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Nordea Annual Report 2025 327
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.5 Hedge ac counting
Accounting policies
When a hedging relationship meets the specified 
hedge accounting criteria set out in IAS 39, Nordea 
Bank Abp applies two types of hedge accounting: 
• fair value hedge accounting
• cash flow hedge accounting. 
Nordea Bank Abp has chosen, as a policy choice 
permitted under IFRS 9, to continue to apply hedge 
accounting in accordance with the carve-out version 
of IAS 39. 
Under the EU carve-out version of IAS 39, fair 
value macro hedge accounting may for instance, in 
comparison with IAS 39 as issued by the IASB, be 
applied to on-demand (core) deposits, and hedge 
ineffectiveness in a hedge of assets with prepay-
ment options is only recognised when the revised 
estimate of the amount of cash flows falls below the 
designated bottom layer.
The application of hedge accounting requires the 
hedge to be highly effective. A hedge is regarded as 
highly effective if, at inception and throughout its 
life, changes in the fair value of the hedged item, as 
regards the hedged risk, can be expected to be 
essentially offset by changes in the fair value of the 
hedging instrument. The result should be within a 
range of 80–125%.
Transactions that are entered into in accordance 
with Nordea Bank Abp’s hedging objectives but do 
not qualify for hedge accounting are economic 
hedge relationships.
Fair value hedge accounting
Fair value hedge accounting is applied when deriva-
tives are hedging changes in the fair value of a rec-
ognised asset or liability attributable to a specific 
risk. Fair value hedge accounting can be performed 
at both micro level (single assets/liabilities or closed 
portfolios of assets/liabilities where one or more 
hedged items are hedged using one or more hedg-
ing instruments) and macro level (open portfolios 
where groups of items are hedged using multiple 
hedging instruments).
Changes in the fair value of derivatives (hedging 
instruments), as well as changes in the value of the 
hedged item attributable to the risks being hedged, 
recognised in the income statement under “Net 
result from securities at fair value through profit or 
loss”. Given that the hedge is effective, the change in 
the fair value of the hedged item will be offset by 
the change in the fair value of the hedging 
instrument.
The changes in the fair value of the hedged item, 
attributable to the risks being hedged with the 
derivative instrument, are reflected in an adjustment 
to the carrying amount of the hedged item, which is 
also recognised in the income statement. The fair 
value changes of the hedged items held at amor-
tised cost in hedges of interest rate risks in macro 
hedges are reported separately in the balance sheet 
item “Fair value changes of hedged items in portfo-
lio hedges of interest rate risk”. 
Any ineffectiveness is recognised in the income 
statement under the item “Net result from securities 
at fair value through profit or loss”. 
If the hedging relationship does not meet the 
hedge accounting requirements, hedge accounting 
is discontinued. 
The hedging instrument is measured at fair value 
through profit or loss and the change in the fair 
value of the hedged item, up to the point when the 
hedge relationship is terminated, is amortised to the 
income statement on a straight-line basis over the 
remaining maturity of the hedged item.
Nordea Bank Abp applies fair value hedge 
accounting to the foreign exchange risk in its invest-
ments in foreign operations and internal long-term 
loans to foreign operations for which settlement is 
neither planned nor likely to occur in the future. 
Exchange differences arising on these internal long-
term loans are recognised in equity and reclassified 
from equity to profit or loss on disposal of the 
investment.
Cash flow hedge accounting
Cash flow hedge accounting is applied when hedg-
ing the exposure to variability in future cash flows. 
The portion of the gain or loss on the hedging 
instrument, determined to be an effective hedge, is 
recognised in equity and accumulated in the cash 
flow hedge reserve in equity. The ineffective portion 
of the gain or loss on the hedging instrument is 
recyled in the item “Net result from securities ar fair 
value through profit or loss” in the income state-
ment. The hedge is considered to be ineffective to 
the extent that the cumulative change in fair value 
from the inception of the hedge is larger for the 
hedging instrument than for the hedged item.
Gains or losses on hedging instruments recog-
nised in the cash flow hedge reserve in equity are 
recycled and recognised in the income statement in 
the same period as the hedged item affects profit or 
loss, normally in the period in which interest income 
or interest expense is recognised.
A hedged item in a cash flow hedge can be highly 
probable cash flows from recognised assets or liabil-
ities or from future assets or liabilities. Derivatives 
used as hedging instruments are always measured 
at fair value. 
If the hedging relationship does not meet the 
hedge accounting requirements, hedge accounting 
is discontinued. Changes in the unrealised value of 
the hedging instrument will prospectively from the 
last time it was proven effective be accounted for in 
the income statement. The cumulative gain or loss 
on the hedging instrument that has been recognised 
in the cash flow hedge reserve in equity from the 
period when the hedge was effective is reclassified 
from equity to “Net result from securities at fair 
value through profit or loss” in the income statement 
if the expected transaction is no longer expected to 
occur. 
If the expected transaction is no longer highly 
probable but is still expected to occur, the cumula-
tive gain or loss on the hedging instrument that has 
been recognised in equity from the period when the 
hedge was effective will remain in equity until the 
transaction occurs or is no longer expected to occur.
Derivatives used for hedge accounting
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Fair value hedges1 1,223 2,074 116,182
Cash flow hedges1 783 539 33,097
Total derivatives 2,006 2,613 149,279
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Fair value hedges1 1,406 2,360 128,874
Cash flow hedges1 2,241 70 33,105
Total derivatives 3,647 2,430 161,979
1)  Some cr oss-currency interest rate swaps are used as both fair value hedges and 
cash flow hedges. The nominal amounts of these instruments have been split 
between the lines “Fair value hedges” and “Cash flow hedges” in the table above 
based on the relative fair value of these hedging instruments. As at 31 December 
2025 the total nominal amount of cross-currency interest rate swaps amounted 
to EUR 17,677m (EUR 19,095m).
The table above shows the fair value of derivatives used 
for hedge accounting together with their nominal 
amounts. The nominal amounts indicate the volume of 
transactions outstanding at year end and are neither indic-
ative of market risk nor credit risk. The fair value and nom-
inal amount of derivatives in this note represent deriva-
tives before offsetting between assets and liabilities on 
the balance sheet (gross amount) as the gross amount 
better reflects Nordea Bank Abp’s exposure in relation to 
the hedged risk.
Risk management
For more information on risk management, see the section 
“Risk management” in the Group’s Note G3.6 “Hedge 
accounting”. As part of its risk management policy, Nordea 
Bank Abp has identified a series of risk categories with 
corresponding hedging strategies using derivative instru-
ments, as set out in section 4 “Market risk” in the Group’s 
Note G11 “Risk and liquidity management”.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 328
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.5 Hedge accounting, cont.
Interest rate risk
For more information on interest rate risk, see the section 
“Interest rate risk”, sub-sections “Fair value hedges” and 
“Cash flow hedges” in the Group’s Note G3.6 “Hedge 
accounting”.
Fair value hedges
The table below presents the accumulated fair value 
adjustments arising from continuing and discontinued 
hedging relationships.
Hedged items
EURm
Interest rate risk 2025 Interest rate risk 2024
Carrying amount  
of hedged  
assets/liabilities
Of which accumulated 
amount of fair value  
hedge adjustment3
Carrying amount  
of hedged  
assets/liabilities
Of which accumulated 
amount of fair value  
hedge adjustment3
Fair value hedges – micro level
Interest-bearing securities1 26,220 0 25,566 0
Assets 26,220 0 25,566 0
Debt securities in issue 22,154 -367 25,958 -502
Subordinated liabilities 7,190 -170 6,350 -328
Liabilities 29,344 -537 31,478 -830
EURm
Interest rate risk 2025 Interest rate risk 2024
Carrying amount  
of hedged  
assets/liabilities
Of which accumulated 
amount of fair value  
hedge adjustment2,3
Carrying amount  
of hedged  
assets/liabilities
Of which accumulated 
amount of fair value  
hedge adjustment2,3
Fair value hedges – macro level
Loans to the public 10,102 – 27,184 –
Assets 10,102 -56 27,184 -69
Deposits by credit institutions 2,948 – 3,071 –
Deposits and borrowings from the 
public 36,193 – 31,145 –
Liabilities 39,141 -567 34,216 -458
1)  Including the balance sheet line item “Debt securities eligible for refinancing with central banks”.
2)  Accumulated fair value adjustment for macro hedges is presented in the line item “Fair value changes of hedged items in portfolio hedges of interest rate risk“ on the 
 balance sheet.
3)  Of which EUR 26m (EUR 35m) is related to discontinued hedges of interest rate risk.
The following table provides information about the 
 hedging instruments.
Hedging instruments
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk 1,007 1,794 106,075
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Fair value hedges
Interest rate risk 1,272 2,219 120,708
The table below presents the changes in the fair value of 
the hedging instruments and the changes in the value of 
hedged items used as the basis for recognising ineffective-
ness. These changes are recognised in the line item “Net 
result from securities at fair value through profit or loss” in 
the income statement. 
Hedge ineffectiveness
EURm
Interest rate risk
2025 2024
Fair value hedges
Changes in fair value of hedging instruments 172 408
Changes in value of hedged items used as 
basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness -139 -411
Hedge ineffectiveness recognised in the 
income statement1 33 -3
1)  Recognised in the line item “Net result from securities at fair value through profit 
or loss”. When disclosing hedge ineffectiveness, valuation adjustments (CVA, 
DVA, FFVA) have not been considered as these are immaterial.
Cash flow hedges
The table below provide information about the hedging 
instruments in hedges of interest rate risk, including the 
nominal amount and the fair value of the hedging 
instruments.
Hedging instruments
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate risk – 0 725
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Cash flow hedges
Interest rate risk – 0 1,298
 
The next table specifies changes in the fair value of hedg-
ing instruments arising from continuing hedging relation-
ships, irrespective of whether there has been a change in 
hedge designation during the year. 
The table also presents changes in the value of the 
hedged items used to measure hedge ineffectiveness sep-
arately showing the effective and ineffective portions.
Hedge ineffectiveness
EURm
Interest rate risk
2025 2024
Cash flow hedges
Changes in fair value of hedging instruments -2 5
Changes in value of hedged items used as 
basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness 2 -5
Hedge ineffectiveness recognised  
in the income statement1 – –
Hedging gains or losses recognised  
in fair value reserve -2 5
1)  Recognised in the line item “Net result from securities at fair value through profit 
or loss”. When disclosing hedge ineffectiveness, valuation adjustments (CVA, 
DVA, FFVA) have not been considered as these are immaterial.
Cash flow hedge reserve
EURm
Interest rate risk
2025 2024
Balance as at 1 Jan -1 -7
Cash flow hedges 
 Valuation gains/losses -2 5
 Tax on valuation gains/losses 0 -1
 Transferred to the income statement 2 4
 Tax on transfers to the income statement -0 -1
Through cash flow hedge reserve, net of tax 0 7
Balance as at 31 Dec -1 -1
-  Of which relates to continuing hedges for 
which hedge accounting is applied -1 -1
-  Of which relates to hedging relationships 
for which hedge accounting is no longer 
applied – –
Average interest rate on instruments 
hedging interest rate risk
The average interest rate on the fixed leg of instruments 
hedging interest rate risk as at 31 December 2025 was 
2,50% (2,52%).

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 329
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.5 Hedge accounting, cont.
The maturity profile of Nordea Bank Abp’s hedging instruments used to hedge interest rate risk (both fair value and cash 
flow hedge accounting) is shown below:
Maturity profile of the nominal amount of hedging instruments hedging interest rate risk
EURm 
Payable  
on demand
Maximum 
3 months 3–12 months 1–5 years
More than  
5 years Total
31 Dec 2025 – 7,370 21,691 57,270 20,469 106,800
31 Dec 2024 – 16,578 28,780 56,950 19,699 122,007
Currency risk
For more information on currency risk, see the section 
“Currency risk” in the Group’s Note G3.6 “Hedge account-
ing”. The sub-section “Cash flow and net investment 
hedges” is not applicable to Nordea Bank Abp.
The table below presents the accumulated fair value 
adjustments arising from continuing hedge relationships, 
irrespective of whether or not there has been a change in 
hedge designation during the year. 
Hedged items
EURm
Foreign exchange risk 2025 Foreign exchange risk 2024
Carrying amount of 
hedged assets
Of which accumulated amount 
of fair value hedge adjustment
Carrying amount of 
hedged assets
Of which accumulated amount 
of fair value hedge adjustment
Fair value hedges
Investments in foreign operations 10,258 -564 7,980 -828
The tables below provide information about the hedging 
instruments in hedges of currency risks, including the 
nominal amount and the fair value of the hedging 
instruments.
Hedging instruments
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Foreign exchange risk
Fair value hedges 215 280 10,106
Cash flow hedges 783 539 32,372
Total derivatives used  
for hedge accounting 998 819 42,478
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Foreign exchange risk
Fair value hedges 134 141 8,165
Cash flow hedges 2,241 70 31,807
Total derivatives used  
for hedge accounting 2,375 211 39,972
The table below specifies changes in the fair value of 
hedging instruments arising from continuing hedging rela-
tionships, irrespective of whether there has been a change 
in hedge designation during the year. The table also pre-
sents changes in the value of hedged item used to meas-
ure hedge ineffectiveness, separately showing the effec-
tive and ineffective portions.
Hedge ineffectiveness 
EURm
Foreign exchange risk
2025 2024
Fair value hedges
Changes in fair value of hedging 
instruments -262 205
Changes in value of hedged items used as 
basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness 262 -205
Hedge ineffectiveness recognised in the 
income statement1 – –
Cash flow hedges
Changes in fair value of hedging 
instruments -2,453 1,860
Changes in value of hedged items used as 
basis for recognising hedge ineffectiveness 2,447 -1,860
Hedge ineffectiveness recognised in the 
income statement1 -5 –
Hedging gains or losses recognised in fair 
value reserve -2,447 1,860
1)  Recognised in the line item “Net result from securities at fair value through profit 
or loss”. When disclosing hedge ineffectiveness, valuation adjustments (CVA, 
DVA, FFVA) have not been considered as these are immaterial.
Cash flow hedge reserve
EURm
Foreign exchange risk
2025 2024
Balance as at 1 Jan 112 89
Cash flow hedges
 Valuation gains/losses -2,447 1,860
 Tax on valuation gains/losses 492 -377
 Transferred to the income statement 2,363 -1,831
 Tax on transfers to the income statement -475 371
Through cash flow hedge reserve, net of 
tax -67 23
Balance as at 31 Dec 45 112
-  Of which relates to continuing hedges for 
which hedge accounting is applied 45 112
-  Of which relates to hedging relationships 
for which hedge accounting is no longer 
applied – –
The average forward exchange rates of instruments hedg-
ing foreign exchange risk as at 31 December are presented 
in the table below.
Average forward exchange rates of instruments 
 hedging foreign exchange risk
EUR NOK SEK USD
31 Dec 2025 11.05 10.60 1.14
31 Dec 2024 11.06 10.69 1.10
Maturity profile of the nominal amount of hedging instruments 
Instruments hedging foreign exchange risk, EURm
Payable on 
demand
Maximum  
3 months 3–12 months 1–5 years
More than  
5 years Total
31 Dec 2025 – 14,313 13,885 12,898 1,383 42,479
31 Dec 2024 – 15,572 10,953 12,389 1,059 39,972

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 330
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.6  Cash and balanc es with 
central banks
Accounting policies
Cash comprises legal tender and bank notes in for-
eign currencies. Balances with central banks consist 
of deposits in accounts with central banks and 
postal giro systems under government authority 
when the following conditions are fulfilled:
• The central bank or the postal giro system is domi-
ciled in the country where the institutions are 
established.
• The balance on the account is readily available at 
any time.
P3.7  Loans
Accounting policies
Loans are financial instruments with fixed or deter-
minable payments that are not readily transferable 
without the consent of the debtor. Loans are classi-
fied in accordance with the description in Note P3.3 
“Classification and measurement”. Nordea Bank 
Abp’s accounting policies covering expected credit 
losses follow below. Additional information on credit 
risk on loans is disclosed in Note P10 “Risk and 
liquidity management”.
Financial instruments classified as “Amortised 
cost” or “Fair value through other comprehensive 
income” are subject to impairment testing due to 
credit risk. This includes assets recognised on the 
balance sheet in “Cash and balances with central 
banks”, “Debt securities eligible for refinancing with 
central banks”, “Loans to credit institutions”, “Loans 
to the public” and “Interest-bearing securities”. 
These balance sheet line items include assets classi-
fied as “Fair value through profit or loss”, which are 
not subject to impairment testing. See also Note P3.3 
“Classification and measurement”.
Off-balance sheet commitments, contingent lia-
bilities and loan commitments are also subject to 
impairment testing.
Recognition and presentation
Amortised cost assets are recognised gross with an 
offsetting allowance for the expected credit losses if 
the loss is not regarded as final. The allowance 
account is netted against the loan balance on the 
face of the balance sheet, but the allowance account 
is disclosed separately in this note. Changes in the 
allowance account are recognised in the income 
statement and classified as “Net loan losses”.
If the impairment loss is regarded as final, it is 
reported as a realised loss and the carrying amount 
of the loan and the related allowance for impair-
ment loss are derecognised. An impairment loss is 
regarded as final when the obligor has filed for 
bankruptcy and the administrator has declared the 
financial outcome of the bankruptcy procedure, or 
when Nordea Bank Abp waives its claims either 
through a legally based or voluntary reconstruction, 
or when Nordea Bank Abp, for other reasons, deems 
it unlikely that the claim will be recovered. See also 
the section “Write-offs” on the following page.
Provisions for off-balance sheet exposures are 
classified as “Provisions” on the balance sheet, with 
changes in provisions classified as “Net loan losses”. 
Assets classified as “Fair value through other 
comprehensive income” are recognised at fair value 
on the balance sheet. Impairment losses calculated 
in accordance with IFRS 9 are recognised in the 
income statement and classified as “Impairment of 
other financial assets”. Any fair value adjustments 
are recognised in equity.
Impairment testing
Nordea Bank Abp classifies all exposures into stages 
on an individual basis. Stage 1 includes assets where 
there has been no significant increase in credit risk 
since initial recognition. Stage 2 includes assets 
where there has been a significant increase in credit 
risk. Stage 3 (impaired loans) includes defaulted 
assets. Nordea Bank Abp monitors whether there are 
indicators of exposures being credit impaired (stage 
3) by identifying events that have a detrimental 
impact on the estimated future cash flows. Nordea 
Bank Abp applies the same definition of default as 
the Capital Requirements Regulation. The definition 
of default applied by Nordea was last updated in 
2024 in connection with the implementation of new 
retail internal ratings-based (IRB) models. More 
information on the identification of loss events can be 
found in the Group’s Note G11 “Risk and liquidity 
management”. Exposures without individually calcu-
lated allowances are covered by the model-based 
impairment calculation.
For significant exposures where a credit event has 
been identified, the exposure is tested for impairment 
on an individual basis. If the exposure is considered 
impaired, an individual provision is recognised. The 
carrying amount of the exposure is compared with the 
sum of the net present value of expected future cash 
flows. If the carrying amount is higher, the difference 
is recognised as an impairment loss. The expected 
cash flows include the fair value of collateral and 
other credit enhancements and are discounted at the 
original effective interest rate. The estimate is based 
on three different forward-looking scenarios that are 
probability weighted to derive the net present value.
For insignificant exposures that have been individu-
ally identified as credit impaired, the impairment loss is 
measured using the model described below but based 
on the fact that the exposures are already in default. 
Nordea Bank Abp uses the “low credit risk 
exemption” for retail exposures and non-retail expo-
sures issued after transition to IFRS 9 on 1 January 
2018. Such exposures with a 12-month probability of 
default (PD) below 0.3% are classified as stage 1.
Model-based allowance calculation
For exposures not impaired on an individual basis, a 
statistical model is used for calculating impairment 
losses. The provisions are calculated as the exposure 
at default (EAD) times the probability of default (PD) 
times the loss given default (LGD). For assets in stage 
1 this calculation is only based on the coming 12 
months, while for assets in stages 2 and 3 it is based 
on the expected lifetime of the assets.
The provisions for exposures for which there has 
been no significant increase in credit risk since initial 
recognition are based on the 12-month expected 
loss (stage 1). The provisions for exposures for which 
there has been a significant increase in credit risk 
since initial recognition, but which are not credit 
impaired, are based on the lifetime expected losses 
(stage 2). This is also the case for the insignificant 
credit impaired exposures in stage 3.
Nordea Bank Abp uses two different models to 
identify whether there has been a significant increase 
in credit risk or not. For non-retail assets held on 
transition to IFRS 9 on 1 January 2018, the change in 
internal rating and scoring data is used to determine 
whether there has been a significant increase in 
credit risk or not. Internal rating/scoring information 
is used to assess the risk of the customers and a 
deterioration in rating/scoring indicates an increase 
in the credit risk of the customer. Nordea Bank Abp 
has concluded that it is not possible to calculate the 
lifetime PD at origination without the use of hind-
sight for assets already recognised on the balance 
sheet at transition. Changes to the lifetime PD are 
used as the trigger for non-retail assets recognised 
after transition and for retail assets recognised both 
before and after transition.
For assets evaluated based on lifetime PD, Nordea 
Bank Abp uses a mix of absolute and relative 
changes in PD as the transfer criterion.
• Retail customers with a relative increase in lifetime 
PD above 200% are transferred to stage 2.
• Non-retail customers with an initial 12-month PD 
below 0.5%:
• Exposures with a relative increase in lifetime PD 
above 150% and an absolute increase in 12-month 
PD above 20bp are transferred to stage 2.
• Non-retail customers with an initial 12-month PD 
above or equal to 0.5%:
• Exposures with a relative increase in lifetime PD 
above 150% or an absolute increase in 12-month 
PD above 400bp are transferred to stage 2.
For non-retail assets recognised on the balance sheet 
before transition to IFRS 9, the change in rating/scor-
ing notches is used as the stage transfer criterion. The 
number of notches is calibrated to match the signifi-
cant increase in credit risk based on lifetime PD. 
In addition, Nordea Bank Abp applies the follow-
ing backstops for transfers between stages:
• Customers with forbearance measures and cus-

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 331
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.7  Loans, cont.
tomers with payments more than thirty days past 
due are also transferred to stage 2 unless already 
identified as credit impaired (stage 3). Exposures 
with forbearance measures will stay in stage 2 for a 
probation period of 24 months from when the 
measures were introduced. Once transferred back 
to stage 1, after the probation period, the exposures 
are treated as any other stage 1 exposure on the 
assessment of significant increase in credit risk.
• Exposures more than 90 days past due are nor-
mally classified as stage 3, but this classification 
will be rebutted if there is evidence that the cus-
tomer is not in default. Such exposures are classi-
fied as stage 2. 
• Non-retail exposures with a relative change in 
annualised lifetime PD exceeding 200% and with 
at least one rating grade of deterioration are trans-
ferred to stage 2. 
• Retail exposures classified as high risk, i.e. with a 
PD above 5.83%, are transferred to stage 2. 
• Non-retail exposures classified as high-risk, i.e. 
with a rating grade of 2 or below, are transferred to 
stage 2.
• Retail and Non-retail exposures with 12-month PD 
below 0.3% use a low credit risk exemption, which 
prevents movement to stage 2 from absolute or 
relative changes in PD. The exemption does not 
prevent stage movement from the other backstop 
triggers listed.
When calculating provisions, including the staging 
assessment, the calculation is based on both histori-
cal data and probability-weighted forward-looking 
information. Nordea Bank Abp applies three macro-
economic scenarios to address the non-linearity in 
expected credit losses. The different scenarios are 
used to adjust the relevant parameters for calculat-
ing expected losses and a probability-weighted 
average of the expected losses under each scenario 
is recognised as provisions. The model is based on 
data collected before the reporting date requiring 
Nordea Bank Abp to identify events that could affect 
the provisions after the data is sourced to the model 
calculation. Management evaluates these events 
and adjusts the provisions if deemed necessary.
Write-offs
A write-off is a derecognition of a loan or receivable 
from the balance sheet and a final realisation of a 
credit loss provision. When assets are considered 
uncollectible, they should be written off as soon as 
possible, regardless of whether the legal claim 
remains or not. A write-off can take place before 
legal actions against the borrower to recover the 
debt have been concluded in full. Although an 
uncollectible asset is removed or written off from 
the balance sheet, the customer remains legally 
obligated to pay the outstanding debt. When assess-
ing the recoverability of non-performing loans and 
determining if write-offs are required, exposures 
with the following characteristics are in particular 
focus (the list is not exhaustive):
• Exposures past due more than 90 days. If, following 
this assessment, an exposure or part of an expo-
sure is deemed as unrecoverable, it is written off.
• Exposures under insolvency procedures where the 
collateralisation of the exposure is low.
• Exposures where legal expenses are expected to 
absorb the proceeds from the bankruptcy proce-
dure and estimated recoveries are therefore 
expected to be low.
• A partial write-off may be warranted where there is 
reasonable financial evidence to demonstrate an ina-
bility of the borrower to repay the full amount, i.e. a 
significant level of debt which cannot be reasonably 
demonstrated to be recoverable following forbear-
ance treatment and/or the execution of collateral.
• Restructuring cases.
Discount rate
The discount rate used to measure impairment is the 
original effective interest rate for loans attached to an 
individual customer or, if applicable, to a group of 
loans. If considered appropriate, the discount rate can 
be based on a method that results in an impairment 
that is a reasonable approximation using the effective 
interest rate method as basis for the calculation.
Restructured loans and modifications
In this context a restructured loan is defined as a 
loan where Nordea Bank Abp has granted conces-
sions to the obligor due to their financial difficulties 
and where such concessions have resulted in an 
impairment loss for Nordea Bank Abp. After 
restructing the loan is normally regarded as not 
impaired if it performs according to the new terms 
and conditions. In the event of recovery, the pay-
ment is reported as recovery of loan losses. 
Modifications of the contractual cash flows of 
loans to customers in financial difficulties (forbear-
ance) reduce the gross carrying amount of the loan. 
Normally this reduction is less than the existing pro-
vision and no loss is recognised in the income state-
ment due to modifications. If significant, the gross 
amounts (loan and allowance) are reduced.
Assets taken over for protection of claims
In a financial reconstruction the creditor may con-
cede loans to the obligor and in exchange for this 
concession acquires an asset pledged for the con-
ceded loans, shares issued by the obligor or other 
assets. Assets taken over for protection of claims are 
reported on the same balance sheet line as similar 
assets already held by Nordea Bank Abp. For exam-
ple, a property taken over, not held for Nordea Bank 
Abp’s own use, is reported together with other 
investment properties.
At initial recognition, all assets taken over for pro-
tection of claims are recognised at fair value and the 
possible difference between the carrying amount of 
the loan and the fair value of the assets taken over is 
recognised in “Net loan losses”.  The fair v alue of the 
asset on the date of recognition becomes its cost or 
amortised cost value, as applicable. In subsequent 
periods, assets taken over for protection of claims are 
valued in accordance with the valuation principles 
for the appropriate type of asset. Investment proper-
ties are then measured at fair value. Financial assets 
that are foreclosed are generally classified in the cat-
egory “Fair value through profit or loss” and meas-
ured at fair value. Changes in fair value are recog-
nised in the income statement under “Net result from 
securities trading and foreign exchange dealing”.
Any change in value, after the initial recognition of 
the asset taken over, is presented in the income state-
ment in line with the presentation policies for the 
appropriate asset. The line item “Net loan losses” in 
the income statement is, after the initial recognition 
of the asset taken over, consequently not affected by 
any subsequent remeasurement of the asset.
Loans to credit institutions
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Central banks
Payable on demand 4 4
Not payable on demand 6,840 4,071
Total 6,844 4,075
Other credit institutions
Payable on demand 401 349
Not payable on demand 80,202 70,715
Total 80,603 71,064
Total loans to credit institutions
1 87,447 75,139
1) Including accrued interest of EUR 309m (EUR 333m).
Loans to the public 1
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Payable on demand 4,897 5,251
Not payable on demand 163,570 146,726
Total loans to the public2 168,467 151,977
1) For breakdowns by sector and industry, see Note P10 “Risk and liquidity 
management”.
2) Including accrued interest of 463m (EUR 497m).

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 332
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.7  Loans, cont.
Loans and impairment
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Loans measured at fair value 39,361 30,605
Loans measured at amortised cost,  
not credit-impaired (stages 1 and 2) 215,594 195,801
Credit-impaired loans (stage 3) 1,957 1,889
- of which servicing 913 877
- of which non-servicing 1,044 1,012
Loans before allowances 256,912 228,295
- of which credit institutions 87,449 75,144
Allowances for loans that are credit-
impaired (stage 3) -753 -840
- of which servicing -341 -376
- of which non-servicing -412 -464
Allowances for loans that are not credit-
impared (stages 1 and 2) -245 -339
Allowances
1 -998 -1,179
- of which credit institutions -2 -5
Loans, carrying amount 255,914 227,116
1)  F or information on loan loss provisions on off-balance sheet items, see Note P5 
“Provisions”.
P3.8  Interest-bearing securities
Accounting policies
Instruments that are readily transferable and where 
the holder of the instrument receives the nominal 
amount at maturity are normally reported in the bal-
ance sheet line item “Interest-bearing securities”. 
Instruments that cannot be transferred or sold without 
the consent of the holder of the instrument are nor-
mally reported as loans, see Note P3.7 “Loans”. In 
repurchase transactions and in securities lending 
transactions, non-cash assets are transferred as 
collateral.
For more information about accounting policies, 
see Note P3.1 “Recognition on and derecognition from 
the balance sheet“, Note P3.2 “Transferred assets and 
obtained collateral“, Note P3.3 “Classification and 
measurement” and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
The tables include the breakdown of the balance sheet 
line items “Interest-bearing securities” and “Debt securi-
ties eligible for refinancing with central banks” by type of 
security.
Interest-bearing securities
EURm 31 Dec 2025
- of which held 
for trading
States, municipalities and other public 
bodies 20,093 3,676
Banks and other credit institutions 55,839 13,862
Other 12,937 2,577
Total1 88,869 20,115
EURm 31 Dec 2024
- of which held 
for trading
States, municipalities and other public 
bodies 18,569 2,665
Banks and other credit institutions 50,530 11,939
Other 11,880 1,450
Total
1 80,979 16,054
1) Incl uding accrued interest of EUR 337m (EUR 321m).
As at 31 December 2025 the securities that were publicly 
listed amounted to EUR 21,763 (EUR 24,787m). 
Subordinated securities amounted to EUR 180m 
(EUR 49m).
Provisions for credit risks amounted to EUR 2m 
(EUR 2m).
Debt securities eligible for refinancing with central 
banks 
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Treasury bonds, notes and bills 8,302 7,668
Other bonds 70,422 63,681
Total 78,724 71,349
P3.9  Shares
Accounting policies 
The balance sheet line item “Shares” includes equity 
instruments, i.e. contracts that evidence a residual inter-
est in the assets of an entity after deducting all of its 
liabilities, including holdings in different funds such as a 
unit in an investment fund or private equity fund. 
However, investments in associated undertakings and 
joint ventures (see Note P8.2 “Investments in associ-
ated undertakings and joint ventures”) and investments 
in group undertakings (see Note P8.1 “Investments in 
group undertakings”) not included in “Shares”.
In repurchase transactions and in securities lend-
ing transactions, non-cash assets are transferred as 
collateral.
For more information about accounting policies, 
see Note P3.1 “Recognition on and derecognition from 
the balance sheet“, Note P3.2 “Transferred assets and 
obtained collateral”, Note P3.3 “Classification and 
measurement” and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
Shares
EURm 31 Dec 2025
- of which held 
for trading
Shares 18,280 15,270
Total 18,280 15,270
EURm 31 Dec 2024
- of which held 
for trading
Shares  17,493     14,267    
Total  17,493     14,267    
As at 31 December 2025 the shares that were publicly listed 
amounted to EUR 16,848m (EUR 15,973m). EUR 935m 
(EUR 382m) of the shares relate to credit institutions. 
Shares lent to other counterparties in the form of securities 
lending transactions amounted to EUR 1,910m (EUR 511m). 
Shares borrowed amounted to EUR 2,967m (EUR 4,359m) 
and are not recognised on the balance sheet and thus not 
included in the total amount presented in the table above.
P3.10 Derivatives
Accounting policies 
A derivative is a financial instrument or other con-
tract with all three of the following characteristics:
• Its value changes in response to the change in a 
specified interest rate, financial instrument price, 
commodity price, foreign exchange rate, index of 
prices or rates, credit rating or credit index, or other 
variable, provided in the case of a non-financial 
variable that the variable is not specific to a party 
to the contract (so-called ‘underlying’).
• It requires no initial net investment or an initial net 
investment that is smaller than would be required 
for other types of contracts that would be 
expected to have a similar response to changes in 
market factors. 
• It is settled at a future date.
Contracts that fulfil the above requirements of being 
derivatives but where Nordea Bank Abp is to take 
delivery of a non-financial item for own use are not 
derivatives. 
All derivatives are recognised on the balance 
sheet and  measur ed at fair value. Derivatives with a 
positive fair value, including any accrued interest, 
are recognised as assets in the line item 
“Derivatives” on the asset side. Derivatives with a 
negative fair value, including any accrued interest, 
are recognised as liabilities in the line item 
“Derivatives” on the liability side. 
Nordea Bank Abp incorporates credit valuation 
adjustments (CVAs) and debit valuation adjustments 
(DVAs) into derivative valuations as well as other val-
uation adjustments (XVAs). CVAs and DVAs reflect 
the impact on fair value from the counterparty’s credit 
risk and Nordea Bank Abp’s own credit quality, 
respectively. For more information about the calcula-
tion and other XVAs, see Note P3.4 “Fair value”. 
Realised and unrealised gains and losses from 
derivatives are recognised in the income statement 
under “Net result from securities at fair value

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.10 Deriv atives, cont.
through profit or loss”. For more information about 
accounting policies, see Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
Nordea Bank Abp enters into derivatives for trad-
ing and risk management purposes. Nordea Bank 
Abp may take positions with the expectation of prof-
iting from favourable movements in prices, rates or 
indices. The trading portfolio is treated as trading 
risk for risk management purposes. Derivatives held 
for risk management purposes include hedges that 
meet the hedge accounting requirements and 
hedges that are economic hedges but do not meet 
the hedge accounting requirements.
The table below shows the fair value of derivative 
financial instruments not used for hedge accounting 
together with their nominal amounts. The nominal 
amounts indicate the volume of transactions out-
standing at year end and are neither indicative of 
market risk nor credit risk. The derivatives are 
divided into derivatives not used for hedge account-
ing and derivatives used for hedge accounting. For 
more information about derivatives used for hedge 
accounting, see Note P3.5 “Hedge accounting”.
The fair value and nominal amount of derivatives 
in this note represent derivatives before offsetting 
between assets and liabilities on the balance sheet 
(gross amount) as the gross amount better reflects 
Nordea Bank Abp’s exposure.
Derivatives
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Derivatives not used for hedge 
accounting 162,288 165,228 11,669,459
Derivatives used for hedge 
accounting 2,006 2,613 149,279
Gross amount 164,294 167,841 11,818,738
Derivatives offset on the 
balance sheet -146,053 -148,984 –
Total derivatives 18,241 18,857 11,818,738
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative
Derivatives not used for hedge 
accounting  136,442     138,292     8,062,543    
Derivatives used for hedge 
accounting  3,647  2,430     161,979    
Gross amount 140,089  140,722 8,224,522
Derivatives offset on the balance 
sheet - 114,035    -114,795         –
Total derivatives  26,054     25,927    8,224,522    
Derivatives not used for hedge accounting
EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Fair value
Nominal 
amount
Fair value
Nominal 
amountPositive Negative Positive Negative
Interest rate derivatives
Interest rate swaps 149,251 151,641 8,684,467  120,065     120,259     5,483,562    
FRAs 428 444 1,551,754  919     938     1,327,480    
Futures and forwards 6 5 131,154 5  6     120,899    
Options 1,711 1,716 193,176  2,484    2,572  240,433    
Total 151,396 153,806 10,560,551  123,473     123,775     7,172,374    
Equity derivatives
Equity swaps 265 467 29,705  442     270     31,677 
Futures and forwards 2 9 421  3     1     901    
Options 122 411 4,085  112     397     4,214
Other 0 21 0 – – –
Total 389 908 34,211  557     668     36,792    
Foreign exchange derivatives
Currency and interest rate swaps 2,907 2,816 254,125  5,463    7,422  268,089    
Currency forwards 2,222 2,361 442,143  3,849     3,408     388,347    
Options 80 1 3,309  114     0     2,250    
Total 5,209 5,178 699,577  9,426     10,830     658,686    
Other derivatives
Credit default swaps (CDS) 5,294 5,306 374,055  2,984     2,987     194,530    
Commodity derivatives 0 26 1,039  0    9  136    
Other derivatives – 4 26  2     23     25    
Total 5,294 5,336 375,120  2,986     3,019     194,691    
Total derivatives not used for hedge accounting 162,288 165,228 11,669,459  136,442     138,292     8,062,543    
-  o f which transactions between Nordea Bank Abp and 
group undertakings 626 822 103,945  848     943     98,499    
P3.11  Deposits b y credit institutions 
and central banks
Accounting policies
Deposits by credit institutions include liabilities 
towards central banks, banks, credit market compa-
nies, credit companies, finance companies and mort-
gage institutions. Deposits are classified in accord-
ance with Note P3.3 “Classification and 
measurement”.
For additional accounting policies, see Note P3.1 
“Recognition on and derecognition from the balance 
sheet”, Note P3.2 “Transferred assets and obtained 
collateral” and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
Deposits by credit institutions and central banks
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Central banks
Payable on demand 7,460 5,757
Total 7,460 5,757
Credit institutions
Payable on demand 6,283 5,754
Not payable on demand 28,284 24,795
Total 34,567 30,549
Total deposits by credit institutions and 
central banks
1 42,027 36,306
1) Incl uding accrued interest of EUR 136m (EUR 131m).

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.12  Deposits and borrowings 
from the public
Accounting policies
Deposits from the public are defined as funds in 
deposit accounts covered by the government 
deposit guarantee but also include amounts in 
excess of the individual amount limits. Borrowings 
are other liabilities to the public that are not in the 
form of debt securities. Deposits and borrowings are 
classified into the different categories of financial 
instruments defined in Note P3.3 “Classification and 
measurement”. 
For additional accounting policies, see Note P3.1 
“Recognition on and derecognition from the balance 
sheet”, Note P3.2 “Transferred assets and obtained 
collateral” and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
Deposits and borrowings from the public
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Deposits
Payable on demand 176,167 181,574
Not payable on demand1 57,069 49,340
Total 233,236 230,914
Repurchase agreements
Not payable on demand 17,066 9,192
Total 17,066 9,192
Total deposits and borrowings from the 
public2 250,302 240,106
1)  Long-term savings accounts held by customers (PS accounts) amounted to EUR 
6m (EUR 5m) as at 31 December 2025. Investments from long-term savings 
accounts held by customers amounted to EUR 111m (EUR 98m).
2)  Including accrued interest of EUR 316m (EUR 368m).
P3.13  Debt securities in issue
Accounting policies
Debt securities are instruments issued by Nordea 
Bank Abp that are readily transferable without the 
consent of Nordea Bank Abp. Debt securities are 
classified into different categories in accordance 
with Note P3.3 “Classification and measurement”. 
For hedged items in fair value hedges at micro 
level, the hedged risk is measured at fair value and 
presented in the line item “Fair value changes in 
micro hedges of interest rate risk” in the table below 
(for more information, see Note P3.5 “Hedge 
accounting”).
For additional accounting policies, see Note P3.1 
“Recognition on and derecognition from the balance 
sheet” and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
Bonds are transferable debt securities which are normally 
issued off an issuance programme. A bond’s term to matu-
rity can range from about one month to several years. A 
bond is a debt obligation issued by the borrower to the 
investor or lender. The investor is normally entitled to a 
cash payment from the issuer on the maturity date. During 
the term to maturity, coupon payments are normally made 
at fixed intervals, but a bond can be issued as a 
zero- coupon debt instrument or be subject to other terms 
as agreed between the issuer and the investor. Bonds are 
often listed for trading on a stock exchange. There are sen-
ior bonds and subordinated bonds. In the event that an 
issuer defaults, the issuer will be required to pay the inves-
tors of senior bonds and meet all other creditor obliga-
tions in full before the issuer can make any payments on 
the subordinated bonds. Bonds can be issued as secured 
or unsecured debt. For information on subordinated 
bonds, see Note P3.14 Subordinated liabilities.
Certificates of deposit (CDs) are transferable debt secu-
rities issued by the borrower to the investor who is entitled 
to a cash payment from the issuer on the maturity date. 
CDs are not issued off an issuance programme and are not 
listed on a stock exchange. CDs usually have maturities 
ranging from one week to three years or longer. CDs can 
be issued with coupon payments or without coupon pay-
ments. CDs are issued as unsecured debt.
Commercial paper (CP) is a transferable debt instru-
ment and issued off an issuance programme. CP is issued 
with maturities ranging from overnight to about one year. 
CP is debt owed by the issuer to the investor who is enti-
tled to a cash payment from the issuer on the maturity 
date. CP is normally issued as zero-coupon debt instru-
ments with coupon payments or without coupon pay-
ments during the maturity of the CP. Typically CP is not 
listed for trading on a stock exchange. CP is usually issued 
as unsecured debt. Negotiable European Union CP can be 
listed.
Debt securities in issue
EURm
Carrying amount Nominal value
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Certificates of deposit 38,220  29,714    38,412  30,285    
Commercial paper 10,591  9,981    10,643  10,041    
Bonds1 30,523  30,910 30,184  30,531    
Other 24  24    24  25    
Fair value changes in micro hedges of interest rate risk -367 -502    – –      
Total2 78,991  70,127    79,263  70,882    
1)  Including eligible liabilities of EUR 14,689m (EUR 14,696m) under the Finnish Act on the Resolution of Credit institutions and Investment Firm.
2)  Including accrued interest of EUR 366m (EUR 444m).
P3.14  Subordinated liabilities
Accounting policies 
Subordinated liabilities are financial liabilities for 
which it has been contractually agreed that they are 
not to be repaid in the event of liquidation or bank-
ruptcy until all obligations towards other creditors 
have been fulfilled. 
For more information on classification of instru-
ments as a liability or equity instrument, see Note 
P9.1 “Equity”. For additional accounting policies, see 
Note P3.1 “Recognition on and derecognition from 
the balance sheet” and Note P3.3 “Classification and 
measurement”. 
 For hedged items in fair value hedges at micro 
level, the hedged risk is measured at fair value and 
presented in the line item “Fair value changes in 
micro hedges of interest rate risk” in the table 
below (for more information, see Note P3.5 “Hedge 
accounting”).
Subordinated liabilities 
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Additional Tier 1 4,367 3,436
Tier 2 4,613 4,302
Fair value changes in micro hedges of 
interest rate risk -170 -328
Total1 8,810 7,410
1)  Including accrued interest of EUR 109m (EUR 104m).

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P3.14  Subordinated liabilities, cont.
The Additional Tier 1 conversion notes issued in 2019, 2021, 
2024 and 2025 by Nordea Bank Abp automatically convert 
into an aggregated maximum number of 194,099,378, 
121,802,679, 160,642,952 and 133,314,074, respectively, 
newly issued Nordea shares if the CET1 ratio of either 
Nordea Bank Abp on a solo basis or the Nordea Group on a 
consolidated basis falls below 5.125%. The notes will be 
convertible into shares at a price not exceeding a specific 
nominal amount applicable to the respective notes, subject 
to adjustments. 
Upon conversion of the notes into shares, Nordea’s exist-
ing shareholders have preferential rights to all newly issued 
Nordea shares. The key terms of the Additional Tier 1 and 
Tier 2 instruments are specified in the table to the right.
Subordinated liabilities
31 Dec 2025
Classification of Tier 1 and 
Tier 2 instruments
Nominal, value  
in millions
Nominal  
currency 
Carrying amount             
in EURm
Of which used for capital 
adequacy in EURm
Interest rate  
(coupon)
Original  
maturity date First optional call date
Additional Tier 1 1,250 USD 1,080 1,080 Fixed 6.625% until first call date,  
thereafter fixed 5-year US Treasury rate +4.11%
No maturity 26 Mar 2026
Additional Tier 1 1,000 USD 784 784 Fixed 3.75% until 1 September 2029,  
thereafter fixed 5-year CMT rate +2.602% 
No maturity 1 Mar 2029 – 1 Sep 2029
Additional Tier 1 3,750 SEK 347 347 Floating 3-month STIBOR +2.80% No maturity 6 Sep 2029 – 6 Mar 2030
Additional Tier 1 1,600 NOK 135 135 Floating 3-month NIBOR +2.85% No maturity 6 Sep 2029 – 6 Mar2030
Additional Tier 1 800 USD 673 673 Fixed 6.30% until 25 March 2032,  
thereafter fixed 5-year CMT rate +2.66%
No maturity 25 Sep 2031 – 25 Mar 2032
Additional Tier 1 2,500 SEK 231 231 Floating 3-month STIBOR +2.50% No maturity 27 Nov 2030
Additional Tier 1 3,500 NOK 295 295 Floating 3-month NIBOR +2.55% No maturity 27 Nov 2030
Additional Tier 1 850 USD 716 716 Fixed 6.75% until first call date,  
thereafter fixed 5-year CMT rate +2.72%
No maturity 10 Nov 2033
Tier 2 10,000 JPY 57 57 Fixed USD 4.51% until first call date,  
thereafter floating 6-month JPY deposit rate +1.10%
26 Feb 2034 26 Feb 2029
Tier 2 20,000 JPY 98 98 Fixed USD 3.75% until first call date,  
thereafter floating 6-month JPY deposit rate +1.2%
4 Mar 2040 4 Mar 2035
Tier 2 10,000 JPY 52 52 Fixed USD 3.84% until first call date,  
thereafter floating 6-month JPY deposit rate +1.2%
12 Oct 2040 12 Oct 2035
Tier 2 500 USD 424 424 Fixed 4.625% until first call date,  
thereafter fixed 5-year mid-swap rate +1.69%
13 Sep 2033 13 Sept 2028
Tier 2 1,000 EUR 986 986 Fixed 0.625% until 18 Aug 2026,  
thereafter fixed 5-year mid-swap rate +0.92%
18 Aug 2031 18 May 2026 – 18 Aug 2026
Tier 2 3,000 SEK 278 278 Floating 3-month STIBOR +0.98% 18 Aug 2031 18 May 2026 – 18 Aug 2026
Tier 2 1,000 SEK 92 92 Fixed 1.385% until 18 Aug 2026,  
thereafter floating 3-month STIBOR +0.98%
18 Aug 2031 18 May 2026 – 18 Aug 2026
Tier 2 500 GBP 539 539 Fixed 1.625% until 9 Dec 2027,  
thereafter fixed 5-year UK Treasury rate +1.30%
9 Dec 2032 9 Sep 2027 – 9 Dec 2027
Tier 2 500 EUR 528 528 Fixed 4.875% until 23 Feb 2029,  
thereafter fixed 5-year mid-swap rate +1.85%
23 Feb 2034 23 Nov 2028 – 23 Feb 2029
Tier 2  750 EUR 772 772 Fixed 4.125% until 29 May 2030,  
thereafter fixed 5-year mid-swap rate +1.35%
29 May 2035 28 Feb 2030 – 29 May 2030
Tier 2 2,750 NOK 233 233 Floating 3-month NIBOR +1.50% 21 May 2035 21 Feb 2030 – 21 May 2030
Tier 2 500 EUR 490 490 Fixed 3.25% until first call date, 
thereafter fixed 5-year mid-swap +0.98%
19 Nov 2035 19 Nov 2030

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P4 Intangible and 
tangible assets 
P4.1  Intangible assets
Accounting policies
Intangible assets are identifiable, non-monetary 
assets without physical substance. The assets are 
under Nordea Bank Abp’s control, which means that 
Nordea Bank Abp has the power and rights to 
obtain the future economic benefits flowing from 
the underlying resource. Nordea Bank Abp’s intangi-
ble assets mainly consist of goodwill, internally 
developed software and software licences.
Goodwill 
Goodwill is recognised at cost less amortisation and 
any write-downs. Goodwill is amortised on a 
straight-line basis over its useful economic life, 
which is normally 5–10 years. Goodwill is typically 
recognised when Nordea Bank Abp acquires an 
asset or business or in connection with the merger 
of a subsidiary.
Customer-related intangible assets
In business combinations a portion of the purchase 
price is normally allocated to a customer-related 
intangible assets if the asset is identifiable and under 
Nordea’s control. An intangible asset is identifiable if 
it arises from contractual or legal rights or can be 
separated from the entity and sold, transferred, 
licensed, rented or exchanged. The asset is amortised 
over its useful life, generally over ten years.
IT development and computer software
Costs associated with maintaining computer soft-
ware programs are expensed as incurred. Costs 
directly associated with major software develop-
ment investments, with the ability to generate future 
economic benefits, are recognised as intangible 
assets. These costs include software development 
staff costs and overhead expenditures directly 
attributable to preparing the asset for use. Computer 
software also includes acquired software licences 
not related to the function of a tangible asset.
Amortisation is calculated on a straight-line basis 
over the useful life of the software, generally a 
period of three to five years, and in some circum-
stances for strategic infrastructure up to a maximum 
of ten years.
Intangible assets
EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Goodwill
Customer-related 
intangible assets1
Internally 
developed  
software Software licences Total Goodwill
Internally 
developed  
software Software licences Total
Acquisition value at beginning of year 245 – 2,328 222 2,795 348 2,275 447 3,070
Acquisitions – 1 454 82 537 – 397 60 457
Sales/disposals – – -16 0 -16 -100 -313 -279 -692
Reclassifications – 16 – -16 – – 0 – 0
Translation differences 0 0 45 3 48 -3 -31 -6 -40
Acquisition value at end of year 245 17 2,811 291 3,364 245 2,328 222 2,795
Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at beginning of year -218 – -889 -118 -1,225 -302 -923 -357 -1,582
Accumulated amortisation and impairment 
on sales/disposals – – 15 0 15 100 313 277 690
Amortisation according to plan -13 -2 -318 -51 -384 -18 -280 -43 -341
Impairment charges – – -2 – -2 – -11 -2 -13
Translation differences 0 0 -17 -2 -19 2 12 7 21
Accumulated amortisation and 
impairment at end of year -231 -2 -1,211
-171 -1,615 -218 -889 -118 -1,225
Total 14 15 1,600 120 1,749 27 1,439 104 1,570
1)  R eclassified from Software licenses and presented as a separate category.

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P4.2  Tangible assets
Accounting policies
Properties and equipment
Properties and equipment consist of properties for 
own use, leasehold improvements, IT equipment, fur-
niture and other equipment. Items of properties and 
equipment are measured at cost less accumulated 
depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. 
The cost of an item of property and equipment com-
prises its purchase price as well as any directly attrib-
utable costs of bringing the asset to the working 
condition for its intended use. Parts of an item of 
property and equipment are accounted for as sepa-
rate items if they have different useful lives.
Improvements are recognised as assets if they 
provide an improved function of the asset, while 
maintenance does not improve the function of the 
assets and is expensed as incurred.
Properties and equipment are depreciated on a 
straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of 
the assets. The estimates of the useful life of differ-
ent assets are reassessed on a yearly basis. 
The estimated useful lives of the assets are specified 
below: 
Buildings 30–75 years
Equipment 3–5 years
Leasehold  
improvements
For changes within buildings, the shorter of 10 
years and the remaining lease term. For new 
construction, the shorter of the principles used 
for owned buildings and the remaining lease 
term. Fixtures installed in leased properties are 
depreciated over the shorter of 10–20 years 
and the remaining lease term.
At each balance sheet date, Nordea Bank Abp assesses 
whether there is any indication that an item of prop-
erty and equipment may be impaired. If any such indi-
cation exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is 
estimated, and any impairment loss is recognised.
Impairment losses are reversed if the recoverable 
amount increases. The carrying amount is then 
increased to the recoverable amount but cannot 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been 
determined had no impairment loss been recognised.
Properties and equipment
EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Equipment1
Leasehold 
improvements Total Equipment1
Leasehold 
improvements Total
Acquisition value at beginning of year 104 290 394 364 484 848
Acquisitions 11 29 40 6 36 42
Sales/disposals -2 -2 -4 -273 -215 -488
Reclassifications 7 -7 – 6 -7 -1
Translation differences 0 5 5 1 -8 -7
Acquisition value at end of year 120 315 435 104 290 394
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
at beginning of year -58 -112 -170 -318 -303 -621
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
charges on sales/disposals 2 1 3 271 208 479
Depreciation according to plan -13 -21 -34 -12 -21 -33
Translation differences 0 -1 -1 1 4 5
Accumulated depreciation and impairment 
at end of year -69 -133 -202 -58 -112 -170
Total 51 182 233 46 178 224
1)  Incl uding buildings of EUR 2m (EUR 2m) and investment properties of EUR 0m (EUR 0m). Amounts related to investment properties recognised in the income statement 
were insignificant.
P4.3  Leases
Accounting policies
A lease is a contract that conveys the right to control 
the use of an identified asset for a period of time in 
exchange for consideration.
Leases are not recognised on Nordea Bank Abp’s 
balance sheet. Lease payments are recognised as 
“Other operating expenses” in the income statement 
on a straight-line basis over the lease term unless 
another systematic way better reflects the time pat-
tern of Nordea Bank Abp’s benefit. The lease terms 
normally range between 3 and 20 years. Leases are 
mainly related to office premises contracts and 
office equipment contracts  normal t o the business. 
Non-cancellable operating leases
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Less than one year 121 145
1–2 years 108 135
2–5 years 276 330
5–10 years 352 354
10–15 years 270 300
15–20 years 66 92
Total 1,193 1,356
Nordea Bank Abp operates from leased premises. The 
premises are mainly divided into head office contracts, 
branch office contracts and other contracts. Future mini-
mum lease payments under non-cancellable operating 
leases which are payable by Nordea Bank Abp are pre-
sented in the table above. 
The head office contracts in the different Nordic coun-
tries generally have a fixed lease term of 10–20 years. 
Usually these contracts either have continuation options or 
are automatically prolonged unless separately terminated 
at the end of the lease term.
Branch office contracts generally have fixed lease term 
of 1–10 years or are without an end date with the right to 
terminate. The termination clauses are generally 6–24 
months. The main principle is that the premises contracts 
do not contain purchase options. Company car contracts 
generally have a fixed lease term of less than five years.

===== SIDA 339 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 338
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P5 Provisions
Accounting policies
Provisions (which are presented as a liability) are 
recognised when Nordea Bank Abp has a present 
obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past 
event if it is probable (i.e. more likely than not) that 
an outflow of resources embodying economic bene-
fits will be required to settle the obligation, where a 
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the 
obligation. The amount recognised as a provision is 
the best estimate of the expenditure required to set-
tle the present obligation at the end of the reporting 
period.
Accounting policies relating to employee benefits 
are further described in Note P7 “Employee benefits 
and key management personnel remuneration” and 
relating to financial guarantee contracts and credit 
commitments in Note P6 “Off-balance sheet items”. 
Accounting policies for provisions for off-balance 
sheet items can be found in Note P3.7 “Loans”.
Provisions 
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Restructuring 50 68
Guarantees/commitments 188 214
Other 108 94
Total 346 376
Movements in restructuring and other provisions
EURm
Restructuring Other
2025 2024 2025 2024
At beginning of year 68 78 94 116
New provisions made 23 27 108 57
Provisions utilised -37 -34 -83 -79
Reversals -4 -5 -11 –
Reclassifications – 3 – –
Translation differences 0 -1 0 0
At end of year 50 68 108 94
Provisions for restructuring costs consist of staff-related 
restructuring of EUR 30m (EUR 47m) and premises-re-
lated obligations of EUR 20m (EUR 16m).
The staff-related provision is related to contracts 
entered into, or activities communicated but not yet exe-
cuted, where payments have not been made. These con-
tracts are entered into in the ordinary course of business. 
Approximately EUR 27m (EUR 27m) out of the total 
restructuring provision is expected to be utilised/paid out 
in 2026. All staff-related activities are expected to be exe-
cuted on in 2026, but payments are expected to extend 
into 2027. As for any other provision, there is uncertainty 
surrounding the timing and the amount to be finally paid. 
The uncertainty is expected to decrease as the plans are 
executed.
Loan loss provisions for off-balance sheet items 
amounted to EUR 188m (EUR 215m). More information on 
these provisions can be found in section 2 “Credit risk” in 
Note P10 “Risk and liquidity management” and Note P6 
“Off-balance sheet items”.
More information on AML-related matters can be found 
in section 6.3 “Financial crime prevention” in the Group’s 
Note G11 “Risk and liquidity management”.
P6 Off-balance 
sheet items
P6.1  Contingent liabilities
Accounting policies
A contingent liability is: 
• a possible obligation whose existence will be 
 confirmed only by future event(s) not wholly 
within Nordea Bank Abp’s control or
• a present obligation that is not recognised because 
it is not probable that an outflow of resources will 
be required to settle the obligation or the amount 
of the obligation cannot be measured with suffi-
cient reliability. 
Contingent liabilities are not recognised as liabilities 
on the balance sheet but disclosed as an off-balance 
sheet item unless the possibility of an outflow is 
remote.
When an outflow is more likely than not, a 
 provision is recognised on the balance sheet. The 
accounting policies covering provisions can be found 
in Note P5 “Provisions”.
Guarantees and documentary credits are recog-
nised on the balance sheet under the expected 
credit loss requirements as further defined in Note 
P3.7 “Loans”. Changes in provisions are recognised 
in the income statement in the line item “Net loan 
losses”. 
Premiums received for financial guarantees are 
amortised over the guarantee period and recognised 
as “Fee and commission income” in the income 
statement. The contractual amounts are recognised 
off balance sheet, net of any provisions.
The table below includes all issued guarantees, also those 
for which the possibility of an outflow of resources is con-
sidered remote.
Contingent liabilities
EURm 31 Dec 2025
Of which on behalf of 
group undertakings
Loan guarantees 33,684 31,688
Other guarantees 20,641 3,095
Documentary credits 450 –
Other contingent liabilities 4 –
Total 54,779 34,783
EURm 31 Dec 2024
Of which on behalf of 
group undertakings
Loan guarantees 35,260 33,426
Other guarantees 19,120 618
Documentary credits 433 0
Other contingent liabilities 50 –
Total 54,863 34,044
In its normal business, Nordea Bank Abp issues various 
forms of guarantees in favour of its customers. Loan guar-
antees are provided for customers to guarantee obliga-
tions in other credit and pension institutions. Other guar-
antees mainly consist of commercial guarantees such as 
bid guarantees, advance payment guarantees, warranty 
guarantees and export-related guarantees. Contingent lia-
bilities also include unutilised irrevocable import docu-
mentary credits and confirmed export documentary cred-
its. These transactions are part of the bank´s services and 
support Nordea Bank Abp´s customers.
The 2025 Annual General Meeting decided that Nordea 
Bank Abp will cover or reimburse the members of the 
Board of Directors all costs and expenses related to or 
arising from the Board membership, including travel, logis-
tics and accommodation as well as consultative, legal and 
administrative costs. The legal costs can e.g. include 
required costs of legal defence and claims made (during 
and after their period of office) against Board members in 
cases where Board members are not found liable or guilty 
of any intentional wrongdoing or grossly negligent 
behaviour.

===== SIDA 340 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 339
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P6.1  Contingent liabilities, cont.
As of 2023 members of the GLT are afforded coverage 
and reimbursement corresponding to that of the Board in 
instances related to or arising from their GLT membership. 
In addition, as of 2019 Nordea Bank Abp has undertaken 
to indemnify the members of the GLT against legal 
expenses incurred in relation to certain claims or investi-
gations by third parties based on circumstances or events 
which occurred during the members’ respective terms of 
office, excluding crimes or actions made with intent or 
gross negligence, up to a capped aggregate amount of 
EUR 37.5m, unless the Board decides otherwise on a case-
by-case basis.
Nordea Bank Abp has undertaken, in relation to certain 
individuals and on certain conditions, to be responsible for 
the potential payment liability against these individuals in 
their capacity of managing directors or board members of 
group undertakings of Nordea Bank Abp. 
Nordea Bank Abp purchases directors and officers lia-
bility insurance, which provides cover for personal liabili-
ties of its Board of Directors and management as well as 
liability assumed by the bank to a certain extent following 
indemnification undertakings. The terms and conditions 
including the total limit of liability of the directors and 
officers liability insurance programme are in line with 
large European banks.
A limited number of employees are entitled to sever-
ance pay if they are dismissed before reaching their nor-
mal retirement age. For further information, see Note P7.4 
“Key management personnel remuneration”. 
P6.2  Commitments
Accounting policies
Commitments are irrevocable promises to extend 
credit or make other types of payments in the future. 
Unutilised credit facilities are also disclosed as 
commitments.
Irrevocable commitments are recognised on the 
balance sheet under the expected credit loss 
requirements as further defined in Note P3.7 
“Loans”. Changes in provisions are recognised in 
“Net loan losses” in the income statement. 
Premiums received on credit commitments are 
generally amortised over the loan commitment 
period. The contractual amounts are recognised off 
balance sheet, net of any provisions. 
Commitments
EURm 31 Dec 2025
Of which to  
group undertakings
Unutilised overdraft facilities 33,335 6,877
Loan commitments 71,359 19,358
Future payment obligations 482 –
Other commitments 3 –
Total 105,179 26,235
EURm 31 Dec 2024
Of which to  
group undertakings
Unutilised overdraft facilities 32,082 6,353
Loan commitments 66,900 20,743
Future payment obligations 545 –
Other commitments 3 –
Total 99,530 27,096
Reverse repurchase agreements are recognised on and 
derecognised from the balance sheet on the settlement 
date. As at 31 December 2025 Nordea Bank Abp had 
signed reverse repurchase agreements that have not yet 
been settled and consequently are not recognised on the 
balance sheet. On the settlement date these reverse 
repurchase agreements will, as far as possible, replace 
existing reverse repurchase agreements that were not 
derecognised as at  31 December 2025. The net impact on 
the balance sheet is minor. These instruments have not 
been disclosed as commitments.
For more information on reverse repurchase agree-
ments, see Note P3.2 “Transferred assets and obtained 
collateral”.
P6.3 Assets pledged
Accounting policies
Assets recognised on the balance sheet and pledged 
as security for Nordea Bank Abp’s own liabilities are 
disclosed as “Assets pledged as security for own lia-
bilities”. Assets recognised on the balance sheet and 
pledged for other than own liabilities are disclosed 
as “Assets pledged as security for other than own 
liabilities”. Securities borrowed and then used as col-
lateral are presented as “Transferred assets and 
obtained collateral” (see Note P3.2 “Transferred 
assets and obtained collateral” for accounting 
policies).
Assets pledged 
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Assets pledged as security for own liabilities 18,972 16,240
Assets pledged as security for other than 
own liabilities 169 236
Total 19,141 16,476
Assets pledged as security for own liabilities
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Assets pledged as security for own 
liabilities
Securities etc. 14,380 10,408
Other assets pledged 4,592 5,832
Total 18,972 16,240
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
The above pledges pertain to the 
following liabilities1
Deposits by credit institutions 10,241 8,522
Deposits and borrowings from the public 4,164 1,022
Derivatives 4,341 5,532
Other liabilities and commitments 224 257
Total 18,970 15,333
1) Liabilities after offsetting between assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. 
Assets pledged as security for own liabilities comprise 
securities pledged as security under repurchase agree-
ments and insecurities lending. The transactions are con-
ducted under standard agreements employed by financial 
market participants. Counterparties in those transactions 
are credit institutions and the public. The transactions are 
typically short term and mature with three months.
Other assets pledged relate to certificates of deposit 
pledged by Nordea Bank Abp to comply with the authori-
ties’ requirements. Nordea Bank Abp has not provided any 
pledges or mortgages on behalf of its customers.
Assets pledged as security for 
other than own liabilities
Assets pledged as security for other than own liabilities 
mainly relate to interest-bearing securities pledged as 
security for payment settlements with central banks and 
clearing institutions and amounted to EUR 169m (EUR 
236m). Only securities pledged overnight are disclosed 
(securities pledged intraday are excluded). Collateral 
pledged for items other than Nordea Bank Abp’s own lia-
bilities, e.g. for a third party or for Nordea Bank Abp’s own 
contingent liabilities, is also presented under this item. 
Nordea Bank Abp has not pledged any assets on behalf of 
group undertakings or associated undertakings.

===== SIDA 341 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 340
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P7 Employee benefits 
and key management 
personnel remuneration 
All forms of consideration given by Nordea Bank Abp to its 
employees as compensation for services performed are 
employee benefits. Employee benefits consist of short-
term benefits, post-employment benefits and share-based 
payment plans.
Short-term benefits are to be settled within twelve 
months after the reporting period when the services have 
been performed. Short-term benefits consist mainly of 
fixed and variable salary. For more information, see Note 
P7.1 “Fixed and variable salaries”.
Post-employment benefits are benefits payable after 
termination of the employment. Post-employment bene-
fits in Nordea Bank Abp consist only of pensions. For more 
information, see Note P7.2 “Pensions”.
Share-based payment plans cover share-based pay-
ments for services from employees. For more information, 
see Note P7.3 “Share-based payment plans”.
In addition, remuneration to key management person-
nel is disclosed in Note P7.4 “Key management personnel 
remuneration”.
Additional disclosures on remuneration
The Board of Directors’ report includes a separate section 
on remuneration. Further, in accordance with the Finnish 
Corporate Governance Code 2025 the Remuneration 
Report for Governing bodies 2025 will be prepared for the 
Annual General Meeting on 24 March 2026. Finally aggre-
gated disclosures for key management personnel and 
material risk takers (Pillar III, CRR article 450) will be pub-
lished on nordea.com ahead of the Annual General 
Meeting.
P7.1  Fix ed and variable salaries
Accounting policies
Short-term benefits
Short-term benefits consist mainly of fixed and vari-
able  salar y. Both fixed and variable salaries are 
expensed in the period when the employees per-
form services for Nordea Bank Abp. 
Short-term benefits that fulfil the capitalisation 
requirements defined in the accounting policies in 
Note P4.1 “Intangible assets” are included gross in 
this note, but subsequently capitalised and added to 
“Intangible assets” on the balance sheet.
Termination benefits
Termination benefits normally arise if employment is 
terminated before the normal retirement date or if an 
employee accepts an offer of voluntary redundancy. 
Termination benefits are expensed when Nordea 
Bank Abp has an obligation to make the payment. 
An obligation arises when a formal plan has been 
committed to on the appropriate organisational 
level and when Nordea Bank Abp is without realistic 
possibility of withdrawal, which normally occurs 
when the plan has been communicated to the 
affected individual or employee(s) or their 
representatives. 
Termination benefits can include both short-term 
benefits, for instance a number of months’ salary, 
and post-employment benefits, normally in the form 
of early retirement benefit.
Nordea Bank Abp’s Short Term Incentive Plans
Nordea Bank Abp operates Short Term Incentive Plans 
(STIPs). These are the Nordea Incentive Plan (NIP), which 
is offered to the CEO and members of the Group 
Leadership Team (GLT) and subject to invitation, to other 
employees, or bonus schemes (bonus) for selected 
employees in specific business areas or units as approved 
by the Board of Directors (Board). For more information, 
see section “Nordea’s Short Term Incentive Plans” in the 
Group’s Note G8.1.
Staff costs
EURm 2025 2024
Fixed and variable salaries1 -2,186 -2,093
Pension costs (specification in Note P7.2) -256 -244
Social security contributions -422 -400
Total -2,864 -2,737
Expenses capitalised in IT development 
projects2 133 118
Total -2,731 -2,619
1)  Of which all ocation to profit sharing for 2025 amounted to EUR -54m  
(EUR -55m), consisting of a new allocation of EUR -51m (EUR -55m) and an 
adjustment related to prior years of EUR -3m (EUR 0m).
2)  See No te P4.1 “Intangible assets”.
P7.2  Pensions
Accounting policies
Defined contribution plans
Pension plans that are based on defined contribution 
arrangements hold no pension liability for Nordea 
Bank Abp. Pension costs for defined contribution 
plans are recognised as an expense as the employee 
renders services to the entity and the contribution 
payable in exchange for that service becomes due. In 
general, the payment is associated with and settled 
through regular salary payments. Nordea Bank Abp 
also contributes to state pension plans. 
Pension costs for defined contribution plans that 
fulfil the capitalisation requirements defined in the 
accounting policies in Note P4.1 “Intangible assets” 
are included gross in this note, but subsequently 
capitalised and added to “Intangible assets” on the 
balance sheet.
Defined benefit plans
The major defined benefit plans are funded, covered 
by assets in pension funds/foundations. If the fair 
value of plan assets associated with a specific pen-
sion plan is lower than the gross present value of the 
defined benefit obligation determined using the 
projected unit credit method, the net amount is rec-
ognised as a liability (“Retirement benefit liabili-
ties”). If not, the net amount is recognised as an 
asset (“Retirement benefit assets”). Non-funded 
pension plans are recognised as “Retirement benefit 
liabilities”. 
Nordea Bank Abp’s net obligation for defined ben-
efit plans is calculated separately for each plan by 
estimating the amount of future benefit that employ-
ees have earned for their service in the current 
period and prior periods. That benefit is discounted 
to determine its present value. Actuarial calculations, 
including the projected unit credit method, are 
applied to assess the present value of defined bene-
fit obligations and related costs, based on several 
actuarial and financial assumptions. Current and past 
service cost is recognised in the income statement in 
the current year. Current service cost is defined as 
the increase in the present value of the defined ben-
efit obligation resulting from employee service in the 
current period. Past service cost is the change in the 
present value of the defined benefit obligation for 
employee service in prior periods triggered by plan 
amendments or curtailments.
The present value of the obligation and the fair 
value of any plan assets are impacted by changes in 
actuarial assumptions (discount rates (interest rates 
and credit spreads), inflation, salary increases, turn-
over and mortality) and experience effects, including 
actual outcome compared to assumptions. The 
remeasurement effects are recognised immediately 
in equity through the fair value reserve.
The discount rate is determined by reference to 
high-quality corporate bonds where a deep enough 
market for such bonds exists. Covered bonds are in 
this context considered to be corporate bonds. In 
Sweden, Norway and Denmark, the discount rate is 
determined with reference to covered bonds, 
whereas in Finland and the UK it is determined with 
reference to corporate bonds. In Sweden, Norway, 
Finland and Denmark, the observed bond credit 
spreads over the swap curve are derived from long-
dated covered or corporate bonds and extrapolated 
to the same duration as the pension obligations 
using the relevant swap curves. In the UK, the corpo-
rate bond credit spread over the government bond

===== SIDA 342 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 341
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P7.2  Pensions, cont.
rate is extrapolated to the same duration as the pen-
sion obligations using the government bond curve.
When the calculation results in a net asset, the 
recognised asset is limited to the present value of 
any future refunds from the plan or reductions in 
future contributions to the plan.
Social security contributions are calculated and 
accounted for based on the net recognised surplus 
or deficit by plan and are included on the balance 
sheet as “Retirement benefit liabilities” or 
“Retirement benefit assets”.
Pension costs to defined benefit plans that fulfil the 
capitalisation requirements defined in the accounting 
policies in Note P4.1 “Intangible assets” are included 
gross in this note, but subsequently capitalised and 
added to “Intangible assets” on the balance sheet.
Pension costs
The companies within Nordea Bank Abp have various 
pension plans. They consists of both defined benefit plans 
and defined contribution plans, reflecting national prac-
tices and conditions in the countries where Nordea Bank 
Abp operates.
Pension costs 
EURm 2025 2024
Defined contribution plans -240 -226
Defined benefit plans1 -16 -18
Total -256 -244
1)  Ex cluding special wage tax (SWT) in Sweden and social security contributions 
(SSC) in Norway totalling of EUR -4m (EUR -7m).
Defined contribution plans 
All new employees have been offered defined contribution 
plans since 2013 when the defined benefit plan in Sweden 
was closed for new members. The defined contribution 
plans follow the local collective agreements and regula-
tions in each country. 
In Norway, Nordea Bank Abp is part of a collectively 
agreed multi-employer pension plan in the private sector 
(AFP), providing entitled employees with a lifelong 
addition to their regular pensions. As no information is 
available on Nordea Bank Abp’s share of the liabilities/
assets and pension costs, the AFP is accounted for as a 
defined contribution plan.
The AFP plan is financed by an annual premium, for 
2025 equal to 2.7% of employees’ salary between 1 and 7.1 
times the Norwegian social security base amount (“G”). 
The premium amounted to EUR 4m (EUR 3m).
Defined benefit plans
The plans are operated in accordance with local regula-
tory requirements, collective agreements and local prac-
tice and are generally employer-financed final salary and 
service-based pension plans providing pension benefits in 
addition to the statutory systems. All defined benefit plans 
are closed for new entrants; new employees are offered 
defined contribution plans.
Retirement benefit assets and liabilities
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Plans with net retirement benefit assets 328 351
Plans with net retirement benefit liabilities 251 234
Net liability(-)/asset(+) 77 117
In general, the liabilities are safeguarded by assets in dedi-
cated pension funds or foundations or alternatively by 
credit insurance (Sweden only). Pension funds and founda-
tions hold both the assets and the pension liabilities, except 
for Sweden where the pension foundation serves as collat-
eral for the pension liabilities held by Nordea Bank Abp.
Minimum funding requirements differ between the 
pension funds and foundations according to local regula-
tory requirements. The funding requirement is generally 
that the pension obligations measured using local require-
ments must be covered in full by a local predefined sur-
plus. Other pension plans are not covered by funding 
requirements and are generally unfunded. The respective 
Nordea Bank Abp entities issuing the defined pension 
benefit serve as the sponsoring undertaking in accordance 
with the EU IORP II Directive.
Defined benefit plans impact Nordea Bank Abp via 
changes in the net present value of obligations and/or 
changes in the market value of plan assets.
P7.3  Shar e-based payment plans
Accounting policies
Equity-settled plans
An equity-settled share-based payment transaction 
occurs when Nordea Bank Abp receives goods or 
services and uses its own equity instruments as con-
sideration. Such transactions are recognised as a 
staff expense and a corresponding increase in 
equity. The expense is measured at the fair value of 
the goods or services received unless that fair value 
cannot be estimated reliably. In such cases, the 
expense is measured by reference to the fair value of 
the equity instruments awarded, which is the 
method used by Nordea Bank Abp. 
When Nordea Bank Abp issues such instruments, 
the award date fair value of these rights is expensed 
on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The 
fair value per right is estimated at award date and 
not subsequently updated. The vesting period is the 
period over which the employees have to remain in 
service at Nordea in order for their rights to vest.
For rights with non-market performance condi-
tions, the amount expensed is the award date fair 
value per right multiplied by the best estimate of 
rights that will eventually vest, which is reassessed 
at each reporting date. For rights with market per-
formance conditions, the total fair value is estimated 
based on the fair value of each right times the maxi-
mum number of rights at award date. Market condi-
tions are taken into account when estimating the fair 
value of the equity instruments awarded. Therefore, 
if all other vesting conditions (e.g. service condi-
tions) are met, Nordea Bank Abp recognises the 
expense for awards of equity instruments with mar-
ket conditions over the vesting period irrespective of 
whether that market condition is satisfied.
Social security costs are also allocated over the 
vesting period. The provision for social security costs 
is reassessed on each reporting date to ensure that 
the provision is based on the rights’ fair value at the 
reporting date.
Cash-settled plans
A cash-settled share-based payment transaction 
occurs when Nordea Bank Abp acquires goods or 
services by incurring a liability to transfer cash or 
other assets to the supplier of those goods or ser-
vices for amounts that are based on the price of 
equity instruments of Nordea Bank Abp. For 
cash-settled share-based payment transactions, the 
goods or services acquired and the liability incurred 
are measured at the fair value of the liability. The lia-
bility is remeasured at fair value at the end of each 
reporting period, with any changes in fair value rec-
ognised in the line item “Net result from securities at 
fair value through profit or loss” in the income 
statement. 
Nordea Bank Abp’s share-based remuneration plans
Nordea Bank Abp has several variable pay plans for selected 
Nordea Bank Abp employees (participants). The terms of 
the plans vary depending on the target group. Disclosures 
related to the share-based plans can be found below. All 
remuneration plans are also described in the section 
“Remuneration” of the Board of Directors’ report. 
Until the end of the performance/financial year 2018, 
Nordea Bank Abp’s share-based variable remuneration plans 
were partly in the form of equity-linked total shareholders’ 
return indexation (excluding dividends) and partly in the 
form of cash. The plans were consequently generally settled 
in cash and the portion indexed with Nordea’s total share-
holders’ return was accounted for as a cash-settled share-
based payment plan. The total shareholders’ return indexa-
tion resulted in a loss of EUR 0.7m in 2025 related to the 
remaining deferred payments  s temming from these plans.
Starting from the 2019 performance year, share-based 
variable pay plans are partly in the form of cash not linked 
to the Nordea share and partly in the form of Nordea 
shares, which makes the portion paid in Nordea shares an 
equity-settled share-based plan. Total shareholders’ return 
indexation may be used for share-based variable pay 
plans, subject to operational, administrative or tax issues 
as well as applicable regulation in certain legal entities.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 342
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P7.3  Share-based payment plans, cont.
The table below covers all plans with share-based plan 
expenses recognised in 2025 as well as the comparative 
figures for 2024. Figures for 2025 are based on the 
expected outcome and all figures are excluding social 
security expenses. The expense for 2025 is based on an 
assumption about the number of shares that will be 
awarded and deferred for delivery in later years.
Nordea Bank Abp’s Long Term Incentive Plans
See the, section “Nordea’s Long Term Incentive Plans” in 
the Group’s Note G8.3.
Share-based variable remuneration 
plans other than LTIP plans
See section “Share-based variable remuneration plans 
other than LTIP plans” in the Group’s Note G8.3.
The table below shows the remaining liabilities for the 
cash-settled share-based plans used 2014–2018. The table 
only includes deferred amounts indexed with Nordea TSR.
Share-linked deferrals (cash-settled) 
EURm 2025 2024
Opening balance 3 6
Deferred/earned during the period 0 –
TSR indexation during the period 1 –
Payments during the period -2 -3
Translation differences 0 –
Closing balance 2 3
Share-based payment plans 
Plan year
Equity-settled  
or cash-settled Delivery period Expense 2025 Expense 2024
Liability 
 31 Dec 2025
Liability 
 31 Dec 2024
Outstanding 
rights 
2025
- LTIP 2025–2027 Equity-settled 2028–2033 2 – – – Yes1
- NIP and bonus Equity-settled 2026–2031 10 – – – Yes2
- Buy-outs etc. Equity-settled 2025–2029 – – – – Yes 
2024
- LTIP 2024–2026 Equity-settled 2027–2032 2 2 – – Yes3
- NIP and bonus Equity-settled 2025–2030 5 10 – – Yes
- Buy-outs etc. Equity-settled 2024–2028 0 0 – – Yes
2023
- LTIP 2023–2025 Equity-settled 2026–2031 3 3 – – Yes4
- NIP and bonus Equity-settled 2024–2029 -2 5 – – Yes
- Buy-outs etc. Equity-settled 2023–2027 0 0 – – Yes
Previous years
Cash-settled 2022–2027 1 0 2 3 No
Equity-settled 2022–2030 -7 -4 – – Yes
Total 14 16 2 3
1)  Rights will be awarded following the end of the three-year performance period (2025–2027) over the delivery period (2028–2033).
2)  Rights will be awarded in 2026 based on the performance in 2025.
3)  Rights will be awarded following the end of the three-year performance period (2024–2026) over the delivery period (2027–2032).
4)  Rights will be awarded following the end of the three-year performance period (2023–2025) over the delivery period (2026–2031). 
P7.4  Key management  
personnel remuneration
Accounting policies 
For information about the accounting policies, see 
Note P7.1 “Fixed and variable salaries”, Note P7.2 
“Pensions” and Note P7.3 “Share-based payment 
plans”. For definition of key management personnel, 
see Note P9.8 “Related party transactions”. 
Board remuneration
For board remuneration, see section “Board remuneration” 
in the Group’s Note G8.4 Key management personnel 
remuneration.
Remuneration of the Chief Executive 
Officer, the Deputy Managing Director 
and the Group Leadership Team
For the Group Leadership Team remuneration, see section 
“Remuneration of the Chief Executive Officer, the Deputy 
Managing Director and the Group Leadership Team” in the 
Group’s Note G8.4 Key management personnel 
remuneration.
P7.5 Number of employees
The table below presents the number of employees by 
type of employment at the end period.
Number of employees
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024 Change
Permanent full-time 24,801 25,593 -791
Permanent part-time 921 999 -78
Fixed term 171 291 -120
Total number of employees  
end of period 25,893 26,883 -989

===== SIDA 344 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 343
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P8 Investments in 
group undertakings, 
associated undertakings 
and joint ventures
P8.1  Investments in group 
undertakings 
Accounting policies 
Group undertakings are the entities that Nordea 
Bank Abp controls. Control is generally achieved 
when Nordea Bank Abp holds, directly or indirectly 
through group undertakings, more than 50% of the 
voting rights. 
Nordea Bank Abp’s investments in group under-
takings are recognised under the cost model. At 
each balance sheet date, all shares in group under-
takings are reviewed for indications of impairment. 
If such indication exists, an analysis is performed to 
assess whether the carrying amount of each holding 
of shares is fully recoverable. The recoverable 
amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell 
and the value in use. Any impairment charge is 
 calculated as the difference between the carrying 
amount and the recoverable amount and is pre-
sented in the line item “Depreciation, amortisation 
and impairment charges” in the income statement.
Impairment losses are reversed if the recoverable 
amount increases. The carrying amount is then 
increased to the recoverable amount but cannot 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been 
determined had no impairment loss been recognised.
Group undertakings
This specification includes all directly owned group under takings.
Registration 
number Domicile
Number of 
shares
Carrying amount  
31 Dec 2025  
EURm
Carrying amount  
31 Dec 2024,  
EURm
Shareholding, 
%
Nordea Kredit Realkreditaktieselskab1 15134275 Copenhagen 17,172,500 2,951 2,950 100.0
Nordea Hypotek AB (publ)1 556091-5448 Stockholm 100,000 3,323 3,083 100.0
Nordea Eiendomskreditt AS1 971227222 Oslo 16,781,828 2,899 2,926 100.0
Fionia Asset Company A/S 31934745 Copenhagen 148,742,586 1,185 1,185 100.0
Nordea Finance Finland Ltd1 0112305-3 Helsinki 1,000,000 1,067 1,067 100.0
Nordea Baltic AB 559220-4688 Stockholm 1,000 8 8 100.0
Nordea Mortgage Bank Plc1 2743219-6 Helsinki 257,700,000 1,341 1,281 100.0
Nordea Life Holding AB 556742-3305 Stockholm 1,000 722 722 100.0
Nordea Finance Equipment AS3 987664398 Oslo – – 685 –
LLC Promyshlennaya Kompaniya Vestkon2 1027700034185 Moscow 4,601,942,680 72 59 100.0
Nordea Finans Norge AS3 924507500 Oslo 63,000 1,141 635 100.0
Nordea Funds Ltd 1737785-9 Helsinki 3,350 385 385 100.0
Nordea Asset Management Holding AB 559104-3301 Stockholm 500 265 245 100.0
Nordea Finans Danmark A/S3 89805910 Høje Taastrup 20,006 271 177 100.0
Nordea Finans Sverige AB (publ)1, 3 556021-1475 Stockholm 1,000,000 215 111 100.0
Nordea Essendropsgate 
Eiendomsforvaltning AS 986610472 Oslo 7,500 33 34 100.0
Nordea Markets Holding Company INC 36-468-1723 New York 1,000 91 91 100.0
Nordic Baltic Holding (NBH) AB 556592-7950 Stockholm 1,000 1 1 100.0
Privatmegleren AS 986386661 Oslo 12,000,000 9 9 100.0
Danbolig A/S 13186502 Copenhagen 1 1 1 100.0
Structured Finance Servicer A/S 24606910 Copenhagen 2 1 1 100.0
Nordea Hästen Fastighetsförvaltning AB 556653-6800 Stockholm 1,000 0 0 100.0
First Card AS 963215371 Oslo 200 0 0 100.0
Nordea Vallila Fastighetsförvaltning Ab 1880368-8 Helsinki 1,000 0 0 100.0
Kiinteistö Oy Kaarenritva 0362827-4 Vantaa 100 0 0 100.0
Nordea Limited 03051044 London 2 – – 100.0
Total 15,981 15,656
1)  Credit institutions.
2)  In accordance with its strategy, Nordea is focusing on its business in the Nordic region. This has entailed the Group winding down its operations in Russia. The liquidation of 
the remaining Russian subsidiary is pending finalisation. 
3)  In 2025 Nordea Finance Equipment AS was merged into Nordea Finans Sverige AB (publ), Nordea Finans Norge AS and Nordea Finans Danmark A/S.
P8.2  Investments in associated 
undertakings and joint ventures
Accounting policies 
Associated undertakings are the entities where 
Nordea Bank Abp’s share of voting rights is between 
20% and 50% and/or where Nordea Bank Abp has 
significant influence. Significant influence is the 
power to participate in the financial and operating 
policy decisions of the investee but is not control or 
joint control over those policies. 
Joint ventures are the entities where Nordea Bank 
Abp has joint control. Joint control is the contractu-
ally agreed sharing of control of an arrangement, 
which exists only when decisions about the relevant 
activities require the unanimous consent of the par-
ties sharing control.
Nordea Bank Abp’s investments in associated 
undertakings and joint ventures are recognised 
under the cost model. At each balance sheet date, 
all shares in associated undertakings and joint ven-
tures are reviewed for indications of impairment. If 
such indication exists, an analysis is performed to 
assess whether the carrying amount of each holding 
of shares is fully recoverable. The recoverable 
amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell 
and the value in use. Any impairment charge is cal-
culated as the difference between the carrying 
amount and the recoverable amount and is pre-
sented in the line item “Depreciation, amortisation 
and impairment charges” in the income statement.
Impairment losses are reversed if the recoverable 
amount increases. The carrying amount is then 
increased to the recoverable amount but cannot 
exceed the carrying amount that would have been 
determined had no impairment loss been 
recognised.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 344
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P8.2  Investments in associated undertakings and joint ventures, cont.
Associated undertakings and joint ventures 1
Associated undertakings
Registration 
number Domicile
Carrying amount 
Shareholding, %2025, EURm 2024, EURm
Eksportfinans ASA2,3 816521432 Oslo – 42 –
Eiendomsverdi AS 881971682 Oslo 10 10 25
Suomen Luotto-osuuskunta 0201646-0 Helsinki 1 1 28
Bankomat AB 556817-9716 Stockholm 5 5 20
OPEN POS Nordic Group AB 559063-2369 Gothenburg 2 2 46
Subaio ApS 37766585 Aalborg 2 2 20
CrediWire ApS 37264628 Copenhagen 2 2 7
Getswish AB 556913-7382 Stockholm 8 8 20
Svenska e-fakturabolaget AB 556563-0596 Stockholm 2 1 50
Other 0 0
Total 32 73
Joint ventures
Siirto Brand Oy 3102648-1 Helsinki 6 0 50
Tibern AB 559384-3542 Stockholm 1 1 14
Invidem AB 559210-0779 Stockholm – – 17
Finansinfrastruktur i Sverige AB4 559198-9610 Stockholm 32 0 23
Total 39 1
Total investments in associated undertakings and joint ventures 71 74
1)  All shares in associated undertakings and joint ventures are unlisted. 
2)  Credit institutions.
3)  Eksportfinans ASA was sold in 2025.
4)  In 2025 P27 Nordic Payments Platform AB changed its name to Finansinfrastruktur i Sverige AB.
P8.3  Currency translation  
of foreign entities
Accounting policies 
The financial statements are presented in euro 
(EUR). When translating the financial statements of 
foreign branches into EUR from their functional cur-
rency, the assets and liabilities of foreign branches in 
Nordea Bank Abp have been translated at the clos-
ing rates, while items in the income statement are 
translated at the average exchange rate for the year. 
The average exchange rates are calculated based on 
daily exchange rates divided by the number of busi-
ness days in the period. Translation differences are 
recognised in the retained earnings in equity.
Any remaining equity in foreign branches is con-
verted at the closing rates with translation differ-
ences recognised in equity.
Information on the most important exchange 
rates is  disclosed in the section “Exchange rates” in 
P1 “Accounting policies”.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 345
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9 Other  
disclosures
P9.1  Equity 
Accounting policies
Equity is the residual interest in recognised assets 
after deduction of recognised liabilities. For equity, 
there are no requirements to distribute cash flows. 
Instruments are classified as financial liabilities if such 
genuine requirements exist, for instance to pay when 
a triggering event occurs that is beyond the control of 
both the issuer and the holder of the instruments. 
Any payments connected to instruments classified 
as equity are accounted for directly in equity and 
presented as dividends. Nordea Bank Abp has deter-
mined that payments on financial instruments classi-
fied as equity (i.e. Additional Tier 1 instruments with 
write-down features) are distribution of profits and 
they are therefore accounted for as dividends. 
Dividends to shareholders are recognised as a reduc-
tion of equity when the Annual General Meeting has 
adopted the proposal. The reduction of equity is 
accounted for when the Board of Directors decides 
on dividends in situations where the Annual General 
Meeting has given the Board of Directors a mandate 
to make such a decision up to a certain cap.
Investments in own shares are not accounted for 
as assets; instead, they are recognised as a reduction 
in equity net of any transaction costs. Acquisitions of 
treasury shares as part of the Markets trading oper-
ations are recognised as a reduction in invested 
unrestricted equity. Treasury shares acquired to opti-
mise the capital structure and Nordea Bank Abp’s 
buy-back programmes are recognised as a reduction 
in retained earnings. Transaction costs related to 
repurchasing of treasury shares are also recognised 
in equity. There is no impact on the financial state-
ments when shares are cancelled. Sales of own 
shares in the trading operations are recognised as 
increases in invested unrestricted equity. 
Contracts on Nordea shares that can be settled 
net in cash, for instance derivatives such as options 
and warrants, are either presented as financial 
assets or liabilities, meaning that these are not 
equity instruments. 
Additional Tier 1 capital holders
Nordea Bank Abp has issued perpetual subordinated 
instruments (Additional Tier 1 instruments) which are con-
verted into a variable number of Nordea shares in case a 
pre-defined CET1 trigger level for either the Nordea Group 
or Nordea Bank Abp is breached. Interest payments are 
fully discretionary and mandatorily cancelled in certain cir-
cumstances. As Nordea Bank Abp may be obliged to deliver 
a variable number of Nordea shares, these Additional Tier 1 
instruments are classified as financial liabilities. 
Nordea Bank Abp has also issued perpetual subordi-
nated instruments (Additional Tier 1 instruments) which will 
be written down instead of converted into Nordea shares in 
case a pre-defined CET1 trigger level for either the Nordea 
Group or Nordea Bank Abp is breached. Interest payments 
are fully discretionary and mandatorily cancelled in certain 
circumstances. These instruments are classified as equity as 
there is no requirement for Nordea Bank Abp to pay interest 
or principal to the holders of the instruments. By the end of 
2025 no such instruments were outstanding.
Share capital
The share capital amounts to EUR 4,049,951,919. The 
shares in Nordea Bank Abp have no nominal value. Each 
share carries one voting right. For more information about 
the number of registered shares, see section “Nordea 
shares” below.
Invested unrestricted equity
Includes the reserve for invested unrestricted equity which 
consists of the subscription price of the shares in Nordea 
Bank Abp’s share issue or rights issue which has not been 
recorded in share capital. The reserve for invested unre-
stricted equity has also been impacted by acquisitions and 
sales of treasury shares as part of the Markets trading 
operations.
Other reserves
Consist of a fair value reserve including reserves for cash 
flow hedges, financial assets classified in the category 
“Financial assets at fair value through other comprehen-
sive income”, accumulated remeasurements of defined 
benefit pension plans as well as a reserve for currency 
translation differences.
Retained earnings
Primarily comprise Nordea Bank Abp’s undistributed prof-
its from previous years and currency translation 
differences.
Equity
EURm
Restricted equity Unrestricted equity
Share  
capital
Other 
reserves
Invested 
unrestricted 
equity
Retained 
earnings
Additional 
Tier 1 capital 
holders
Total  
equity
Balance at 1 Jan 2025 4,050 -37 1,053 22,310 750 28,126
Net profit for the year – – – 4,742 – 4,742
Currency translation differences – – – 202 – 202
Investments in foreign operations:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – -39 – – – -39
Fair value measurement of financial assets:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – 131 – – – 131
Transferred to the income statement, net of tax – -22 – – – -22
Cash flow hedges1:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – -1,957 – – – -1,957
Transferred to the income statement, net of tax – 1,890 – – – 1,890
Changes in own credit risk related to liabilities at fair value option:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – 1 – – – 1
Defined benefit plans:
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans during the year, net of tax – -104 – – – -104
Transactions with owners:
Share-based payments – – – 14 – 14
Paid interest on Additional Tier 1 capital,  
net of tax – – – -21 – -21
Change in Additional Tier 1 capital – – – – -750 -750
Dividend – – – -3,268 – -3,268
Sale/purchase of own shares2 – – 24 -897 – -873
Other changes: – – – – 0 0
Balance at 31 Dec 2025 4,050 -137 1,077 23,082 0 28,072
1)  For more detailed information, see Note P3.5 “Hedge accounting”.
2)  Refers to the change in the holding of own shares related to treasury shares for capital optimisation purposes, the trading portfolio and Nordea’s shares within portfolio 
schemes in Denmark.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 346
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9.1  Equity, cont.
Equity
EURm
Restricted equity Unrestricted equity
Share  
capital
Other 
reserves
Invested 
unrestricted 
reserve
Retained 
earnings
Additional 
Tier 1 capital 
holders
Total  
equity
Balance at 1 Jan 2024 4,050 -198 1,063 21,969 750 27,634
Net profit for the year – – – 4,189 – 4,189
Currency translation differences – – – -156 – -156
Investments in foreign operations:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – 30 – – – 30
Fair value measurement of financial assets:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – -43 – – – -43
Transferred to the income statement, net of tax – -4 – – – -4
Cash flow hedges1:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – 1,487 – – – 1,487
Transferred to the income statement, net of tax – -1,457 – – – -1,457
Changes in own credit risk related to liabilities at fair value option:
Valuation gains/losses, net of tax – -6 – – – -6
Defined benefit plans:
Remeasurement of defined benefit plans during the year, net of tax – 74 – – – 74
Transactions with owners:
Share-based payments – – – 16 – 16
Paid interest on Additional Tier 1 capital,  
net of tax – – – -21 – -21
Dividend – – – -3,218 – -3,218
Sale/purchase of own shares2 – – -10 -372 – -382
Other changes: – 81 – -97 0 -16
Balance at 31 Dec 2024 4,050 -37 1,053 22,310 750 28,126
1)  For more detailed information, see Note P3.5 “Hedge accounting”.
2)  Refers to the change in the holding of own shares related to treasury shares for capital optimisation purposes, the trading portfolio and Nordea’s shares within portfolio 
schemes in Denmark. 
Distributable funds
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Invested unrestricted equity 1,077 1,053
Additional Tier 1 capital holders – 750
Retained earnings 18,340 18,121
Net profit for the year 4,742 4,189
Total 24,159 24,113
Capitalised development costs -1,600 -1,439
Total distributable funds1 22,559 22,674
1)  For the full amounts in euro, see the section “Proposed distribution of earnings” 
in the Board of Directors’ report.
Nordea shares
Nordea Bank Abp’s Articles of Associations do not contain 
any provisions on shares classes or voting rights. 
Consequently, Nordea Bank Abp has one class of shares 
(Nordea shares) and all shares in Nordea Bank Abp are 
ordinary shares. Each share confers one vote at Nordea 
Bank Abp’s general meetings as well as an equal right to 
any dividend. Nordea Bank Abp is not entitled to vote with 
its own shares at general meetings. The Nordea share 
does not have any nominal value.
At the 2025 Annual General Meeting (AGM), the Board 
of Directors was authorised to decide on the repurchase of 
an aggregate of not more than 340,000,000 own shares, 
subject to the condition that the number of own shares 
held by Nordea Bank Abp together with its subsidiaries at 
any given time does not exceed 10% of all Nordea shares. 
The authorisation will remain in force and effect until 18 
months from the resolution of the Annual General Meeting.
The 2025 AGM authorised the Board of Directors of 
Nordea Bank Abp to resolve, on one or several occasions, 
on the issuance of special rights entitling to either new 
shares in the company or treasury shares against payment 
(convertibles) in accordance with or in deviation from the 
shareholder’s preemptive subscription rights. The maxi-
mum number of shares that may be issued based on this 
authorisation is 340,000,000. The authorisation will remain 
in force and effect until the earlier of (i) the end of the 
next Annual General Meeting of the company or (ii) 18 
months from the resolution of the meeting. 
Moreover, the 2025 AGM authorised the Board of Directors 
of Nordea Bank Abp to resolve, on one or several occasions, 
on the issuance of new shares or transfer of the company’s 
own shares of not more than 30,000,000 shares. The authori-
sation will remain in force and effect until the earlier of (i) the 
end of the next Annual General Meeting of the company or 
(ii) 18 months from the resolution of the meeting. 
Nordea continued its share buy-back programmes 
approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with the 
authorisation granted by the 2024 and 2025 Annual 
General Meetings. See the 2025 share buy-back pro-
grammes in the table below. 
Announced on Completed on Amount, EURm
17 October 2024 20 February 2025 250
6 March 2025 22 May 2025 250
12 June 2025 19 September 2025 250
16 October 2025 12 December 2025 250
16 December 2025 To be completed in 2026 500
For information on Additional Tier 1 loans that convert into 
shares, see Note P3.14 “Subordinated liabilities”. For infor-
mation on share-based incentive plans, see Note P7.3 
“Share-based payment plans” and for information on 
authorisations held by the Board of Directors, see “Share 
issue resolution” under “The Nordea share and external 
credit ratings” in the Board of Directors’ report.
The table below shows the change during the year in the 
total number of Nordea shares as well as the change during 
the year in the number of outstanding Nordea shares where 
the non-cancelled treasury shares are deducted.
Also the total number of own shares (treasury shares) 
as at 31 December is given in the table below.
Total number of Nordea shares 2025 2024
Total number of shares  
at 1 January 3,502,631,963 3,528,279,508
New shares issued during the year – 8,000,000
Cancelled own shares during  
the year -68,790,718 -33,647,545
Total number of Nordea shares  
at 31 December 3,433,841,245 3,502,631,963

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 347
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9.1  Equity, cont.
Number of outstanding  Nordea 
shares 2025 2024
Number of outstanding Nordea 
shares at 1 January 3,485,474,444 3,519,189,319
Repurchased own shares -68,888,643 -33,984,078
Shares granted in remuneration 
programmes for Nordea Bank 
Abp’s management 1,214,870 1,273,349
Trading portfolio and Nordea 
Bank Abp’s shares within portfolio 
schemes in Denmark 2,052,998 -1,004,146
Number of outstanding Nordea 
shares at 31 December 3,419,853,669 3,485,474,444
Number of own shares 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Holdings of own shares related to treasury 
shares, trading portfolio and Nordea Bank 
Abp’s shares within portfolio schemes in 
Denmark1 13,987,576 17,130,649
–  o f which treasury shares for 
remuneration purposes 10,299,096 11,513,966
1) T otal acquisition price for holdings of own shares at 31 December 2025 was  
EUR 64.4m (EUR 77.5m).
Own shares bought and sold as part 
of market-making activities
Nordea Bank Abp has bought and sold its own shares as 
part of its normal trading and market-making activities. 
The trades are specified in the table below.
The 2025 Annual General Meeting resolved that Nordea 
Bank Abp, before the end of the next Annual General 
Meeting, may repurchase its own shares in the ordinary 
course of its securities trading business. The number of 
own shares to be repurchased may not exceed 
175,000,000 shares. 
The 2025 Annual General Meeting resolved that Nordea 
Bank Abp, before the end of the next Annual General 
Meeting, may transfer own shares in the ordinary course of 
its securities trading business. The number of own shares 
to be transferred may not exceed 175,000,000 shares.
Acquisitions and sales of own shares during the year
2025
Acquisitions1 Sales1
Quantity
Average price, 
EUR
Amount,  
EUR 000 Quantity
Average price, 
EUR
Amount,  
EUR 000
January 5,240,802 11.39 -59,692 -6,120,130 11.44 70,018
February 6,979,702 12.30 -85,868 -6,340,975 12.35 78,306
March 9,386,440 12.56 -117,915 -9,810,083 12.39 121,535
April 7,518,190 10.99 -82,635 -8,101,941 11.07 89,671
May 7,528,304 12.62 -95,017 -8,110,375 12.67 102,722
June 7,020,282 12.52 -87,890 -7,314,026 12.57 91,934
July 4,757,351 12.58 -59,846 -4,332,154 12.57 54,469
August 4,546,800 13.35 -60,685 -4,448,297 13.39 59,572
September 8,975,365 13.70 -123,003 -8,989,125 13.72 123,371
October 6,318,010 14.49 -91,578 -6,403,834 14.45 92,531
November 7,330,169 14.89 -109,172 -7,344,518 14.93 109,652
December 26,545,491 15.55 -412,740 -26,884,446 15.61 419,705
Total 102,146,906 -1,386,040 -104,199,904 1,413,486
2024
Acquisitions1 Sales1
Quantity
Average price, 
EUR
Amount,  
EUR 000 Quantity
Average price, 
EUR
Amount,  
EUR 000
January 5,553,761 11.34 -62,971 -5,889,972 11.30 66,535
February 6,532,537 10.90 -71,187 -6,971,391 10.95 76,356
March 6,397,549 10.93 -69,928 -5,435,594 10.87 59,076
April 7,795,627 10.85 -84,601 -7,327,819 10.85 79,482
May 7,300,345 11.30 -82,464 -7,164,347 11.30 80,947
June 4,952,268 11.28 -55,866 -5,073,284 11.30 57,337
July 6,338,147 10.83 -68,624 -6,521,354 10.87 70,883
August 10,226,971 10.43 -106,671 -10,395,093 10.45 108,647
September 4,507,465 10.55 -47,552 -4,043,594 10.56 42,707
October 7,138,308 10.62 -75,842 -7,244,108 10.64 77,053
November 4,536,445 10.78 -48,909 -5,090,453 10.78 54,870
December 6,989,023 10.64 -74,361 -6,107,291 10.64 64,970
Total 78,268,446 -848,976 -77,264,300 838,863
1) Excluding Nordea shares related to securities lending.
P9.2  A dditional disclosures on  
the cash flow statement 
Accounting policies
The cash flow statement shows inflows and out-
flows of cash and cash equivalents during the year 
for total operations. Nordea Bank Abp’s cash flow 
statement has been prepared in accordance with the 
indirect method, whereby operating profit is 
adjusted for effects of non-cash transactions such as 
depreciation and loan losses. Cash flows are classi-
fied by operating, investing and financing activities.
Operating activities
Cash flows from operating activities, which are the princi-
pal revenue-producing activities, are mainly derived from 
profits during the year adjusted for items not included in 
cash flows and income taxes paid. Adjustment for items 
not included in cash flows includes:
EURm 2025 2024
Depreciation, amortisation and impairment 
charges of tangible and intangible assets 420 387
Impairment of shares and interests in group 
undertakings and associated undertakings 8 -2
Loan losses 39 102
Unrealised gains/losses 2,510 130
Capital gains/losses (net) -55 6
Change in accruals and provisions -298 544
Translation differences -333 299
Change in fair value of hedged items, 
assets/liabilities (net) 174 645
Other 44 -129
Total 2,509 1,982
Operating assets and liabilities consist of assets and liabili-
ties that are part of normal business activities, such as 
loans, deposits and debt securities in issue. Changes in 
derivatives are reported on a net basis.

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P9.2  A dditional disclosures on the cash flow statement, cont.
Cash flows from operating activities include interest pay-
ments received and interest expenses paid in the following 
amounts:
EURm 2025 2024
Interest payments received 12,331 15,387
Interest expenses paid -7,206 -9,900
Investing activities
Investing activities include investments in and capital con-
tributions to group undertakings as well as acquisition and 
disposal of non-current assets such as property and equip-
ment and intangible and financial assets.
Financing activities
Financing activities are activities that result in changes in 
equity and subordinated liabilities such as new issues of 
shares, dividends and issued/amortised subordinated 
liabilities.
Cash and cash equivalents
The following items are included in “Cash and cash 
equivalents”:
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Cash and balances with central banks 36,338 44,862
Loans to central banks payable on demand 4 4
Loans to credit institutions payable on 
demand 401 349
Total 36,743 45,215
For the definition of cash and balances with central banks, 
see Note P3.6 “Cash and balances with central banks”. 
Loans to central banks and credit institutions payable on 
demand include liquid assets not represented by bonds or 
other interest-bearing securities.
P9.3  Maturity analysis
Accounting policy
The following table presents the remaining contrac-
tual maturities of the Nordea Bank Abp’s financial 
assets and liabilities. On-demand deposits are 
reported in the bucket “Under 3 months”. Loans 
where the lender can demand repayment upon 
request are reported according to their earliest pos-
sible contractual maturity date when repayment can 
be demanded. For derivatives, the cash inflows and 
outflows are disclosed for both derivative assets and 
derivative liabilities as derivatives are managed on a 
net basis. For further information about remaining 
maturity, see also Note P10 “Risk and liquidity 
management”.
Maturity analysis
31 Dec 2025, EURm 
Under  
3 months
3–12  
months
1–5  
years
Over 5  
years Total
Assets
Cash and balances with central banks 36,338 – – – 36,338
Loans to credit institutions 13,179 28,067 45,875 326 87,447
Loans to the public 67,286 21,666 56,167 23,348 168,467
Interest-bearing securities1 1,761 13,818 62,614 10,676 88,869
Derivatives 130 208 17,717 186 18,241
Other assets 18,419 53 4,558 114 23,144
Total 137,113 63,812 186,931 34,650 422,506
Liabilities
Deposits by credit institutions and central banks 38,508 2,169 1,350 – 42,027
Deposits and borrowings from the public 221,822 5,189 17,580 5,711 250,302
Debt securities in issue 15,024 32,898 25,469 5,600 78,991
Subordinated liabilities 921 – 5,276 2,613 8,810
Derivatives 192 276 17,995 394 18,857
Other liabilities 2,947 737 6,217 1,410 11,311
Total 279,414 41,269 73,887 15,728 410,298
31 Dec 2024, EURm 
Under  
3 months
3–12  
months
1–5  
years
Over 5  
years Total
Assets
Cash and balances with central banks 44,862 – – – 44,862
Loans to credit institutions 10,272 24,684 39 834 349 75,139
Loans to the public 60,417 20,116 48,359 23,085 151,977
Interest-bearing securities1 8,394 10,366 56,399 5,820 80,979
Derivatives 4,133 3,823 6,525 11,573 26,054
Other assets 5,748 162 13,525 5,023 24,458
Total 133,826 59,151 164,642 45,850 403,469
Liabilities
Deposits by credit institutions and central banks 34,165 2,043 98 0 36,306
Deposits and borrowings from the public 221,424 5,142 8,308 5,232 240,106
Debt securities in issue 20,197 27,949 17,594 4,387 70,127
Subordinated liabilities – 92 4,894 2,424 7,410
Derivatives 3,264 793 10,265 11,605 25,927
Other liabilities 3,136 558 5,946 869 10,509
Total 282,186 36,577 47,105 24,517 390,385
1) Incl uding “Debt securities eligible for refinancing with central banks” of EUR 78,724m (EUR 71,349m).

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9.4  Ass ets and liabilities in EUR and other currencies
Accounting policies
The following table presents the assets and liabili-
ties of Nordea Bank Abp broken down by balances 
in EUR and in foreign currencies. A balance in for-
eign currency is defined as a balance which should 
be translated into EUR when preparing financial 
statements.
More information on translation of assets and 
 liabilities can be found in Note P1 “Accounting 
policies“.
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
EURm
Foreign  
currency Total EURm
Foreign  
currency Total
Assets
Cash and balances with central banks 18,856 17,482 36,338 22,365 22,497 44,862
Loans to credit institutions 20,119 67,328 87,447 19,832 55,307 75,139
Loans to the public 66,114 102,353 168,467 57,311 94,666 151,977
Interest-bearing securities1 46,253 42,616 88,869 38,892 42,087 80,979
Derivatives 17,237 1,004 18,241 24,677 1,377 26,054
Other assets 35,277 7,550 42,827 35,989 7,465 43,454
Total 203,856 238,333 442,189 199,066 223,399 422,465
Liabilities
Deposits by credit institutions and central banks 28,385 13,642 42,027 23,969 12,337 36,306
Deposits and borrowings from the public 80,482 169,820 250,302 70,636 169,470 240,106
Debt securities in issue 64,573 14,418 78,991 58,990 11,137 70,127
Derivatives 17,890 967 18,857 24,812 1,115 25,927
Other liabilities 17,768 6,172 23,940 16,758 5,115 21,873
Total 209,098 205,019 414,117 195,165 199,174 394,339
1) Incl uding “Debt securities eligible for refinancing with central banks” of EUR 78,724m (EUR 71,349m).
P9.5  Other assets
Accounting policies
Other assets are assets that do not qualify for any of 
the other line items covering assets. Under the 
accrual basis of accounting, accrued income is 
income that is not yet invoiced and prepaid expenses 
are future expenses that are paid in advance.
For additional accounting policies, see Note P3.1 
“Recognition on and derecognition from the balance 
sheet”, Note P3.3 “Classification and measurement” 
and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
This note includes the specifications for the balance sheet 
line items “Other assets” and “Prepaid expenses and 
accrued income”.
Other assets
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Cash items in process of collection 115 153
Claims on securities settlement proceeds 1,348 1,111
Cash/margin receivables related to 
derivatives 3,194 5,118
Other 704 514
Total 5,361 6,896
Prepaid expenses and accrued income
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Accrued interest income 1 2
Other accrued income 171 555
Prepaid expenses 427 430
Total 599 987
P9.6  Other liabilities
Accounting policies
Other liabilities are liabilities that do not qualify for 
any of the other line items covering liabilities. Under 
the accrual basis of accounting, accrued expenses 
are expenses incurred but for which an invoice has 
not yet been received and prepaid income is future 
income that is received in advance.
For additional accounting policies, see Note P3.1 
“Recognition on and derecognition from the balance 
sheet”, Note P3.3 “Classification and measurement” 
and Note P3.4 “Fair value”.
This note includes the specifications for the balance sheet 
line items “Other liabilities” and “Accrued expenses and 
 prepaid income”.
Other liabilities
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Liabilities on securities settlement proceeds 1,060 954
Sold, not held, securities 5,093 3,250
Cash items in process of collection 2,035 2,423
Accounts payable 76 91
Cash/margin payables related to 
derivatives 3,535 4,220
Other 1,755 1,721
Total 13,554 12,659
Accrued expenses and prepaid income
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Accrued interest expenses 16 10
Other accrued expenses 803 1,193
Prepaid income 63 54
Total 882 1,257

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9.7  Cus tomer assets under 
management
Accounting policies
Customer assets under management are assets that 
are held and managed on behalf of customers but 
are not  r ecognised on Nordea Bank Abp’s balance 
sheet.
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Asset management 156,225 134,660
Custody assets 251,491 238,352
Total 407,716 373,012
P9.8  Related party  
transactions
Accounting policies
Related party
A related party is a person or entity that is related to 
Nordea Bank Abp. Related parties are grouped in 
the following categories:
• Shareholders with significant influence
• Group undertakings
• Associated undertakings and joint ventures
• Key management personnel
• Other related parties.
Shareholders with significant influence
Shareholders with significant influence are share-
holders that have the power to participate in the 
financial and operating policy decisions of Nordea 
Bank Abp but do not control those policies.
Group undertakings
Group undertakings are defined as the subsidiaries 
of the parent company, Nordea Bank Abp. Further 
information on the undertakings owned by Nordea 
Bank Abp is found in Note P8.1 “Investments in 
group undertakings”.
Transactions between Nordea Bank Abp and its 
subsidiaries are performed according to the arm’s 
length principle in conformity with OECD require-
ments on transfer pricing. 
Associated undertakings and joint ventures
For the definition of associated undertakings and 
joint ventures, see Note P8.2 “Investments in associ-
ated undertakings and joint ventures”.
Key management personnel
Key management personnel are the persons having 
authority and responsibility for planning, directing 
and controlling the activities in Nordea Bank Abp, 
directly or indirectly, including any director of the 
entity.
Other related parties
Other related parties comprise subsidiaries of share-
holders with significant influence, close family mem-
bers of key management personnel and companies 
controlled or jointly controlled by key management 
personnel or by close family members of key man-
agement personnel.
Related party transactions
A related party transaction is a transfer of resources, 
services or obligations between Nordea Bank Abp 
and a related party, regardless of whether a price is 
charged. See also accounting policies in Note P7.4 
“Key management personnel remuneration”.
All transactions with related parties are made on the same 
criteria and terms as those of comparable transactions 
with external parties of similar standing, apart from loans 
granted to employees as well as certain other commit-
ments to key management personnel, see Note P7.4 “Key 
management personnel remuneration” and Note P6.1 
“Contingent liabilities”.
In Nordea Bank Abp key management personnel 
includes the following positions:
• Board of Directors
• Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
• Deputy Managing Director
• Group Leadership Team.
Loans to key management personnel amounted to EUR 
2.9m (EUR 1.0m) and interest income on these loans 
amounted to EUR 0.0m (EUR 0.0m). Deposits from key 
management personnel amounted to EUR 1.2m (EUR 
5.7m) and interest on these deposits amounted to EUR 
-0.0m (EUR -0.1m). Loan commitments to key manage-
ment personnel amounted to EUR 4.0m (EUR 0.0m).
For key management personnel employed by Nordea 
Bank Abp the same credit terms apply as for other 
employees. In Finland, the employee interest rate for mort-
gage loans corresponds to Nordea Bank Abp’s funding 
cost with a margin of 30bp and for other loans the 
employee interest rate corresponds to Nordea Bank Abp’s 
funding cost with a margin of 45–500bp. In Denmark, the 
employee interest rate for loans is variable and between 
2.50–4.45% depending of the type of mortgage. In 
Norway, the variable interest rate on loans to employees is 
4.44%. Mortgage loans with fixed interest rates are offered 
with the same rates as mortgage loans to Premium cus-
tomers. In Sweden, loans approved with employee condi-
tions are a maximum at SEK 3m for any type of loan and 
maximum amount at SEK 0.4m for car loans. The interest 
rate for these loans is 215bp lower than the corresponding 
interest rate for external customers. For interest on loans 
above SEK 3m and SEK 0.4m respectively, the employees 
receive the same maximal discount as Nordea’s best exter-
nal customers. 
Loans to family members of key management person-
nel who do not live in the same household as key manage-
ment personnel are granted on normal market terms, as 
are loans to key management personnel who are not 
employed by Nordea Bank Abp. For more information 
about transactions with key management personnel, see 
Note P7.4 “Key management personnel remuneration”.
The loan quality for key management personnel and 
their family members is good with no significant increase 
in credit risk. Loan loss provisions for key management 
personnel are included in the collectively assessed allow-
ances shown in Note P2.10 “Net loan losses”.
Nordea Bank Abp has not pledged any assets on behalf 
of key management personnel or their close family 
members.
For information about remuneration to key manage-
ment personnel, see Note P7.4 “Key management person-
nel remuneration”.

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P9.8  Related party transactions, cont.
The information below is presented from Nordea Bank Abp’s perspective, meaning that the information shows the effect 
of related party transactions on Nordea Bank Abp’s figures. 
Related party transactions
EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Group 
undertakings
Associated 
undertakings and 
joint ventures
Other related 
parties2
Group 
undertakings
Associated 
undertakings and 
joint ventures
Other related 
parties2
Assets
Debt securities eligible for refinancing  
with central banks 11,555 – – 11,180 – –
Loans to credit institutions 77,313 – – 68,788 – –
Loans to the public 3,395 33 0 2,600 25 0
Interest-bearing securities 6,621 – – 6,287 – –
Derivatives 626 – – 849 – –
Other assets 326 – – 290 – –
Prepaid expenses and accrued income 229 – – 260 – –
Total assets 100,065 33 0 90,254 25 0
Liabilities
Deposits by credit institutions and central banks 7,897 0 – 7,673 0 –
Deposits and borrowings from the public 3,422 0 38 3,354 1 11
Debt securities in issue 251 – – 202 – –
Derivatives 825 0 – 943 3 –
Other liabilities 1,194 0 0 533 0 0
Accrued expenses and deferred income 30 – – 13 – –
Provisions – 0 – – 0 –
Total liabilities 13,619 0 38 12,718 4 11
Off-balance sheet items1 164,963 0 5 159,476 9 5
Related party transactions, cont.
EURm
2025 2024
Group 
undertakings
Associated 
undertakings and 
joint ventures
Other related 
parties2
Group 
undertakings
Associated 
undertakings and 
joint ventures
Other related 
parties2
Income statement
Interest income 2,882 0 0 3,259 0 0
Interest expense -129 0 0 280 0 0
Net fee and commission income 499 0 0 466 0 0
Total net result from items at fair value3 -50 0 0 -117 -1 0
Other operating income 683 – 0 745 – 0
Total operating expenses -98 0 – -87 0 –
Profit before loan losses 3,787 0 0 4,546 -1 0
1)  Including nominal values of derivatives.
2)  Shareholders with significant influence (including their subsidiaries), close family members of key management personnel at Nordea Bank Abp and companies controlled or 
jointly controlled by key management personnel or by close family members of key management personnel at Nordea Bank Abp are considered to be related parties to 
Nordea Bank Abp. Other related parties also include Nordea Bank Abp’s pension foundations.
3)  Including the income statement line items “Net result from securities at fair value through profit or loss” and “Net result from securities at fair value through fair value 
reserve”.

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and  
liquidity management
1.  Risk governance ..................................................................................352
2. Credit risk ................................................................................................352
3. Counterparty credit risk  ..................................................................367
4. Market risk ..............................................................................................367
5. Operational risk ....................................................................................367
6. Compliance risk ....................................................................................367
7. Liquidity risk  ..........................................................................................367
1. Risk governance
Maintaining organisational risk awareness is an integral 
part of Nordea Bank Abp’s business strategy. Nordea Bank 
Abp has defined clear risk and liquidity management 
frameworks, including policies and instructions covering 
all risk exposures. 
For more information on Nordea Bank Abp’s risk and 
liquidity management, see section 1 “Risk governance” in 
the Group’s Note G11.
Internal Control Framework
See section 1.1 “Internal Control Framework” in the Group’s 
Note G11.
Decision-making bodies for risk, liquidity 
and capital management 
See section 1.2 “Decision-making bodies for risk, liquidity 
and capital management” in the Group’s Note G11.
Governance of risk management and compliance
See section 1.3 “Governance of risk management and 
 compliance” in the Group’s Note G11.
Disclosure requirements of the Capital 
Requirements Regulation – Capital and 
Risk Management Report 2025
Additional information on risk and capital management is 
presented in the Capital and Risk Management Report 
2025, in accordance with the Capital Requirements 
Regulation. 
2. Credit risk
Credits granted within Nordea Bank Abp must conform to 
the common principles established for Nordea. Nordea 
Bank Abp strives to have a well-diversified credit portfolio 
that is adapted to the structure of its home markets and 
economies. Nordea Bank Abp’s loan portfolio is split by 
type of exposure class (corporate and retail) or by sector, 
then further broken down by segment, industry and geo-
graphy and reported monthly, quarterly and annually. For 
more information on the key principles for managing 
Nordea Bank Abp’s risk exposures, see the Group’s Note 
G11, section 2 “Credit risk”.
For credit risk management, credit risk definition and 
identification as well as credit risk mitigation, see sections 
2 “Credit risk”, 2.2 “Credit risk definition and identification” 
and 2.3 “Credit risk mitigation” in the Group’s Note G11.
Exposures, allowances and provisions
Including on- and off-balance sheet exposures, the total 
credit risk exposure at year end was EUR 522bn (EUR 
488bn). Credit risk is measured, monitored and segmented in 
different ways. On-balance sheet lending consists of amor-
tised cost lending and fair value lending and constitutes the 
major part of the credit portfolio. Amortised cost lending is 
the basis for impaired loans, allowances and loan losses. 
Credit risk in lending is measured and presented as the 
principal amount of on-balance sheet claims, i.e. loans to 
credit institutions and to the public, and off-balance sheet 
potential claims on customers and counterparties, net 
after allowances. Credit risk exposure also includes the 
risk related to derivative contracts and securities financing. 
Nordea Bank Abp’s loans to the public increased by 10.9% 
to EUR 168bn during 2025 (EUR 152bn). The corporate 
portfolio increased approximately 14.2%, while the house-
hold portfolio decreased by 0.8%. The overall credit qual-
ity is solid with strongly rated customers, and the macroe-
conomic outlook has improved during the year. Of the 
lending to the public portfolio, corporate customers 
accounted for 63.5% (63.7%), reverse repurchase agree-
ments for 21.4% (18.8%), household customers for 14.1% 
(15.6%) and the public sector for 1.0% (1.8%). Loans to 
central banks and credit institutions increased to EUR 
87bn at the end of 2025 (EUR 75bn).
Credit-impaired loans at amortised cost increased to EUR 
1,957m (EUR 1,889m). The increase was mainly related to 
the corporate portfolio, which increased by 4% and EUR 
62m to EUR 1,447m. The largest increase is in Consumer 
discretionary and services, increasing by EUR 136m, driven 
by the Media and entertainment and Retail trade industries 
and secondly in Commercial and professional services in 
the Industrials industry group, which increased from EUR 
29m to EUR 89m. This is partly offset by smaller reductions 
in Financial institutions, Maritime and Real estate industry 
groups. 
Net loan losses for 2025 amounted to EUR 23m (EUR 
83m), corresponding to an annual net loan loss ratio of 2bp 
(7bp). Net loan losses consisted of EUR 9m in the corporate 
portfolio with some concentration in the industrials and 
consumer discretionary portfolios. The household portfolio 
had net loan losses of EUR 14m. At the end of the year, 
management judgement allowances amounted to EUR 
179m (EUR 300m).
The management judgement is intended to cover 
excess losses from macroeconomic shocks and uncertain-
ties that are regarded as extraordinary in relation to a nor-
mal contraction in the economic cycle and are therefore 
not adequately captured by the existing IFRS 9 ECL mod-
elling and known IFRS 9 model and data issues will be 
captured in later model updates. The uncertainties are 
mainly connected to geopolitical and macro-economic 
conditions. The level at the end of 2025 compared with the 
end of 2024 decreased by EUR 121m reflecting a continued 
decline in the financial and economic risks influencing 
loan losses, driven by decreased uncertainty and the per-
sistence of strong credit quality.
Total allowances for 2025 amounted to EUR 1,188m 
(1,395m). Loan allowances for 2025 amounted to EUR 
998m (1,179m). This was driven by reduced allowances in 
all stages. Of loan allowances to the public, stage 1 
accounted for EUR 59m (94m), stage 2 for EUR 184m (EUR 
240m) and stage 3 for EUR 753m (EUR 840). The coverage 
ratio was 0.03% for stage 1 (0.05%), 2.9% for stage 2 (3.1%) 
and 38% for stage 3 (44%).
Stage 2 loans at amortised cost decreased to EUR 
6,467m (EUR 7,658m). The decrease is mainly due to 
improved economic environment and positive portfolio 
migration particularly in the second half of 2025, affecting 
both the household and corporate portfolio. Stage 2 cover-
age ratio decreased to 2.9% (3.1%).
Forbearance is eased terms or restructuring due to the 
borrower experiencing or about to experience financial dif-
ficulties. The intention of granting forbearance for a limited 
time period is to help the customer return to a sustainable 
financial situation ensuring full repayment of the outstand-
ing debt. Examples of eased terms are changes in amorti-
sation profile, repayment schedule, customer margin as 
well as easing of covenants. Forbearance is undertaken on 
a selective and individual basis for all customers and is fol-
lowed by impairment testing. Forborne loans decreased by 
EUR 214m to EUR 2,046m during the year, of which 87% 
related to the corporate portfolios and 13% related to the 
household portfolios. The forbearance coverage ratio 
increased from 18% to 20%.

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity management , cont.
Maximum exposure to credit risk
EURm Note
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Amortised cost and 
fair value through fair 
value reserve
Financial assets at 
fair value through 
profit or loss 
Amortised cost and 
fair value through fair 
value reserve
Financial assets at 
fair value through 
profit or loss 
Loans to credit institutions P3.3, P3.7 84,209 3,238 73,163 1,976
Loans to the public P3.3, P3.7 132,343 36,124 123,348 28,629
Interest-bearing securities1 P3.3, P3.8 62,697 26,172 54,865 26,114
Derivatives P3.3, P3.10 – 18,241 – 26,054
Off-balance sheet items P6.1, P6.2 159,019 – 153,362 –
Total 438,268 83,775 404,738 82,773
1) Including the balance sheet line item “Debt securities eligible for refinancing with central banks”.
Collateral distribution
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Financial collateral 3.1% 2.3%
Receivables 1.3% 1.3%
Residential real estate 39.8% 32.3%
Commercial real estate 42.2% 47.2%
Other physical collateral 13.6% 16.9%
Total 100.0% 100.0%
Allowances for credit risk
EURm Note 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Loans to credit institutions P3.7 2 5
Loans to the public P3.7 996 1,174
Interest-bearing securities 
measured at fair value through fair 
value reserve or amortised cost
1 P3.8 2 2
Off-balance sheet items P5 188 215
Total 1,188 1,396
1)  Including the balance sheet line item “Debt securities eligible for refinancing 
with central banks”.
Assets taken over for protection of claims 1
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Current assets, carrying amount:
Shares and other participations 2 2
Total 2 2
1)  In accordance with Nordea Bank Abp’s policy for taking over assets for protec-
tion of claims, which is in compliance with the local banking business acts wher-
ever Nordea Bank Abp is located. Assets used as collateral for the loan are gen-
erally taken over when the customer is not able to fulfil its obligations towards 
Nordea Bank Abp. The assets taken over are disposed at the latest when full 
recovery is reached.
Loan-to-value 1
Retail mortgage exposure
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
EURbn % EURbn %
<50% 11.8 84.5 11.8 83.9
50–70% 1.5 10.6 1.5 11.0
71–80% 0.3 2.4 0.4 2.5
81–90% 0.2 1.2 0.2 1.2
>90% 0.2 1.3 0.2 1.3
Total 14.0 100.0 14.0 100.0
1)  The amount and per sentages in the table includes the relevant part of a loan, not 
the total loan.
Forbearance
EURm 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Forborne loans 2,046 2,259
 - of which defaulted 976 964
Allowances for individually assessed  
impaired and forborne loans 407 417
 - of which defaulted 374 374
Key ratios 31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Forbearance ratio1 0.9% 1.1%
Forbearance coverage ratio2 19.9% 18.5%
 - of which defaulted 38.3% 38.8%
1) Forborne loans/Loans held at amortised cost before allowances. 
2) Individual allo wances on forborne loans/Forborne loans.
Loans to corporate customers, by size of loans
Size in EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Loans 
EURm %
Loans 
EURm %
0–10 24,922 17 26,085 21
11–50 38,099 27 35,001 28
51–100 24,773 17 23,924 19
101–250 37,409 26 26,819 21
251–500 11,377 8 7,531 6
501– 6,564 5 5,990 5
Total 143,144 100 125,350 100
Credit-impaired loans and ratios
EURm 2025 2024
Gross credit-impaired loans, amortised 
cost, EURm 1,957 1,889
 - of which servicing 913 877
 - of which non-servicing 1,044 1,012
Impairment ratio (stage 3), gross, bp 90 96
Impairment ratio (stage 3), net, bp 55 53
Allowances in relation to loans  
(stages 1 and 2), bp 11 17
Total allowance ratio  
(stages 1, 2 and 3), bp 46 60
Allowances in relation to credit-impaired 
loans (stage 3), % 38 44
Past due loans
EURm
31 Dec 2025 31 Dec 2024
Corporate 
customers
Household 
customers
Corporate 
customers
Household 
customers
6–30 days 129 176 98 180
31–60 days 44 49 27 54
61–90 days 15 23 18 30
>90 days 215 244 352 266
Total 403 492 495 531
Past due (incl. 
impaired) loans 
divided by loans to  
the  public aft er 
allowances, % 0.3 2.1 0.4 2.2
Net loan losses and loan loss ratios
2025 2024
Net loan losses, EURm -23 -83
Net loan loss ratio, amortised cost, bp 2 7
 - of which stage 3 11 11
 - of which stages 1 and 2 -9 -4
Net loan loss ratio, including fair value gains, bp1 1 5
Net loan loss ratio, Personal Banking, bp1 8 1
Net loan loss ratio, Business Banking, bp1 1 20
Net loan loss ratio, Large Corporates & Institutions, bp1 1 -1
1)  Net loan losses including loan losses from loans at fair value recognised through fair value reserve divided by total lending at amortised cost and at fair value, bp.

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Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost and fair value 
31 Dec 2025, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden1 Other Total 
Financial institutions 4,255 3,590 828 12,262 1,017 21,952
Agriculture 520 262 3,066 89 5 3,942
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 269 126 13 11 5 424
 Animal husbandr y 214 132 21 4 – 371
 Fishing and aquacul ture 37 4 3,032 74 0 3,147
Natural resources 37 693 400 490 77 1,697
 P aper and forest products 32 372 157 384 77 1,022
 Mining and suppor ting activities 4 314 10 105 – 433
 Oil , gas and offshore 1 7 233 1 – 242
Consumer staples 2,258 717 812 1,813 48 5,648
 F ood processing and beverages 282 207 533 615 0 1,637
 Hous ehold and personal products 85 68 121 437 1 712
 Healthcare 1,891 442 158 761 47 3,299
Consumer discretionary and services 801 1,948 2,201 4,070 23 9,043
 C onsumer durables 86 191 204 1,814 22 2,317
 Media and en tertainment 186 277 87 562 0 1,112
 R etail trade 387 1,186 771 1,281 1 3,626
 Air tr ansportation 90 1 28 31 0 150
 A ccommodation and leisure 51 207 575 208 – 1,041
 T elecommunication services 1 86 536 174 – 797
Industrials 4,545 4,210 6,986 7,982 202 23,925
 Materials 784 546 191 458 38 2,017
 Capit al goods 514 1,000 190 1,558 41 3,303
 C ommercial and professional services 870 693 1,483 1,621 95 4,762
 Construction 371 638 3,063 1,185 0 5,257
 Whol esale trade 1,334 592 750 1,899 7 4,582
 L and transportation 323 238 53 472 17 1,103
 IT  services 349 503 1,256 789 4 2,901
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost and fair value, cont.
31 Dec 2025, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden1 Other Total 
Maritime 257 137 3,958 54 81 4,487
 Shipbuilding 0 1 26 0 – 27
 Shipping 0 57 3,819 37 81 3,994
 Maritime s ervices 257 79 113 17 – 466
Utilities and public service 1,100 2,919 1,774 770 1 6,564
 Utilitie s distribution 914 1,130 1,025 512 0 3,581
 P ower production 153 1,541 564 159 1 2,418
 Public s ervices 33 248 185 99 0 565
Real estate 898 7,813 9,271 9,692 – 27,674
 C ommercial real estate 748 4,798 7,980 9,055 – 22,581
  R esidential real estate companies 12 1,037 571 520 – 2,140
 Tenant-owned associations 138 1,978 720 117 – 2,953
Other industries 190 0 0 4 1,894 2,088
Total corporate 14,861 22,289 29,296 37,226 3,348 107,020
Housing loans 6,296 2,985 3,333 0 – 12,614
Collateralised lending 2,935 3,693 342 746 – 7,716
Non-collateralised lending 639 479 322 1,904 – 3,344
Household 9,870 7,157 3,997 2,650 – 23,674
Public sector 623 545 67 412 3 1,650
Reverse repurchase agreements – 36,123 – – – 36,123
Loans to the public by country 25,354 66,114 33,360 40,288 3,351 168,467
 o f which loans at fair value – 36,123 – – – 36,123

===== SIDA 356 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 355
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost and fair value 
31 Dec 2024, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden1 Other Total 
Financial institutions 3,562 3,211 818 9,338 980 17,909
Agriculture 553 294 2,648 46 4 3,545
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 307 143 19 9 4 482
 Animal husbandr y 217 147 22 5 – 391
 Fishing and aquacul ture 29 4 2,607 32 – 2,672
Natural resources 51 734 539 293 91 1,708
 P aper and forest products 42 472 181 275 91 1,061
 Mining and suppor ting activities 6 254 10 18 – 288
 Oil , gas and offshore 3 8 348 0 – 359
Consumer staples 2,804 696 991 1,846 55 6,392
 F ood processing and beverages 165 229 713 490 8 1,605
 Hous ehold and personal products 89 66 121 406 2 684
 Healthcare 2,550 401 157 950 45 4,103
Consumer discretionary and services 902 1,865 2,352 4,040 24 9,183
 C onsumer durables 102 219 233 1,814 23 2,391
 Media and en tertainment 257 291 103 608 0 1,259
 R etail trade 358 1,045 888 1,155 0 3,446
 Air tr ansportation 123 1 16 28 – 168
 A ccommodation and leisure 59 241 603 206 – 1,109
 T elecommunication services 3 68 509 229 1 810
Industrials 4,015 3,980 6,080 6,570 342 20,987
 Materials 594 414 191 517 50 1,766
 Capit al goods 517 914 146 1,084 49 2,710
 C ommercial and professional services 719 464 1,398 1,058 203 3,842
 Construction 417 790 2,746 1,057 – 5,010
 Whol esale trade 1,427 615 726 1,883 23 4,674
 L and transportation 69 219 126 347 15 776
 IT  services 272 564 747 624 2 2,209
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost and fair value, cont.
31 Dec 2024, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden1 Other Total 
Maritime 137 146 4,158 55 155 4,651
 Shipbuilding – 0 116 0 – 116
 Shipping 30 56 3,883 34 155 4,158
 Maritime s ervices 107 90 159 21 0 377
Utilities and public service 726 2,737 1,763 664 0 5,890
 Utilitie s distribution 578 1,170 999 372 – 3,119
 P ower production 95 1,322 595 201 0 2,213
 Public s ervices 53 245 169 91 0 558
Real estate 886 7,306 8,850 7,513 – 24,555
 C ommercial real estate 681 4,423 7,577 6,954 – 19,635
  R esidential real estate companies 56 857 462 400 – 1,775
 Tenant-owned associations 149 2,026 811 159 – 3,145
Other industries 107 0 – 1 1,792 1,900
Total corporate 13,743 20,969 28,199 30,366 3,443 96,720
Housing loans 6,101 3,067 3,298 0 – 12,466
Collateralised lending 3,282 3,737 301 798 – 8,118
Non-collateralised lending 685 484 351 1,761 – 3,281
Household 10,068 7,288 3,950 2,559 – 23,865
Public sector 676 425 17 1,642 3 2,763
Reverse repurchase agreements – 28,629 – – – 28,629
Loans to the public by country 24,487 57,311 32,166 34,567 3,446 151,977
 o f which loans at fair value – 28,629 – – – 28,629

===== SIDA 357 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 356
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, broken down by sector and industry
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Gross Allowances
Net
Net loan 
loss1Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Financial institutions 21,654 309 17 6 10 12 21,952 21
Agriculture 3,779 139 57 4 5 24 3,942 11
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 352 60 26 0 4 10 424 3
 Animal husbandr y 311 46 29 0 1 14 371 9
 Fishing and aquacul ture 3,116 33 2 4 0 0 3,147 -1
Natural resources 1,640 52 18 1 2 10 1,697 1
 P aper and forest products 973 43 18 1 1 10 1,022 -2
 Mining and suppor ting activities 424 9 0 0 0 0 433 0
 Oil , gas and offshore 243 0 0 0 1 0 242 3
Consumer staples 5,418 227 21 3 8 7 5,648 4
 F ood processing and beverages 1,532 104 11 1 5 4 1,637 1
 Hous ehold and personal products 701 10 3 0 1 1 712 1
 Healthcare 3,185 113 7 2 2 2 3,299 2
Consumer discretionary and services 8,071 671 560 3 22 234 9,043 -11
 C onsumer durables 2,046 236 79 1 4 39 2,317 4
 Media and en tertainment 871 117 152 0 5 23 1,112 6
 R etail trade 3,255 244 286 2 11 146 3,626 -21
 Air tr ansportation 150 0 1 0 0 1 150 1
 A ccommodation and leisure 954 72 42 0 2 25 1,041 -3
 T elecommunication services 795 2 0 0 0 0 797 2
Industrials 21,838 1,877 547 14 89 234 23,925 -33
 Materials 1,756 227 60 1 12 13 2,017 -3
 Capit al goods 3,051 250 38 2 18 16 3,303 -2
 C ommercial and professional services 4,442 288 89 3 13 41 4,762 -20
 Construction 4,716 500 136 4 13 78 5,257 11
 Whol esale trade 4,145 393 125 1 28 52 4,582 -11
 L and transportation 1,053 40 25 0 1 14 1,103 -1
 IT  services 2,675 179 74 3 4 20 2,901 -7
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, broken down by sector and industry, cont.
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Gross Allowances
Net
Net loan 
loss1Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Maritime 4,461 29 0 2 1 0 4,487 5
 Shipbuilding 27 0 0 0 0 0 27 2
 Shipping 3,980 16 0 2 0 0 3,994 4
 Maritime s ervices 454 13 0 0 1 0 466 -1
Utilities and public service 6,406 105 87 3 2 29 6,564 -3
 Utilitie s distribution 3,483 45 83 2 1 27 3,581 -6
 P ower production 2,413 5 1 1 0 0 2,418 3
 Public s ervices 510 55 3 0 1 2 565 0
Real estate 26,344 1,273 140 10 9 64 27,674 -3
Other industries 2,088 0 0 0 0 0 2,088 -1
Total corporate 101,699 4,682 1,447 46 148 614 107,020 -9
Housing loans 11,793 689 186 2 9 43 12,614 -16
Collateralised lending 7,003 632 175 5 11 78 7,716 4
Non-collateralised lending 2,818 438 127 6 16 17 3,344 -2
Household 21,614 1,759 488 13 36 138 23,674 -14
Public sector 1,621 8 22 0 0 1 1,650 0
Loans to the public 124,934 6,449 1,957 59 184 753 132,343 -23
Loans to credit institutions 84,193 18 0 2 0 0 84,209 –
Total 209,127 6,467 1,957 61 184 753 216,552 -23
1) The t able shows net loan losses related to on- and off-balance sheet exposures for the full year 2025.

===== SIDA 358 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 357
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, broken down by sector and industry
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Gross Allowances
Net
Net loan 
loss1Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Financial institutions 17,405 498 59 6 17 30 17,909 -8
Agriculture 3,347 185 56 3 14 26 3,545 -4
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 407 77 16 0 11 7 482 -11
 Animal husbandr y 311 62 40 0 3 19 391 8
 Fishing and aquacul ture 2,629 46 0 3 0 0 2,672 -1
Natural resources 1,662 46 12 2 2 8 1,708 -6
 P aper and forest products 1,019 41 12 1 2 8 1,061 -4
 Mining and suppor ting activities 283 5 0 0 0 0 288 0
 Oil , gas and offshore 360 0 0 1 0 0 359 -2
Consumer staples 6,215 183 16 7 7 8 6,392 18
 F ood processing and beverages 1,515 92 8 2 3 5 1,605 11
 Hous ehold and personal products 670 14 3 1 1 1 684 0
 Healthcare 4,030 77 5 4 3 2 4,103 7
Consumer discretionary and services 8,157 857 424 9 32 214 9,183 -25
 C onsumer durables 2,121 243 83 1 5 50 2,391 -7
 Media and en tertainment 1,080 157 55 1 2 30 1,259 -7
 R etail trade 2,978 357 248 5 22 110 3,446 -14
 Air tr ansportation 165 2 2 0 0 1 168 0
 A ccommodation and leisure 1,007 94 31 2 3 18 1,109 4
 T elecommunication services 806 4 5 0 0 5 810 -1
Industrials 18,862 2,007 475 19 84 254 20,987 -56
 Materials 1,640 86 67 2 4 21 1,766 -12
 Capit al goods 2,443 273 24 3 13 14 2,710 7
 C ommercial and professional services 3,522 317 29 -1 9 18 3,842 -11
 Construction 4,348 624 147 6 25 78 5,010 -17
 Whol esale trade 4,201 442 114 5 24 54 4,674 -23
 L and transportation 711 67 11 1 3 9 776 12
 IT  services 1,997 198 83 3 6 60 2,209 -12
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, broken down by sector and industry, cont.
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Gross Allowances
Net
Net loan 
loss1Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Maritime 4,502 130 51 0 1 31 4,651 11
 Shipbuilding 4 113 0 0 1 0 116 -1
 Shipping 4,135 3 51 0 0 31 4,158 12
 Maritime s ervices 363 14 0 0 0 0 377 0
Utilities and public service 5,760 93 103 4 2 60 5,890 -59
 Utilitie s distribution 3,041 39 100 2 1 58 3,119 -58
 P ower production 2,206 7 1 1 0 0 2,213 -1
 Public s ervices 513 47 2 1 1 2 558 0
Real estate 22,865 1,592 185 16 14 57 24,555 38
Other industries 1,897 0 4 0 0 1 1,900 3
Total corporate 90,672 5,591 1,385 66 173 689 96,720 -88
Housing loans 11,577 794 177 6 15 61 12,466 21
Collateralised lending 7,265 736 198 5 19 57 8,118 3
Non-collateralised lending 2,728 526 109 17 33 32 3,281 -19
Household 21,570 2,056 484 28 67 150 23,865 5
Public sector 2,742 2 20 0 0 1 2,763 0
Loans to the public 114,984 7,649 1,889 94 240 840 123,348 -83
Loans to credit institutions 73,159 9 0 5 0 0 73,163 –
Total 188,143 7,658 1,889 99 240 840 196,511 -83
1) The t able shows net loan losses related to on- and off-balance sheet exposures for the full year 2024.

===== SIDA 359 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 358
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Credit-impaired loans (stage 3) to the public by country and industry (including loans at fair value)
31 Dec 2025, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden
Outside 
Nordic Total  
Financial institutions 10 4 2 1 — 17
Agriculture 25 31 1 0 — 57
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 10 16 – 0 — 26
 Animal husbandr y 15 14 0 0 — 29
 Fishing and aquacul ture – 1 1 – — 2
Natural resources 5 13 0 0 — 18
 P aper and forest products 5 13 0 0 — 18
 Mining and suppor ting activities – 0 – – — 0
 Oil , gas and offshore – 0 – – — 0
Consumer staples 1 9 8 3 — 21
 F ood processing and beverages 0 3 8 0 — 11
 Hous ehold and personal products 0 3 – 0 — 3
 Healthcare 1 3 0 3 — 7
Consumer discretionary and services 175 159 21 205 0 560
 C onsumer durables 2 44 7 26 0 79
 Media and en tertainment 1 21 0 130 — 152
 R etail trade 169 71 13 33 — 286
 Air tr ansportation – 0 1 0 — 1
 A ccommodation and leisure 3 23 0 16 — 42
 T elecommunication services – 0 – 0 — 0
Industrials 105 128 125 189 — 547
 Materials 7 4 5 44 — 60
 Capit al goods 13 21 0 4 — 38
 C ommercial and professional services 51 13 5 20 — 89
 Construction 5 45 64 22 — 136
 Whol esale trade 26 17 49 33 — 125
 L and transportation 1 17 0 7 — 25
 IT  services 2 11 2 59 — 74
Credit-impaired loans (stage 3) to the public by country and industry (including loans at fair value), cont.
31 Dec 2025, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden
Outside 
Nordic Total  
Maritime – 0 – – — 0
 Shipbuilding – 0 – – — 0
 Shipping – 0 – – — 0
 Maritime s ervices – 0 – – — 0
Utilities and public service 65 4 0 18 — 87
 Utilitie s distribution 64 3 – 16 — 83
 P ower production – 1 – 0 — 1
 Public s ervices 1 0 – 2 — 3
Real estate 5 101 27 7 — 140
Other industries – 0 – 0 — 0
Total corporate 391 449 184 423 0 1,447
Housing loans 38 114 34 – — 186
Collateralised lending 72 97 1 5 — 175
Non-collateralised lending 24 19 12 72 — 127
Household 134 230 47 77 — 488
Public sector 22 – – 0 — 22
Total impaired loans 547 679 231 500 0 1,957
 o f which fair value – – 0 – 0 0

===== SIDA 360 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 359
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Credit-impaired loans (stage 3) to the public by country and industry (including loans at fair value)
31 Dec 2024, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden
Outside 
Nordic Total  
Financial institutions 52 3 4 0 – 59
Agriculture 33 23 0 0 – 56
 Cr ops, plantations and hunting 10 6 – 0 – 16
 Animal husbandr y 23 17 0 – – 40
 Fishing and aquacul ture – 0 0 – – 0
Natural resources 5 6 1 0 – 12
 P aper and forest products 5 6 1 – – 12
 Mining and suppor ting activities – 0 0 – – 0
 Oil , gas and offshore – 0 – – – 0
Consumer staples 3 10 1 2 – 16
 F ood processing and beverages 1 6 0 1 – 8
 Hous ehold and personal products 0 3 – 0 – 3
 Healthcare 2 1 1 1 – 5
Consumer discretionary and services 129 136 23 136 – 424
 C onsumer durables 1 48 2 32 – 83
 Media and en tertainment 2 18 0 35 – 55
 R etail trade 121 50 20 57 – 248
 Air tr ansportation – 2 – 0 – 2
 A ccommodation and leisure 5 18 1 7 – 31
 T elecommunication services – 0 – 5 – 5
Industrials 96 139 112 128 – 475
 Materials 52 5 5 5 – 67
 Capit al goods 3 19 0 2 – 24
 C ommercial and professional services 8 11 5 5 – 29
 Construction 3 73 55 16 – 147
 Whol esale trade 28 14 44 28 – 114
 L and transportation 1 4 0 6 – 11
 IT  services 1 13 3 66 – 83
Credit-impaired loans (stage 3) to the public by country and industry (including loans at fair value), cont.
31 Dec 2024, EURm Denmark Finland Norway Sweden
Outside 
Nordic Total  
Maritime – 0 51 – – 51
 Shipbuilding – 0 – – – 0
 Shipping – 0 51 – – 51
 Maritime s ervices – 0 – – – 0
Utilities and public service 98 4 1 0 – 103
 Utilitie s distribution 98 2 – 0 – 100
 P ower production – 1 – 0 – 1
 Public s ervices 0 1 1 0 – 2
Real estate 5 123 45 12 – 185
Other industries 4 0 – – – 4
Total corporate 425 444 238 278 – 1,385
Housing loans 32 113 32 – – 177
Collateralised lending 79 106 1 12 – 198
Non-collateralised lending 19 17 10 63 – 109
Household 130 236 43 75 – 484
Public sector 20 – – – – 20
Total impaired loans 575 680 281 353 – 1,889
 o f which fair value – – – – – –

===== SIDA 361 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 360
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost 
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Net loan 
losses1
Net  
loan loss  
ratio, bp
Impaired 
loans 
(stage 3)
Impairment 
ratio  
gross, bp
Allowances 
total
Allowances 
(stage 1)
Allowances 
(stage 2)
Allowances 
(stage 3)
Coverage 
ratio %2
Loans 
measured  
at amor-
tised cost
Financial institutions 21 10 17 8 28 6 10 12 71 21,952
Agriculture 11 28 57 143 33 4 5 24 42 3,942
  Cr ops, plantations and 
hunting 3 71 26 594 14 0 4 10 38 424
 Animal husbandr y 9 243 29 751 15 0 1 14 48 371
 Fishing and aquacul ture -1 -3 2 6 4 4 0 0 0 3,147
Natural resources 1 6 18 105 13 1 2 10 56 1,697
 P aper and forest products -2 -20 18 174 12 1 1 10 56 1,022
  Mining and suppor ting 
activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 433
 Oil , gas and offshore 3 124 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 242
Consumer staples 4 7 21 37 18 3 8 7 33 5,648
  F ood processing and 
beverages 1 6 11 67 10 1 5 4 36 1,637
  Hous ehold and personal 
products 1 14 3 42 2 0 1 1 33 712
 Healthcare 2 6 7 21 6 2 2 2 29 3,299
Consumer discretionary and 
services -11 -12 560 602 259 3 22 234 42 9,043
 C onsumer durables 4 17 79 335 44 1 4 39 49 2,317
 Media and en tertainment 6 54 152 1,333 28 0 5 23 15 1,112
 R etail trade -21 -58 286 756 159 2 11 146 51 3,626
 Air tr ansportation 1 67 1 66 1 0 0 1 100 150
  A ccommodation and leisure -3 -29 42 393 27 0 2 25 60 1,041
  Telecommunication services 2 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 797
Industrials -33 -14 547 225 337 14 89 234 43 23,925
 Materials -3 -15 60 294 26 1 12 13 22 2,017
 Capit al goods -2 -6 38 114 36 2 18 16 42 3,303
  Commercial and 
professional services -20 -42 89 185 57 3 13 41 46 4,762
 Construction 11 21 136 254 95 4 13 78 57 5,257
 Whol esale trade -11 -24 125 268 81 1 28 52 42 4,582
 L and transportation -1 -9 25 224 15 0 1 14 56 1,103
 IT  services -7 -24 74 253 27 3 4 20 27 2,901
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, cont.
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Net loan 
losses1
Net  
loan loss  
ratio, bp
Impaired 
loans 
(stage 3)
Impairment 
ratio  
gross, bp
Allowances 
total
Allowances 
(stage 1)
Allowances 
(stage 2)
Allowances 
(stage 3)
Coverage 
ratio %2
Loans 
measured  
at amor-
tised cost
Maritime 5 11 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 4,487
 Shipbuilding 2 741 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27
 Shipping 4 10 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 3,994
 Maritime s ervices -1 -21 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 466
Utilities and public service -3 -5 87 132 34 3 2 29 33 6,564
 Utilitie s distribution -6 -17 83 230 30 2 1 27 33 3,581
 P ower production 3 12 1 4 1 1 0 0 0 2,418
 Public s ervices 0 0 3 53 3 0 1 2 67 565
Real estate -3 -1 140 50 83 10 9 64 46 27,674
Other industries -1 -5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,088
Total corporate -9 -1 1,447 134 808 46 148 614 42 107,020
Housing loans -16 -13 186 147 54 2 9 43 23 12,614
Collateralised lending 4 5 175 224 94 5 11 78 45 7,716
Non-collateralised lending -2 -6 127 375 39 6 16 17 13 3,344
Household -14 -6 488 205 187 13 36 138 28 23,674
Public sector 0 0 22 133 1 0 0 1 5 1,650
Loans to the public -23 -2 1,957 147 996 59 184 753 38 132,343
1) Incl uding provisions for off-balance sheet exposures.
2) All owances for stage 3 divided by exposures in stage 3.

===== SIDA 362 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 361
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost 
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Net loan 
losses1
Net  
loan loss  
ratio, bp
Impaired 
loans 
(stage 3)
Impairment 
ratio  
gross, bp
Allowances 
total
Allowances 
(stage 1)
Allowances 
(stage 2)
Allowances 
(stage 3)
Coverage 
ratio %2
Loans 
measured  
at amor-
tised cost
Financial institutions -8 -4 59 33 53 6 17 30 51 17,909
Agriculture -4 -11 56 156 43 3 14 26 46 3,545
  Cr ops, plantations and 
hunting -11 -228 16 320 18 0 11 7 44 482
 Animal husbandr y 8 205 40 969 22 0 3 19 48 391
 Fishing and aquacul ture -1 -4 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 2,672
Natural resources -6 -35 12 70 12 2 2 8 67 1,708
 P aper and forest products -4 -38 12 112 11 1 2 8 67 1,061
  Mining and suppor ting 
activities 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 288
 Oil , gas and offshore -2 -56 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 359
Consumer staples 18 28 16 25 22 7 7 8 50 6,392
 F ood processing and 
beverages 11 69 8 50 10 2 3 5 63 1,605
  Hous ehold and personal 
products 0 0 3 44 3 1 1 1 33 684
 Healthcare 7 17 5 12 9 4 3 2 40 4,103
Consumer discretionary and 
services -25 -27 424 449 255 9 32 214 50 9,183
 C onsumer durables -7 -29 83 339 56 1 5 50 60 2,391
 Media and en tertainment -7 -56 55 426 33 1 2 30 55 1,259
 R etail trade -14 -41 248 692 137 5 22 110 44 3,446
 Air tr ansportation 0 0 2 118 1 0 0 1 50 168
  A ccommodation and leisure 4 36 31 274 23 2 3 18 58 1,109
  Telecommunication services -1 -12 5 61 5 0 0 5 100 810
Industrials -56 -27 475 223 357 19 84 254 53 20,987
 Materials -12 -68 67 374 27 2 4 21 31 1,766
 Capit al goods 7 26 24 88 30 3 13 14 58 2,710
  Commercial and 
professional services -11 -29 29 75 26 -1 9 18 62 3,842
 Construction -17 -34 147 287 109 6 25 78 53 5,010
 Whol esale trade -23 -49 114 240 83 5 24 54 47 4,674
 L and transportation 12 155 11 139 13 1 3 9 82 776
 IT  services -12 -54 83 364 69 3 6 60 72 2,209
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, cont.
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Net loan 
losses1
Net  
loan loss  
ratio, bp
Impaired 
loans 
(stage 3)
Impairment 
ratio  
gross, bp
Allowances 
total
Allowances 
(stage 1)
Allowances 
(stage 2)
Allowances 
(stage 3)
Coverage 
ratio %2
Loans 
measured  
at amor-
tised cost
Maritime 11 24 51 109 32 0 1 31 61 4,651
 Shipbuilding -1 -86 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 116
 Shipping 12 29 51 122 31 0 0 31 61 4,158
 Maritime s ervices 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 377
Utilities and public service -59 -100 103 173 66 4 2 60 58 5,890
 Utilitie s distribution -58 -186 100 314 61 2 1 58 58 3,119
 P ower production -1 -5 1 5 1 1 0 0 0 2,213
 Public s ervices 0 0 2 36 4 1 1 2 100 558
Real estate 38 15 185 75 87 16 14 57 31 24,555
Other industries 3 16 4 21 1 0 0 1 25 1,900
Total corporate -88 -9 1 385 142 928 66 173 689 50 96,720
Housing loans 21 17 177 141 82 6 15 61 34 12,466
Collateralised lending 3 4 198 241 81 5 19 57 29 8,118
Non-collateralised lending -19 -58 109 324 82 17 33 32 29 3,281
Household 5 2 484 201 245 28 67 150 31 23,865
Public sector 0 0 20 72 1 0 0 1 5 2,763
Loans to the public -83 -7 1 889 152 1 174 94 240 840 44 123,348
1) Incl uding provisions for off-balance sheet exposures.
2) All owances for stage 3 divided by exposures in stage 3.

===== SIDA 363 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 362
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity management , cont.
Loans to the public measured at amortised cost, geographical breakdown 1
31 Dec 2025, EURm
Gross Allowances
NetStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Denmark 24,049 1,149 516 3 81 210 25,421
Finland 25,431 2,653 691 19 39 314 28,404
Norway 27,421 1,225 224 23 24 62 28,761
Sweden 30,053 1,285 467 9 36 140 31,620
Russia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
US 3,030 7 1 1 1 0 3,036
Other 14,950 130 57 4 4 27 15,102
Total 124,934 6,449 1,957 59 184 753 132,343
1)  Based on the customer’s country of domicile.
31 Dec 2024, EURm
Gross Allowances
NetStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3
Denmark 23,283 1,204 552 20 92 270 24,657
Finland 23,832 3,032 677 23 57 278 27,182
Norway 25,708 1,718 263 24 31 85 27,549
Sweden 26,214 1,545 341 21 55 182 27,842
Russia 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
US 2,786 2 0 0 1 0 2,788
Other 13,160 148 56 5 4 24 13,330
Total 114,984 7,649 1,889 94 240 840 123,348
1)  Based on the customer’s country of domicile.
Rating and scoring distribution 
One way of assessing credit quality is through analysis of 
the distribution across rating grades for rated corporate 
customers and institutions as well as across risk grades for 
scored household and small business customers, i.e. retail 
exposures. For the corporate portfolio, the largest rating 
groups were ratings 5 and 4. For the retail rating grade, 
the largest scoring group was B.
Rating distribution IRB corporate customers
1
0
5
10
15
20
1-11+2- 2 2+ 3- 3 3+ 4- 4 4+ 5- 5 5+ 6- 6 6+
%
2025 2024
1) Defaulted loans are not included in the rating distribution.
Risk grade distribution IRB retail customers 1
0
5
10
15
20
F- F F+ E- E E+D-D D+C-C C+ B- B B+A-A A+
%
2025 2024
1) Defaulted loans are not included in the risk grade distribution. Scoring grades 
have been converted to risk grades.

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 363
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Rating information for loans measured at amortised cost
EURm  
Rating grade1 Average PD (%)
Gross carrying amount 31 Dec 2025
AllowancesStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
7 – 1,126 2 0 1,128 0
6 0.01 10,536 13 – 10,549 1
5 0.08 35,729 87 1 35,817 11
4 0.23 46,321 935 0 47,256 37
3 5.48 5,342 1,732 1 7,076 65
2 20.48 149 1,190 7 1,346 45
1 31.01 64 420 3 486 25
Standardised/Unrated n.a 6,842 0 – 6,842 5
0 (default) 100.00 10 12 1,381 1,402 581
Group undertakings n.a 80,708 – – 80,708 –
Total 186,827 4,391 1,393 192,610 770
EURm  
Rating grade
1 Average PD (%)
Gross carrying amount 31 Dec 2024
AllowancesStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
7 – 2,345 1 – 2,346 0
6 0.01 9,636 31 – 9,667 3
5 0.08 33,289 48 – 33,336 19
4 0.23 39,774 1,029 1 40,805 49
3 3.64 4,715 2,103 1 6,820 56
2 16.49 133 1,460 33 1,626 88
1 34.08 47 439 10 496 31
Standardised/Unrated n.a. 4,473 0 0 4,473 20
0 (default) 100.00 11 43 1,293 1,347 648
Group undertakings  n.a. 71,388 – – 71,388 0
Total 165,811 5,153 1,339 172,303 913
1)  The s tage classification and calculated provision for each exposure are based on the situation as at the end of October 2025 (October 2024), while the exposure amount and 
rating grades are based on the situation as at the end of December 2025 (December 2024). Some of the exposures in default according to the rating grade as at the end of 
December were not in default as at the end of October, which is reflected in the stage classification.
Scoring information for loans measured at amortised cost
EURm  
Scoring grade1 Average PD (%)
Gross carrying amount 31 Dec 2025
AllowancesStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
A 0.11 4,896 23 1 4,920 1
B 0.33 8,790 108 1 8,899 3
C 1.39 5,095 288 3 5,387 9
D 5.49 2,442 469 4 2,915 15
E 15.09 535 729 6 1,270 20
F 22.91 114 429 5 548 18
Standardised/Unrated 1.12 139 6 9 154 2
0 (default) 100.00 289 24 535 848 160
Total 22,300 2,076 564 24,941 228
EURm  
Scoring grade
1 Average PD (%)
Gross carrying amount 31 Dec 2024
AllowancesStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
A 0.12 6,786 14 0 6,801 2
B 0.46 7,258 104 0 7,363 7
C 1.20 4,501 219 2 4,722 11
D 7.20 2,988 670 3 3,660 28
E 20.59 357 821 3 1,181 27
F 29.81 99 619 3 721 33
Standardised/Unrated 5.23 299 10 7 315 3
0 (default) 100.00 44 48 531 623 155
Total 22,332 2,505 550 25,387 265
1)  The s tage classification and calculated provisioning for each exposure are based on the situation as at the end of October 2025 (October 2024), while the exposure amount 
and rating grades are based on the situation as at the end of December 2025 (December 2024). Some of the exposures in default according to the rating grade as at the end 
of December were not in default as at the end of October, which is reflected in the stage classification.

===== SIDA 365 =====

Nordea Annual Report 2025 364
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Rating information for off-balance sheet items
EURm  
Rating grade
Nominal amount 31 Dec 2025
ProvisionsStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
7 9,150 – – 9,150 0
6 12,330 4 0 12,334 1
5 35,897 3 0 35,900 7
4 20,697 732 0 21,429 13
3 2,476 1,592 0 4,068 27
2 22 721 123 866 20
1 2 191 1 194 11
Standardised/Unrated 361 71 0 432 7
0 (default) 0 0 365 365 29
Group undertakings 61,019 – – 61,019 –
Total 141,954 3,314 489 145,757 115
EURm  
Rating grade
Nominal amount 31 Dec 2024
ProvisionsStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
7 8,076 0 – 8,076 2
6 10,574 329 – 10,902 5
5 35,542 149 – 35,691 16
4 18,742 353 0 19,096 15
3 2,983 1,224 5 4,212 27
2 43 784 0 827 23
1 1 221 0 222 12
Standardised/Unrated 122 82 0 204 7
0 (default) 6 3 336 345 24
Group undertakings 61,140 – – 61,140 –
Total 137,229 3,144 342 140,715 132
Scoring information for off-balance sheet items
EURm  
Scoring grade
Nominal amount 31 Dec 2025
ProvisionsStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
A 4,764 36 0 4,800 1
B 4,606 24 0 4,629 3
C 1,859 180 0 2,039 6
D 908 193 1 1,102 10
E 181 290 1 472 30
F 7 51 1 59 5
Standardised/Unrated 122 3 0 125 0
0 (default) 0 0 36 36 19
Total 12,447 777 39 13,262 73
EURm  
Scoring grade
Nominal amount 31 Dec 2024
ProvisionsStage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
A 5,625 19 0 5,644 1
B 3,741 25 0 3,766 6
C 1,381 118 0 1,500 5
D 776 149 0 925 7
E 14 358 0 373 38
F 2 64 0 66 5
Standardised/Unrated 1 332 0 333 1
0 (default) 2 3 36 41 19
Total 11,542 1,069 36 12,648 83

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Nordea Annual Report 2025 365
Introduction Strategic report Our stakeholders Business areas Board of Directors’ report Financial statements Other
P10 Risk and liquidity managemen t, cont.
Carrying amount of loans measured at amortised cost, before allowances
EURm
Credit institutions The public Total
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Opening balance at 1 Jan 2025 73,159 9 0 73,168 114,984 7,649 1,889 124,522 188,143 7,658 1,889 197,690
Origination and acquisition 14,267 3 – 14,270 38,135 473 68 38,677 52,402 476 68 52,946
Transfers between stage 1 and stage 2 (net) -2 2 – – -632 632 – – -634 634 – –
Transfers between stage 2 and stage 3 (net) – 0 0 0 – -200 200 – – -200 200 –
Transfers between stage 1 and stage 3 (net) – – – – -149 – 149 – -149 – 149 –
Repayments and disposals -21,557 -4 0 -21,562 -33,216 -2,020 -414 -35,650 -54,773 -2,024 -414 -57,211
Write-offs – – – – – – -277 -277 – – -277 -277
Other changes1 18,236 8 0 18,244 5,237 -132 326 5,430 23,473 -123 326 23,674
Translation differences 90 1 0 91 575 47 16 638 665 48 16 729
Closing balance at 31 Dec 2025 84,193 18 0 84,211 124,934 6,449 1,957 133,340 209,127 6,467 1,957 217,551
1) Other change s are mainly related to changes in utilisation of credits granted in earlier years, internal and revolving products.
EURm
Credit institutions The public Total
Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Total
Opening balance at 1 Jan 2024 67,392 8 1 67,401 121,384 7,222 1,706 130,311 188,776 7,229 1,707 197,712
Origination and acquisition 18,714 4 0 18,718 46,348 332 67 46,747 65,062 336 67 65,465
Transfers between stage 1 and stage 2 (net) -2 2 – – -1,701 1,701 – – -1,703 1,703 – –
Transfers between stage 2 and stage 3 (net) – – – – – -161 161 – – -161 161 –
Transfers between stage 1 and stage 3 (net) – – – – -208 – 208 – -208 – 208 –
Repayments and disposals -18,704 -6 -1 -18,712 -36,446 -2,031 -392 -38,868 -55,149 -2,037 -393 -57,580
Write-offs – – – – – – -139 -139 – – -139 -139
Other changes1 6,160 2 – 6,162 -13,214 677 290 -12,247 -7,054 679 290 -6,085
Translation differences -402 0 – -402 -1,180 -90 -13 -1,282 -1,581 -90 -13 -1,684
Closing balance at 31 Dec 2024 73,159 9 0 73,168 114,984 7,649 1,889 124,522 188,143 7,658 1,889 197,690
1) Other change s are mainly related to changes in utilisation of credits granted in earlier years, internal and revolving products.

===== SIDA 367 =====