract and retain talent by offering learning and development opportunities, internal career mobility, a comprehensive total rewards package, and a welcoming values-based culture. In addition, our human resources team monitors and evaluates various metrics, specifically around attraction, retention, and development of talent. Our annual voluntary turnover remained below the financial services industry benchmark through December 2025. We believe this reflects our strong corporate culture, competitive compensation and benefits structure, and commitment to career development. Inclusion We value diversity in people, in the markets we serve, and in the products and services we offer. We seek individuals with varied backgrounds because we understand that our differences contribute to a diversity of thought that enhances associate and customer relationships and propels innovation in our products and services. As a relationship-based culture, we believe it is important that associates feel respected, included and valued and that we provide access to resources and opportunities that support long-term success for the business and our associates. 6 At BancShares, we also prioritize creating connections, helping our clients achieve their goals, fostering a culture of belonging, and promoting educational and engagement opportunities to deepen relationships across the company. To further these efforts, we support a variety of programs that help create an inclusive workplace culture, attract and retain the best available talent, enrich both associate and customer experiences, and achieve key business objectives. Associate Well-Being At BancShares, a strong focus on our associates’ well-being is part of our culture and integral to our total rewards philosophy. Recognizing that well-being is an individual journey, our benefits program has been thoughtfully designed to provide associates with options in five well-being dimensions – physical, financial, emotional, social, and community. Supporting the health and well-being of our associates, BancShares offers benefits that include, but are not limited to: • medical plan options that include telehealth, dental and vision plan options, and wellness programs; • a 401(k) plan, flexible spending accounts, life and accidental death and dismemberment insurance, short-term and long-term disability coverage, numerous voluntary coverages, and discount programs; • paid time off and other time away such as holidays, parental leave, and volunteer leave; and • a comprehensive mental health and well-being offering. Regulatory Considerations BancShares is a bank holding company (“BHC”) that is subject to laws and regulations that govern its operations and impact the products and services it may offer, the risks that it may take, the corporate and financial actions it may take, and the information it must publicly disclose. In connection with those laws and regulations, BancShares is subject to regulation, supervision and periodic examination by supervisory authorities, including the FDIC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”), the Federal Reserve Bank (the “FRB”), and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”). FCB, as a North Carolina state-charted bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve, is also subject to the laws and regulations of North Carolina and supervision by the North Carolina Office of the Commissioner of Banks, as well as other state laws and state regulators in the states in which FCB operates. BancShares, as a publicly traded company, is also subject to disclosure and reporting requirements under Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and Nasdaq Stock Market (“Nasdaq”) continued listing standards, as well as rules pertaining to governance and corporate actions. Certain of BancShares’ subsidiaries are also subject to additional supervision and regulation, as discussed below, and FCB and certain of our other subsidiaries are subject to laws and regulations that govern their trust and other fiduciary activities. Banking laws, regulations, and policies are continually under review by the U.S. Congress, state legislatures, and federal and state regulatory agencies. In addition to laws and regulations, state and federal bank regulatory agencies may issue policy statements, interpretive letters, and similar written guidance applicable to BancShares. Regulations applicable to banking organizations generally serve to protect depositors and other customers, the Deposit Insurance Fund (the “DIF”), the broader economy, and the stability of the U.S. financial system. Certain other laws and regulations, including those administered by the CFPB, are focused on consumer financial protection. In addition, disclosure and reporting requirements under SEC rules and regulations primarily aim to protect investors and securities markets. BancShares expects that its business will remain subject to extensive regulation and supervision. Examinations by banking regulators consider compliance with applicable laws and regulations and evaluate against certain enhanced prudential standards, as discussed below. Following examinations, banking organizations may receive supervisory findings or ultimately be assigned supervisory ratings. Examination reports and supervisory ratings, as well as mandatory or discretionary actions by regulators under the applicable supervisory framework, could significantly impact a banking organization’s operations or result in substantial monetary penalties. In the fall of 2025, the FDIC issued proposed rules, and the Federal Reserve announced new supervisory operating principals, each of which are intended to focus bank examiners on issues that may present material financial risks that threaten the safety and soundness of banking organizations and on taking timely, proportionate action to address those risks. The Federal Reserve’s new supervisory operating principles are also intended to reduce duplication between examinations by other federal and state banking regulators and streamline the remediation of supervisory issues. The following discussion is a high-level summary of the material laws and regulations that apply to BancShares, but the summary is not intended to be exhaustive or describe all of the laws, regulations and policies that apply to BancShares. 7 Enhanced Prudential Standards BancShares is subject to certain enhanced prudential standards as a BHC with over $100 billion in consolidated assets under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, as amended (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), in addition to the prudential standards required under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (the “BHCA”), and the implementing regulations promulgated thereunder. Under the Dodd-Frank Act, certain enhanced prudential standards are mandatory for banking organizations with $250 billion or more in total consolidated assets, as well as nonbank financial companies that are designated as systemically important financial institutions by the Financial Stability Oversight Council and subject to regulation and supervision by the Federal Reserve. Pursuant to authorization under the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act of 2018, the Federal Reserve, along with the FDIC and the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”), adopted tailoring rules (the “Tailoring Rules”) for the applicability of enhanced prudential standards to banking organizations with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets, which apply to holding companies of FDIC-insured depository institutions (“IDIs”) and their subsidiary depository institutions. The Parent Company and FCB are currently subject to certain enhanced prudential standards as further described below. Tailoring Rules . Under the Tailoring Rules, the Federal Reserve groups banking organizations into four categories based on total consolidated assets, off-balance sheet exposure, nonbank assets, weighted short-term wholesale funding, and cross-jurisdictional activities. Category I banking organizations, which are the U.S. Globally Systemically Important Banks (“GSIBs”), are subject to the most stringent enhanced prudential requirements, and Category IV banking organizations (i.e., those that have between $100 billion and $250 billion in total consolidated assets, and less than $75 billion in nonbank assets, off-balance sheet exposure, cross-jurisdictional activities, and weighted short-term wholesale funding) are subject to the least stringent enhanced prudential requirements. Category II banking organizations have $700 billion or more in total consolidated assets, or $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets and $75 billion or more in cross-jurisdictional activities, and are not GSIBs. Category III banking organizations have $250 billion or more in total consolidated assets, or $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets and $75 billion or more in weighted short-term wholesale funding, nonbank assets, or off-balance sheet exposure, and do not meet the criteria for Category I or II banking organizations. BancShares is subject to the enhanced prudential standards under the Tailoring Rules as a Category IV banking organization. The enhanced prudential standards that apply to BancShares include, but are not limited to, enhanced enterprise risk management and liquidity management requirements, supervisory stress testing and capital plan submission requirements, and enhanced governance standards. As BancShares continues to grow, it may cross additional risk-based asset thresholds, subjecting it to additional regulatory requirements and enhanced scrutiny. Basel III . The federal banking agencies have established a framework for enhanced capital and liquidity requirements for banking organizations with $100 billion or more in total assets that implements portions of the Basel III accords, developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (as implemented in the U.S., “Basel III”). Under Basel III, banking organizations with $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets that are Category III or IV banking organizations may follow a standardized approach to calculating risk-weighted assets (“RWA”) and risk-based capital requirements, while Category I and II banking organizations are required to use an internal ratings-based approach to calculate RWA and risk-based capital consistent with an advanced approaches framework (“Advanced Approaches”). Category I, II and III banking organizations are also required under Advanced Approaches to comply with enhanced risk-based capital requirements on a tailored basis (e.g., a countercyclical capital buffer if activated and a supplementary leverage ratio requirement). In addition, Category I and II banking organizations, consistent with Advanced Approaches, must include accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in capital for purposes of calculating regulatory capital requirements, but Category III and IV banking organizations are able to opt-out of this requirement. BancShares, as a Category IV banking organization, follows the standardized approach to calculating RWA and has elected to opt-out of including AOCI in capital for purposes of calculating regulatory capital requirements. 8 Capital Planning and Stress Testing. As a Category IV banking organization, BancShares is required to submit an annual capital plan to the Federal Reserve and is subject to biennial supervisory stress testing by the Federal Reserve under its Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) process. BancShares submitted a capital plan in 2024 and 2025 in accordance with regulatory requirements and will participate in the CCAR process as a Category IV banking organization for the first time during 2026. BancShares must resubmit its capital plan if there is a material change in its risk profile, financial condition or corporate structure since its most recent capital plan submission, or if the Federal Reserve otherwise notifies it that a resubmission is required. The mandatory elements of a capital plan include (i) an assessment of the expected uses and sources of capital over the planning horizon, (ii) a description of the banking organization’s process for assessing capital adequacy, (iii) the banking organization’s capital policy, and (iv) a discussion of any expected changes to the banking organization’s business plan that are likely to have a material impact on capital adequacy. The Federal Reserve calculates a banking organization’s stress capital buffer (“SCB”) requirement as part of the CCAR process, which replaces the capital conservation buffer (“CCB”) under Basel III, as further discussed below. In April 2025, the Federal Reserve issued a proposal to, among other things, delay the annual effective date of a new SCB requirement from October 1 to January 1 of the following year, giving banks additional time to adjust to their new capital requirements. In October 2025, the Federal Reserve issued another proposal to make other changes to the supervisory stress tests under CCAR to enhance the transparency and public accountability of the stress testing framework. Significant deficiencies in a banking organization’s capital planning and stress testing processes may result in supervisory directives that require the banking organization to address the identified deficiencies and potentially limit the organization’s capital distributions. As a banking organization with less than $250 billion in total consolidated assets, BancShares is not subject to the company-run stress testing requirements under the Dodd-Frank Act. Capital Requirements. BancShares and FCB are subject to regulatory capital requirements under Basel III for the Tier 1 leverage ratio and ratios of qualifying capital to RWA (the “Risk-Based Capital Ratios” and, together with the Tier 1 leverage ratio, the “Regulatory Capital Ratios”). The total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, and common equity Tier 1 risk-based capital (“CET1”) ratios are the Risk-Based Capital Ratios. CET1 capital is generally common stock, additional paid in capital, and retained earnings less applicable capital deductions. BancShares is also subject to the SCB requirements for the Risk-Based Capital Ratios, as calculated by the Federal Reserve in connection with its supervisory stress tests under the CCAR process. Specifically, the SCB is calculated by the Federal Reserve for each banking organization that participates in the CCAR process as the greater of (i) the difference between the organization’s starting and minimum projected Risk-Based Capital Ratios under the severely adverse scenario in the supervisory stress test, plus the sum of the dollar amount of the firm’s planned common stock dividends for each of the fourth through seventh quarters of the planning horizon as a percentage of RWA, or (ii) 2.50%, which is equal to the minimum CCB under Basel III. BancShares will participate in the 2026 supervisory stress test which will determine the SCB applicable to BancShares. Additionally, federal banking agencies have developed prompt corrective action (“PCA”) thresholds (described below) for Regulatory Capital Ratios to determine whether an institution is well capitalized. Failure of a banking organization to meet regulatory capital guidelines may subject it to a variety of enforcement remedies, including constraints on capital distributions and discretionary executive compensation, restrictions on its operations and activities, termination of deposit insurance by the FDIC and, under certain conditions, the appointment of a conservator or receiver. As of December 31, 2025, the Regulatory Capital Ratios of BancShares and FCB exceeded the applicable Basel III requirements and the PCA well capitalized thresholds as further addressed under “Capital” in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. The following table includes the Basel III requirements and PCA well capitalized thresholds for the Regulatory Capital Ratios. Basel III Minimum Basel III Buffer Basel III Total Requirement PCA Well Capitalized Threshold Regulatory Capital Ratios Total risk-based capital 8.00 % 2.50 % 10.50 % 10.00 % Tier 1 risk-based capital 6.00 2.50 8.50 8.00 Common equity Tier 1 4.50 2.50 7.00 6.50 Tier 1 leverage 4.00 — 4.00 5.00 Resolution Planning. Consistent with its status as a Category IV banking organization, BancShares is not required to submit a resolution plan under the Dodd-Frank Act (a “Living Will”). A Living Will must describe the banking organization’s strategy for the rapid and orderly resolution of the parent company and nonbank entities within the banking organization under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code in a manner that substantially mitigates the risk that the failure would have serious adverse effects on financial stability in the United States. 9 FCB is required to submit a full resolution plan (“Resolution Plan”) to the FDIC under the Covered Insured Depository Institution rule (“CIDI Rule”). The CIDI Rule generally applies to IDIs with consolidated assets of $50 billion or more. Resolution Plans submitted under the CIDI Rule generally require a more detailed discussion of the strategy for resolving the IDI than Living Wills (i.e., resolution plans required under the Dodd-Frank Act). The CIDI Rule requires that the Resolution Plans enable the FDIC as receiver to resolve the IDI in the event of its insolvency in a manner that ensures that depositors receive access to their insured deposits in a timely manner, maximizes the net present value return from the sale or disposition of a failed bank’s assets, and minimizes the amount of any loss realized by the creditors in the resolution. On April 18, 2025, the FDIC announced modifications to Resolution Plan requirements under the CIDI Rule to exempt IDIs subject to full resolution submission requirements from certain content requirements, such as the requirements to utilize a bridge bank strategy and a hypothetical failure scenario in the plan. FCB is required to, among other things, submit a full Resolution Plan every three years and provide interim targeted information between full submissions. Risk Management. As a Category IV banking organization, BancShares is required to maintain an enterprise-wide risk management system, governance program, and compliance system commensurate with its size, risks, activities, and complexity. This includes prescribed standards for the implementation of risk governance frameworks addressing credit risk, market risk, capital risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, compliance risk, and strategic risk. The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines establishing general standards related but not limited to, internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth and compensation, fees and benefits. Some additional topics include cybersecurity, climate financial-risk management, and compensation, as discussed further below. In general, the guidelines are principle-based and set forth regulatory expectations for, among other things, appropriate systems and practices to identify and manage the risk and exposures specified in the guidelines. Category III Requirements. BancShares would become a Category III banking organization under the Tailoring Rules, and would be subject to more stringent enhanced prudential standards, if it had consolidated assets of $250 billion or more, or $100 billion or more in total consolidated assets and $75 billion or more in weighted short-term wholesale funding, nonbank assets, or off-balance sheet exposure, based on a four-quarter trailing average. Enhanced prudential standards and risk-based capital requirements for Category III banking organizations include, but are not limited to, the Living Wills requirement, annual (rather than biennial) supervisory capital stress testing, biennial company-run stress testing (if consolidated assets were $250 billion or more), Liquidity Coverage Ratio (“LCR”) and Net Stable Funding Ratio (“NSFR”) requirements, and, under Advanced Approaches, enhanced risk-based capital requirements (e.g., a countercyclical capital buffer if activated and a supplementary leverage ratio requirement, among others). The Category III requirements apply at the holding company level as well to the subsidiary depository institution, to the extent applicable. The LCR requirement is designed to ensure that banking organizations have sufficient high-quality liquid assets to survive a significant liquidity stress event lasting for 30 calendar days. The NSFR requirement is designed to ensure that a banking organization maintains minimum amounts of stable funding to support its assets, commitments, and derivatives exposures over a one-year time horizon. As a Category III banking organization, BancShares would be subject to a full LCR requirement and full NSFR requirement, unless it has less than $75 billion in average weighted short-term wholesale funding, in which case it would subject to a reduced LCR requirement and NSFR requirement at 85% of the full requirements. As a Category IV banking organization, BancShares would be subject to modified LCR and NSFR requirements if it has $50 billion or more, but less than $75 billion, in average weighted short-term wholesale funding. Proposed Rule for Basel III Endgame. In 2023, the federal banking agencies proposed interagency rules to implement the final components of the Basel III accords (the “Basel III Endgame”), which included additional capital requirements addressing credit risk, operational risk, and market risk, as well as proposed interagency rules for new long term debt and clean holding company requirements for banking organizations with over $100 billion in total consolidated assets. The proposed rules were never finalized, and the federal banking agencies have publicly stated their intention to introduce a revised proposal for the implementation of the Basel III Endgame, with the proposal expected in 2026, and implementation of final rules expected beginning in 2027. We will continue to monitor further developments regarding such revised proposal. 10 Limitations on Dividends and Other Payments The Parent Company and FCB are subject to limitations on dividends and other payments. A principal source of the Parent Company’s liquidity is dividends from FCB. Failure to meet any enhanced prudential standards discussed above, or other mandatory or discretionary action by regulators, could impact the Parent Company’s or FCB’s ability to declare dividends or make other payments or capital distributions, including equity repurchases. Federal and state banking agencies also have the authority to prohibit BancShares from engaging in an unsafe or unsound practice in conducting its business, which may limit or preclude capital distributions, depending on financial condition. In addition, the Parent Company’s ability to make capital distributions, including paying dividends and repurchasing shares, is subject to the Federal Reserve’s restrictions on capital distributions under CCAR (as described above) as well as under the Basel III capital rules. Furthermore, under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act (the “FDI Act”), IDIs, such as FCB, are prohibited from making capital distributions, including the payment of dividends, if, after making such distributions, the institution would become undercapitalized. Additionally, banking organizations that are not considered well capitalized under the Basel III capital rules could be subject to restrictions on dividends, equity repurchases and compensation based on the amount of the shortfall. State law also prescribes certain limitations on payment of dividends. Limitations on Mergers & Acquisitions BancShares is subject to laws that may require regulatory approval for, or that otherwise impose limitations on, mergers, acquisitions or similar transactions. Failure to meet any enhanced prudential standards discussed above, or other mandatory or discretionary action by regulators, could impact the Parent Company’s or FCB’s ability to complete or place limitations on the consummation of mergers, acquisitions or similar transactions. For example, under the BHCA, a BHC must obtain approval from the Federal Reserve prior to directly or indirectly acquiring ownership or control of 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of another depository institution holding company or IDI, or prior to merging or consolidating with another depository institution holding company. In addition, federal market share limitations impose conditions that an acquiring BHC, after and as a result of the acquisition, control no more than 10% of the total amount of deposits of IDIs in the U.S. and no more than 30%, subject to variation by state law, of such deposits in applicable states. Federal Reserve rules also prohibit a financial holding company (“FHC”), which we have elected to be, from combining with another company if the resulting company’s liabilities would exceed 10% of the aggregate consolidated liabilities of all financial companies nationally. The BHCA and other federal laws enumerate the factors the Federal Reserve must consider when reviewing the merger of BHCs, the acquisition of banks, or the acquisition of voting securities of a bank or BHC. These factors include the competitive effects of the proposal in the relevant geographic markets; the financial and managerial resources and future prospects of the companies and banks involved in the transaction; the effect of the transaction on the financial stability of the United States; the organizations' compliance with anti-money laundering (“AML”) laws and regulations; the convenience and needs of the communities to be served; and the records of performance under the Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) of the IDIs involved in the transaction. In addition, under the FDI Act as amended by the Bank Merger Act (“BMA”), any IDI must also obtain approval of the FDIC before any merger, acquisition or certain similar transactions with another institution if the resulting institution will be a state chartered bank that is not a member of the Federal Reserve. The FDIC maintains a policy statement outlining the agency’s approach to evaluating bank merger and acquisition proposals under the BMA. The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) is responsible for evaluating mergers and acquisitions under the federal antitrust laws, and the Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) is responsible for evaluating nonbank acquisitions by a banking organization under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976 (“HSR Act”). Under the BHCA and BMA, mergers and acquisitions by BancShares are subject to a waiting period of 30-days unless the U.S. Attorney General consents to a shorter waiting period or the waiting period is otherwise waived by the approving banking agency due to an emergency that requires expeditious action or the proposal involves a probable bank failure. Transactions subject to review under the HSR Act are also subject to a 30-day waiting period, but the waiting period is only 15 days for transactions that are for cash tender offers or certain bankruptcy sales. Holding Company Status Activities. As a BHC, the Parent Company’s activities are generally limited to managing or controlling banks, furnishing services to or performing services for its subsidiaries, and engaging in other activities the Federal Reserve determines by regulation or order to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto. In addition to being a BHC, the Parent Company elected to be an FHC under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (the “GLBA”). BHCs that qualify and elect to be FHCs and continue to meet the eligibility requirements as an FHC (discussed below), though still limited in their activities, may more broadly engage in any activity, or acquire and retain the shares of a company engaged in any activity, that is either (i) financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity (as determined by the Federal Reserve in consultation with the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury) or (ii) complementary to such financial activity and does not pose a substantial risk to the safety and soundness of depository institutions or the financial system generally (as solely determined by the Federal Reserve). Such activities may include, among other things, securities underwriting or merchant banking. 11