FULLTEXT DEL 1 AV 3
10-K – 2026-02-09 – on-20251231.htm
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31 , 2025
Or
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
(Commission File Number) 001-39317
ON SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 36-3840979
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
5701 N. Pima Road
Scottsdale , AZ 85250
( 602 ) 244-6600
(Address, zip code and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share ON The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒
Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐
Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
1
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management's assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant was $ 23,198,209,519 as of July 4, 2025, based on the closing sales price of such stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. Shares held by executive officers, directors and persons owning directly or indirectly more than 10% of the outstanding common stock (as applicable) have been excluded from the preceding number because such persons may be deemed to be affiliates of the registrant.
The number of shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding at February 4, 2026 was 394,020,530 .
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant's Definitive Proxy Statement relating to its 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which is expected to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the registrant's fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K where indicated.
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ON SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I
Item 1.
Business
6
Overview
6
Revenue - Generating Activities
7
Markets
9
Resources
11
Seasonality
13
Government Regulation
13
Corporate Responsibilities
14
Human Capital Resources
14
Information about Our Executive Officers
15
Available Information
16
Item 1A.
Risk Factors
17
Item 1B.
Unresolved Staff Comments
31
Item 1C.
Cybersecurity
31
Item 2.
Properties
33
Item 3.
Legal Proceedings
33
Item 4.
Mine Safety Disclosure
34
Part II
Item 5.
Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
34
Item 6.
[Reserved]
35
Item 7.
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
36
Item 7A.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
50
Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
51
Item 9.
Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
51
Item 9A .
Controls and Procedures
51
Item 9B.
Other Information
52
Item 9C.
Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections
52
Part III
Item 10.
Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
52
Item 11.
Executive Compensation
52
Item 12.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
52
Item 13.
Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
53
Item 14.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
53
Part IV
Item 15.
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
53
Item 16.
Form 10-K Summary
56
Signatures
57
(See the glossary immediately following this table of contents for definitions of certain abbreviated terms)
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Table of Contents
ON SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION
FORM 10-K
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED ABBREVIATED TERMS*
Abbreviated Term Defined Term
0% Notes 0% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027
0.50% Notes 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due 2029
1.625% Notes 1.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023
3.875% Notes 3.875% Senior Notes due 2028
AD Autonomous driving
ADAS Advanced driver assistance systems
AFE Analog front end
AI Artificial Intelligence
Amended and Restated SIP ON Semiconductor Corporation Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan, as amended
AMIS AMIS Holdings, Inc.
ASC Accounting Standards Codification
ASIC Application specific integrated circuits
ASU Accounting Standards Update
CMOS Complementary metal oxide semiconductor
Commission or SEC Securities and Exchange Commission
Credit Agreement Credit agreement, dated as of June 22, 2023, by and among the Company, as borrower, the several lenders party thereto, JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and certain other parties, providing for the Revolving Credit Facility
ECL Emitter coupled logic
EFK East Fishkill, New York fabrication facility
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ESPP ON Semiconductor Corporation 2000 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended
EV/HEV Electric vehicles/hybrid electric vehicles
Exchange Act Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Fairchild Fairchild Semiconductor International LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ON Semiconductor Corporation
FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board
FET Field-effect transistor
GaN Gallium Nitride
IC Integrated circuit
IGBT Insulated-gate bipolar transistor
IP Intellectual property
IPRD In-process research and development
ISP Image signal processor
JFET Junction field-effect transistor
LDO Low dropout regulator
LIBOR A base rate per annum equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate as administered by the Intercontinental Exchange Benchmark Administration
LSI Large-scale integration
MOSFET Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor
OEM Original equipment manufacturer
PC Personal computer
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Prior Credit Agreement Credit agreement, dated as of April 15, 2016, as subsequently amended, by and among the Company, as borrower, the several lenders party thereto, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch, as administrative agent and collateral agent, and certain other parties, providing for the Revolver due 2024 and the Term Loan "B" Facility, that was terminated on June 22, 2023 and replaced by the Credit Agreement.
PRP Potentially responsible party
QCS Previous division within AMG, primarily associated with the legacy Quantenna division
Revolver due 2024 A $1.97 billion revolving credit facility created pursuant to the Prior Credit Agreement
Revolving Credit Facility A $1.5 billion revolving credit facility created pursuant to the Credit Agreement
ROU Right-of-use
RSU Restricted stock unit
SCI LLC Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of ON Semiconductor Corporation
Securities Act Securities Act of 1933, as amended
SiC Silicon carbide
SiPM Silicon photomultipliers
SoC System-on-Chip
SPAD Single photon avalanche diode arrays
SWIR Short-wave infrared
Term Loan "B" Facility A $2.4 billion term loan "B" facility created pursuant to the Prior Credit Agreement
U.S. or United States United States of America
WBG Wide band gap
* Terms used, but not defined, within the body of the Form 10-K are defined in this Glossary.
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PART I
Item 1. Business
Overview
ON Semiconductor Corporation, together with its wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries, which operate under the onsemi TM brand ("onsemi," "we," "us," "our," or the "Company"), was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1992.
We offer intelligent power and intelligent sensing solutions that drive electrification, energy efficiency, safety, and automation in automotive, industrial, and other end-markets, including AI data center. Our intelligent power technologies enable the electrification of drivetrain in the automotive industry to allow for lighter and longer-range electric vehicles and empower efficient fast-charging systems. Our intelligent sensing technologies enable advanced safety applications in automotive through industry leading performance and reliability.
We believe the evolution of the automotive industry, with advancements in autonomous driving, ADAS, vehicle electrification, and the increase in electronics content for vehicle platforms is reshaping the boundaries of transportation. Through sensing integration, we believe our intelligent power solutions achieve increased efficiencies compared to our peers. This integration allows lower temperature operation and reduced cooling requirements while saving costs and minimizing weight. In addition, our power solutions deliver power with less die per module, achieving higher range for a given battery capacity.
In the industrial market, our intelligent power technologies propel sustainable energy for the highest efficiency solar strings and industrial power. In the medical field, our intelligent power technologies extend the life of personal diagnostic devices, such as continuous glucose monitors. Our intelligent sensing technologies support the next generation industry through automation, allowing for smarter factories and buildings. In addition, our intelligent sensing technologies are enabling robotics and humanoids.
In our other market which includes AI data center products, our intelligent power technologies enable energy efficiency in a market in which energy needs are growing at an exponential rate, and AI data center operators are focused on reducing energy consumption. We believe we have one of the most comprehensive portfolios of products and technologies for this market to address the complete power tree, and we are well positioned to benefit as new generation of AI data center processors and racks enter the market.
As of December 31, 2025, we were organized into three operating and reportable segments: the Power Solutions Group ("PSG"), the Analog and Mixed-Signal Group ("AMG") and the Intelligent Sensing Group ("ISG").
Business Strategy Developments
We are focused on increasing profitable revenue through differentiated technologies to address the high-growth megatrends in automotive, industrial and other markets which include AI data centers. We continue to optimize and right-size our manufacturing footprint to align our capacity with our long-term outlook, while focusing on generating efficiencies that result in meaningful gross margin expansion and operating cash flows. We intend to achieve efficiencies in our operating and capital expenditures and invest in research and development initiatives to accelerate growth in high-margin products.
2025 Significant Activities
Acquisitions
On January 14, 2025, we completed the acquisition of the Silicon Carbide Junction Field-Effect Transistor ("SiC JFET") technology business from Qorvo US, Inc., and certain of its subsidiaries, for $118.8 million in cash. We believe the acquisition complements our EliteSiC power portfolio within the PSG reportable segment and enables us to help address the need for high energy efficiency and power density in the AC-DC stage in power supply units for AI data centers.
On October 27, 2025, we completed the acquisition of rights to Vcore power technologies, including associated intellectual property licenses, from Aura Semiconductor enhancing our power management portfolio. The total purchase consideration is up to $144 million, subject to customary purchase price adjustments, with $7 million paid in cash at close. Of the total purchase price, $72 million is payable upon acceptance and delivery of specified products and the remaining $72 million is contingent upon the achievement of certain revenue milestones through 2030.
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2025 Manufacturing Realignment Program
During the first quarter of 2025, we announced restructuring and cost reduction initiatives based on an evaluation of our operating structure, business strategy, manufacturing technologies and internal capabilities to realign our internal manufacturing capacity and capabilities with anticipated long-term needs.
We incurred total severance costs and related benefit expenses of $67.1 million related to the termination of approximately 2,400 employees. Additionally, we recorded non-cash impairment charges of $496.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2025 related to previous investments in manufacturing equipment at certain manufacturing facilities pursuant to held-for-sale accounting guidance. Other charges of $103.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, comprised of other exit costs, accelerated depreciation and contract termination costs, were incurred as part of the program. The total of the aforementioned costs was included within Restructuring, Asset Impairments and Other, Net in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
We also recorded $268.2 million relating to excess and obsolete inventory charges, of which $37.9 million and $230.3 million related to inventory primarily considered work in progress within the PSG and ISG reportable segments, respectively. Additionally, we recorded $45.4 million related to write-off of consumables, manufacturing supplies and obligations for certain unfulfilled purchase commitments due to the manufacturing capacity reduction actions associated with the program. These charges were recorded within Cost of revenue in the Consolidated Statement of Operations.
For additional information, see Note 7: ''Restructuring, Asset Impairments and Other, net'' in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
We continue to evaluate our employee workforce composition (both employee positions and locations) and manufacturing capacity and footprint for potential operational improvements and efficiencies.
Share Repurchases
During the year ended December 31, 2025, we repurchased approximately 27.9 million shares of our common stock for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $1,375.0 million, excluding fees, commissions and excise taxes. See Note 10: ''Earnings Per Share and Equity'' in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional information.
Repayment of Revolver
On December 31, 2025, we repaid $375.0 million that was outstanding on the Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $1.5 billion available under the Revolving Credit Facility for future borrowings, except for amounts utilized for the letters of credit.
See Note 9: ''Long-Term Debt'' in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional information.
Revenue-Generating Activities
onsemi generates revenue primarily from the sale of semiconductor products to distributors and direct customers. We also generate revenue, to a much lesser extent, from product development agreements. We believe that our ability to offer a broad range of products, combined with our global manufacturing and logistics network, provides our customers with single source purchasing.
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The following table illustrates the product technologies under each of our segments based on our operating strategy:
PSG AMG ISG
2025 Revenue (%) 47% 38% 15%
SiC products Analog products Actuator Drivers
SiC JFET products ASIC products CMOS image sensors
Discrete products Logic and Isolation products Image Signal Processors
MOSFET products Non-Volatile Memory products Single Photon Detectors
Power Module products Ultrasonic Short-Wavelength Infrared
Vertical GaN Inductive sensing Indirect Time of Flight sensors
Gate Driver products
See Note 3: ''Segments and Revenue'' in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for other information regarding our segments, their revenue and gross profit derived from each segment.
Products and Technology
The following provides certain information regarding the products and technologies for each of our operating segments.
PSG
PSG provides a broad portfolio of discrete, module, and integrated semiconductor devices designed to enable high‑efficiency and high‑power conversion across AI data centers, energy infrastructure, automotive and industrial. Our offerings include power switching devices, signal conditioning products, and circuit‑protection technologies that support increasing demands for performance, power density and system reliability.
Market demand for PSG products continues to be driven by vehicle electrification, renewable energy expansion, modernization of global power infrastructure, and the rapid scaling of AI and high‑performance computing systems. PSG’s Silicon & WBG power technologies, spanning FETs and diodes, play a critical role in high‑power conversion for energy infrastructure, energy storage, AI data centers, fast-charging systems, electric vehicles and industrial drives. Our vertically integrated SiC manufacturing strategy enhances supply assurance, cost competitiveness, and device performance. PSG continues to advance its manufacturing footprint through network optimization initiatives that improve overall utilization and flexibility. These actions support long‑term gross margin expansion and enable efficient scaling of differentiated high‑value power products.
AMG
AMG designs and develops a comprehensive range of analog and mixed-signal solutions including power‑management, sensor‑interface, connectivity, and standard products that serve automotive, industrial automation, AI data center, computing, and mobile end markets. These products include multi‑phase controllers, gate drivers, DC‑DC and AC‑DC converters, power protection devices, ultrasonic sensors, AFEs, LDOs, single pair Ethernet connectivity, isolation, logic, and more.
AMG enables solutions across the power‑tree architectures in its target markets, enabling high‑efficiency power management, along with high performance, precise sensing and robust communication interfaces for next‑generation system designs. AMG delivers advanced analog and mixed-signal technology through our Treo Platform. The Treo Platform is a single, scalable technology platform supporting a wide voltage range, high temperature and an ever-evolving SoC, like architecture accelerating time to market. This technology platform supports intelligent power and sensing solutions used in electrified transportation, factory automation, and other high performance, next-generation applications.
ISG
ISG develops advanced imaging technologies that include high‑performance CMOS image sensors, ISPs, SWIR sensors, and more. These technologies support high‑dynamic‑range, low‑noise, and high‑reliability imaging essential to automotive ADAS, industrial automation, robotics, and AI‑enabled perception systems. ISG continues to shift its focus to the areas of advanced imaging performance and long product lifecycles. Photon‑counting technologies, including SPAD arrays and SiPM devices, continue to play a role in emerging applications such as depth sensing, factory automation, safety systems, and robotics.
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Customers
We sell our products to direct customers and distributors for ultimate use in a variety of end-products in different end-markets. In general, we have maintained long-term relationships with our key customers, and our sales agreements are renewable periodically and contain certain terms and conditions with respect to payment, delivery, warranty and supply.
We generally warrant that products sold to our customers will, at the time of shipment, be free from defects in workmanship and materials and conform to our approved specifications. Our standard warranty extends for a period of two years from the date of delivery, except in the case of image sensor products, which are warranted for one year from the date of delivery. Unless otherwise agreed in writing, customers may cancel orders 45-120 days prior to shipment, depending on the product, for standard products without penalty and, for custom products, prior to shipment, provided they pay onsemi's actual costs incurred as of the date we receive the cancellation notice. The loss of one of our large customers would have a material adverse effect on the operations of the respective segment and may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations.
Distributors
Sales to distributors accounted for approximately 54%, 53% and 52% of our revenue in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We had one distributor whose revenue accounted for approximately 11% and 10% of the total revenue for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. There were no distributors whose revenue accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023. Our distributors provide fulfillment services and resell our products to OEMs, contract manufacturers, and other end-customers. Sales to distributors are typically made pursuant to agreements that provide return rights and stock rotation provisions permitting limited levels of product returns.
Direct Customers
Sales to direct customers accounted for approximately 46%, 47% and 48% of our revenue in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Large multi-national companies and selected regional OEMs, which are significant in specific markets, form our core direct customers. Generally, these customers do not have the right to return our products following a sale other than pursuant to our warranty.
For additional information regarding agreements with our customers, see "Markets," "Resources," "Risk Factors - Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business" and Note 2: ''Significant Accounting Policies'' under the heading "Revenue Recognition" in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements, included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Markets
Product Development
onsemi is focused on innovation to create intelligent power and sensing technologies that solve the most challenging customer problems. Our product development efforts are directed towards the following:
• addressing the need for solutions to manage and optimize the growing power demands and distribution within AI data centers;
• powering the electrification of the automotive industry with our intelligent power technologies that allow for lighter and longer-range electric vehicles and enable efficient fast-charging systems;
• propelling the sustainable energy evolution with our intelligent power technologies for the highest efficiency solar strings, industrial power and storage systems;
• enhancing the automotive mobility experience with our intelligent sensing technologies with imaging and depth sensing that make AD, ADAS, and advanced vehicle safety possible; and
• enabling robotics, humanoids, automation, and data exchange (Industry 4.0) with our intelligent sensing technologies for smarter factories and buildings.
While our new product development efforts continue to be focused on building solutions in areas that appeal to customers in focused market segments and across multiple high-growth applications, it is our practice to regularly re-evaluate our research and development spending, to assess the deployment of resources and to review the funding of high-growth technologies. We deploy people and capital with the goal of maximizing the return for our research and development investments by targeting innovative products and solutions for high-growth applications that we believe position us to outperform the industry.
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End-Markets
We serve a broad base of end-user markets, with a primary focus towards automotive and industrial. The following table sets forth our principal end-markets, the estimated percentage of our revenue generated from each end-market during 2025, and sample applications for our products. Other includes the end-markets of AI data center, computing, consumer, networking, communication, etc.
Automotive Industrial Other
2025 Revenue (%) 51%
28%
21%
Sample applications EV Energy generation, storage, & EV charging infrastructure AI data center
ADAS and advanced safety Industrial automation 5G base stations
Power management Aerospace, defense, & security Gaming, home entertainment systems, & set top boxes
Powertrain Machine vision Routers
In-Vehicle networking Smart cities & buildings Notebooks, laptops, desktop PCs & tablets
Body & interior Hearing health, diagnostic, therapy, & monitoring White goods
Lighting Power solutions Power supplies
Sensors Motor control Smart phones
Engine control Robotics and humanoids
Competition
We face significant competition from major international semiconductor companies, as well as smaller companies focused on specific market niches. Because some of our components include functionality that in some cases may be integrated into more complex ICs, we also face competition from manufacturers of ICs, ASICs and fully-customized ICs, as well as customers who develop their own IC products. See "Risk Factors — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for additional information.
Some of our competitors have greater financial and other resources to pursue development, engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of their products and may generally be better situated to withstand adverse economic or market conditions. The semiconductor industry has experienced, and may continue to experience, significant consolidation among companies and vertical integration among customers. The following discusses the effects of competition on our three operating segments:
PSG
Our competitive strengths include core competencies such as leading-edge fabrication technologies, micro and module packaging expertise, breadth of product line and IP portfolio, high-quality, cost-effective manufacturing and supply chain management. Our commitment to continuous innovation allows us to provide a broad range of semiconductor solutions to our customers who differentiate in power density and power efficiency, the key performance characteristics driving our markets.
New products and package innovation that enable enhanced performance over existing portfolios drive competition. A central focus of our portfolio is intelligent power technology based on silicon, silicon carbide, and GaN. These wide bandgap technologies are designed and manufactured by onsemi and supplied to customers in multiple forms, including bare die, packaged discrete products, and complete power modules. In addition to our power technologies, we believe our integrated circuit, signal, and protection technologies have significant performance advantages over our competition. PSG’s primary competitors include: Infineon Technologies AG ("Infineon"), STMicroelectronics N.V. ("STMicroelectronics"), Wolfspeed Inc., ROHM Semiconductor and Nexperia BV.
AMG
AMG principally competes on design experience, manufacturing capability, depth and quality of IP, ability to service customer needs from the design phase to the shipping of a completed product, length of design cycle, longevity of technology support and
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experience of sales and technical support personnel. Our competitive position with respect to the above is enhanced by long-standing relationships with leading customers.
Our ability to compete successfully depends on internal and external variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the timeliness with which we can develop new products and technologies, product performance and quality, manufacturing yields and availability of supply, customer service, pricing, industry trends and general economic trends. Competitors for certain of AMG's products and solutions include: Texas Instruments Incorporated, Analog Devices, Inc., Infineon, STMicroelectronics, Renesas Electronics Corporation, Monolithic Power Systems Inc. and NXP Semiconductors N.V.
ISG
ISG differentiates itself from the competition through deep technical knowledge and close customer relationships to drive leading-edge sensing performance primarily in machine vision applications. ISG has significant imaging experience and was one of the earliest to commercialize CMOS active pixel sensors and introduce CMOS technology in many of our markets. ISG has leveraged this expertise into market-leading positions in automotive and industrial applications, which allow us to offer technical and end-user applications knowledge to help customers develop innovative sensing solutions across a broad range of end-user needs.
Competitors for certain of ISG's products and solutions include: Sony Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., and Omnivision Technologies Inc.
Sales, Marketing and Distribution
We have global distribution centers in China, the Philippines and Singapore. Global and regional distribution channels further support our customers' needs for quick response and service. We offer efficient, cost-effective global applications support from our technical information centers and solution engineering centers, allowing for applications that are developed in one region of the world to be instantaneously available throughout all other regions.
Backlog
Our sales are made primarily pursuant to orders that are booked as far as 52 weeks in advance of delivery. Generally, prices and quantities are fixed at the time of booking. Backlog as of a given date consists of existing orders and forecasted demand from our customers, in each case scheduled to be shipped in the current or future period. Backlog is influenced by several factors, including market demand, pricing and customer order patterns in reaction to product lead times. In the semiconductor industry, backlog quantities and shipment schedules under outstanding purchase orders are frequently revised to reflect changes in customer needs.
Resources
Raw Materials
Our manufacturing processes use many raw materials, including silicon wafers, SiC wafers, laminate substrates, gold, copper, lead frames, mold compound, ceramic packages and various chemicals and gases. We seek to obtain our raw materials and supplies in a timely, planned manner from our suppliers to allow for our manufacturing cycle to align with the timing of our customer demands. However, suppliers may extend lead times, limit supplies or increase prices due to capacity constraints or other factors beyond our control.
Manufacturing and Design Operations
We currently have domestic design operations in Arizona, California, Idaho, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Texas. We also have foreign design operations in Belgium, Canada, China, the Czech Republic, Germany, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, Romania, Singapore, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the United Kingdom. We operate front-end wafer fabrication facilities in the United States, the Czech Republic, Japan, South Korea, and Malaysia and back-end assembly and test site facilities in Canada, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and the United States. In addition to these front-end and back-end manufacturing operations, our facility in Hudson, New Hampshire manufactures SiC crystal boules and our facilities in Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, the Czech Republic and Bucheon, South Korea manufacture silicon and SiC wafers that are used by a number of our facilities.
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The table below sets forth information with respect to the manufacturing facilities we operate either directly or pursuant to joint ventures, the reportable segments that use such facilities, and the approximate gross square footage of each site's building, which includes, among other things, manufacturing, laboratory, warehousing, office, utility, support and unused areas.
Location Reportable Segment Size (sq. ft.)
Front-end Facilities:
East Fishkill, New York AMG, ISG and PSG 2,724,137
Gresham, Oregon AMG and PSG 558,457
Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Czech Republic AMG and PSG 450,755
Seremban, Malaysia (Site 2) (3)
AMG, ISG and PSG 133,061
Bucheon, South Korea AMG and PSG 1,113,938
Mountaintop, Pennsylvania AMG and PSG 437,000
Aizuwakamatsu, Japan AMG and PSG 734,482
Nampa, Idaho (1) (2)
ISG 166,268
Hudson, New Hampshire (1)
PSG 272,036
Back-end Facilities:
Burlington, Canada (1)
AMG 95,440
Leshan, China (3)
AMG and PSG 416,339
Seremban, Malaysia (Site 1) (3)
AMG, ISG and PSG 328,275
Carmona, Philippines (3)
AMG and PSG 926,367
Tarlac City, Philippines (3)
AMG and PSG 381,764
Shenzhen, China (1)
PSG 275,463
Bien Hoa, Vietnam (3)
AMG and PSG 294,418
Cebu, Philippines (3)
AMG and PSG 228,460
Suzhou, China (3)
AMG and PSG 452,639
(1) These facilities are leased.
(2) This facility is used for both front-end and back-end operations.
(3) These facilities are located on leased land.
All of our manufacturing facilities are fully owned and operated by us, except our assembly and test operations facility located in Leshan, China, which is owned by Leshan-Phoenix Semiconductor Company Limited, a joint venture company in which we own 80% of the outstanding equity interests ("Leshan"). The financial and operating results of Leshan have been consolidated in our financial statements. Our joint venture partner is Leshan Radio Company Ltd. ("Leshan Radio"). Pursuant to the joint venture agreement between us and Leshan Radio, requests for production capacity are made to the board of directors of Leshan by each shareholder of the joint venture. Each request represents a purchase commitment, provided that any shareholder may elect to pay the cost associated with the unused capacity (which is generally equal to the fixed cost of the capacity) in lieu of satisfying the commitment. We purchased 80% of Leshan's production capacity in each of 2025, 2024 and 2023, and are currently committed to purchase approximately 80% of Leshan's expected production capacity in 2026.
We use third-party contractors for some of our manufacturing activities, primarily for wafer fabrication and the assembly and testing of finished goods. Our agreements with these manufacturers typically require us to forecast product needs and commit to purchase services consistent with these forecasts. In some cases, longer-term commitments are required in the early stages of the relationship. These manufacturers collectively accounted for approximately 34% of our total manufacturing input costs in 2025, 33% in 2024 and 36% in 2023.
For information regarding risks associated with our foreign operations, see "Risk Factors — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Patents, Trademarks, Copyrights and Other Intellectual Property Rights
We market our products under worldwide trademarks, including ON Semiconductor, ON, onsemi, and various product names and logos, and, in the United States and internationally, we rely primarily on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights,
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trade secrets, employee and non-disclosure agreements and licensing agreements to protect our IP. We hold a substantial number of issued and pending patents worldwide and continue to prosecute applications in areas that are material to our business. We do not consider our business substantially dependent on any single onsemi patent. Our policy is to protect our products and processes by asserting our IP rights where appropriate and prudent and by obtaining patents, copyrights and other IP rights used in connection with our business when practicable and appropriate. Over the last five years, we have strategically rationalized our patent portfolio to focus on higher-value inventions aligned to our core technologies and products as our business strategy has evolved. We believe the scope and duration of our IP rights, including trade-secrets and technical know-how, are adequate to protect our products and processes.
For information regarding risks associated with intellectual property, see "Risk Factors — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Intellectual Property" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Seasonality
During recent years, we experienced fluctuations in our operating results due to macroeconomic conditions, as well as those within the semiconductor industry. However, we believe our business is driven more by content gains within applications and secular growth drivers and not solely by macroeconomic and industry cyclicality. For information regarding risks associated with the cyclicality and seasonality of our business, see "Risk Factors — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Government Regulation
Our manufacturing operations are subject to various United States and foreign environmental and worker health and safety laws and regulations. These laws and regulations include those relating to emissions and discharges into the air and water, the management and disposal of hazardous substances, the release of hazardous substances into the environment at or from our facilities and at other sites and the investigation and remediation of contamination. As with other companies engaged in like businesses, the nature of our operations exposes us to the risk of liabilities and claims, regardless of fault, with respect to such matters, including personal injury claims and civil and criminal fines.
We believe that our operations are in material compliance with applicable environmental and health and safety laws and regulations. The costs we incurred in complying with applicable environmental regulations for the year ended December 31, 2025 were not material, and we do not currently expect the cost of complying with existing environmental and health and safety laws and regulations, together with any liabilities for currently known environmental conditions, to have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures or earnings or on our competitive position in any one year. It is possible, however, that future developments, including changes in laws and regulations, government policies, customer specification, personnel and physical property conditions, including currently undiscovered contamination, could lead to material costs, and such costs may have a material adverse effect on our future business or prospects. See Note 13: ''Commitments and Contingencies'' in the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Form 10-K for information on certain environmental matters.
We are also subject to numerous United States and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade sanctions, trade barriers, trade embargoes, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, the International Traffic in Arms Regulation promulgated under the Arms Export Control Act ("ITAR"), the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act ("FCPA"), and the anti-boycott provisions of the U.S. Export Administration Act. Additionally, United States and foreign governmental authorities have taken, and may continue to take, administrative, legislative or regulatory action that could impact our operations.
We believe that our operations are in material compliance with applicable trade regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, ITAR, FCPA, the anti-boycott provisions of the U.S. Export Administration Act, and similar applicable laws and regulations. The costs we incurred in complying with applicable trade regulations for the year ended December 31, 2025 were not material, and we do not currently expect the cost of complying with existing trade laws and regulations to have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures or earnings or on our competitive position in any one year. It is possible, however, that future developments, including changes in laws and regulations or government policies, could lead to material costs, and such costs may have a material adverse effect on our future business or prospects. For information regarding risks associated with import-export control regulations and similar applicable laws and regulations, see "Risk Factors — Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
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Corporate Responsibilities
onsemi aims to be a responsible corporate citizen. We uphold ethical standards in our business practices and policies, and we believe that sustainable corporate practices and consistent attention to environmental, social and governance priorities will help enhance long-term value for our stockholders.
onsemi strives to protect and respect its environment and energy resources for future generations throughout its operations, including wafer fabrication, assembly, test, support operations, and through its value chain. We have a goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2040, supported by our climate change policy, which highlights the focus areas for climate change-related actions.
We work together with our customers, peers, partners and suppliers to promote continual improvement in human rights, labor, environment, health and safety, anti-corruption, ethics and management system standards within our operations and our supply chain. We proactively comply with the Responsible Business Alliance (“RBA”) Code of Conduct, which is aimed at eliminating forced labor, slavery and human trafficking and conflict minerals, pursuant to our involvement with the Responsible Minerals Initiative.
Our Board of Directors (the "Board of Directors" or the "Board") and management regularly evaluate our corporate responsibility policies, including our Code of Business Conduct and other corporate social responsibility policies and programs, to help ensure an effective outcome and adherence by our employees, suppliers, vendors and partners.
Human Capital Resources
Core Principles
Our success depends on our ability to attract, train, retain, and motivate the employees who design, develop, manufacture, and support our products and services. We value the diversity of our global workforce and are intentional about creating opportunities for growth and development, welcoming a wide range of perspectives, and fostering an inclusive environment where everyone can thrive. As a member of the RBA, its principles are deeply embedded in our culture and core values, shaping our commitments to employees, customers, communities, and other stakeholders. These principles guide us in providing a safe, respectful, and positive workplace that emphasizes continuous learning, professional development, ethical conduct, and respect for every individual.
Headcount
As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately 22,600 regular full‑time employees and about 70 part‑time or temporary employees across 33 countries. Of our regular full‑time workforce, roughly 15% are based in the United States and Canada, 12% in Europe and the Middle East, and 73% in Asia Pacific and Japan. Around 72% of employees work in manufacturing, 2% in research and development, 4% in customer service or other sales and marketing functions, and 22% in other roles. Approximately 150 of our U.S. employees, about 4% of our U.S. workforce, are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, all of whom are located at our Mountain Top, Pennsylvania manufacturing facility. In addition, certain employees outside the United States are covered by collective bargaining agreements or similar arrangements (e.g., those in China, Vietnam, Japan, the Czech Republic, and Belgium) or are represented by works councils.
Compensation, Benefits, Health, Safety and Wellness
Our compensation philosophy centers on providing competitive total rewards that align with corporate affordability while supporting our ability to attract, retain, and recognize high‑performing talent. We offer employees and their families flexible and convenient health and wellness programs, along with benefits designed to support them during life events that require time away from work or affect their financial well‑being.
We provide a comprehensive mix of total rewards and other programs—varying by region and salary grade—including annual performance bonuses; stock awards and an employee stock purchase plan; retirement support; healthcare and insurance coverage; business travel and disability insurance; health savings and flexible spending accounts; flexible work arrangements; vacation and paid time off; parental leave; counseling assistance; education support; and on‑site services, such as health centers and fitness facilities.
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Career Growth and Development
We invest in professional development and growth to strengthen employee motivation, performance, and retention. Our talent development programs equip employees with the tools and resources needed to advance their careers, build critical skills, and lead effectively within the organization. To support this, we introduced a career framework tool that helps employees define their career goals, develop the capabilities required to achieve them, and explore internal opportunities aligned with their aspirations.
Turnover
We monitor employee turnover rates both regionally and globally. Our workforce has an average tenure of approximately 12 years, and about 44% of employees have been with onsemi for more than a decade. We believe that our compensation philosophy, combined with the career growth and development opportunities we provide, supports longer employee tenure and helps reduce voluntary turnover.
Information about Our Executive Officers
Certain information concerning our executive officers as of February 9, 2026 is set forth below.
Name Age Position
Hassane El-Khoury 46 President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
Thad Trent 58 Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Simon Keeton 53 Group President, PSG
Sudhir Gopalswamy 56 Group President, ISG and AMG
All of our executive officers are also officers of SCI LLC. The present term of office for the officers named above will generally expire on the earliest of their retirement, resignation or removal. There are no family relationships among our executive officers.
Hassane El-Khoury. Mr. El-Khoury was appointed as President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of onsemi in December 2020. Prior to joining onsemi, he spent 13 years at Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, a semiconductor design and manufacturing company ("Cypress"), serving as Chief Executive Officer from August 2016 to April 2020. During his time at Cypress, he held various positions spanning business unit management, product development, applications engineering and business development. Additionally, Mr. El-Khoury currently serves as Chairman of the board of directors of Leia Inc. He holds a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Lawrence Technological University and a Master's of Engineering Management from Oakland University.
Thad Trent . Mr. Trent was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of onsemi in February 2021. Mr. Trent has held several leadership roles throughout his career, and he currently serves on the board of directors of Lumentum Holdings Inc. as well as the board of Leia Inc. He previously served as Chief Financial Officer at Cypress ("Cypress CFO") responsible for strategic planning, accounting, investor relations, tax, corporate development and information technology. He first joined Cypress in 2005 and served as Cypress CFO from June 2014 until its sale to Infineon in April 2020. Under his leadership, Cypress’ revenue increased from $723 million to $2.5 billion, and the enterprise value increased five times during his tenure as Cypress CFO. He is a seasoned finance professional with progressive leadership and management experience with both global publicly held technology companies and startups. Mr. Trent has a proven track record of driving sustainable financial performance, transformative mergers and acquisitions, operational excellence, process efficiency, financial leadership and robust compliance and regulatory control. He earned his Bachelor of Science in business administration and finance at San Diego State University.
Simon Keeton . Mr. Keeton joined onsemi in July 2007 and is currently the Group President, PSG of onsemi. During his career, Mr. Keeton has held various management positions within onsemi. Before Mr. Keeton’s promotion to his current role on February 26, 2024, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager, PSG starting in January 2019. Prior to that role, he was a Senior Vice President and General Manager of the MOSFET Division. From 2012 to 2016, Mr. Keeton served as Vice President and General Manager of the Integrated Circuit Division under our former Standard Products Group. Prior to that time, he served as Vice President and General Manager of the Consumer Products Division from 2009 to 2012 and as Business Unit Director of our Signals and Interface Business Unit from 2007 to 2009. Before joining onsemi, Mr. Keeton served as Strategic Planning Manager of the Digital Enterprise Group of Intel Corporation ("Intel") and held various marketing and business management roles at Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in computer
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engineering and a Master of Science Degree in electrical engineering from Michigan State University, and a Master of Business Adminis tration from Pepperdine University – in addition to completing an executive business program from Harvard Business School.
Sudhir Gopalswamy . Mr. Gopalswamy joined onsemi in March 2022 and is currently the Group President, ISG and AMG of onsemi. He served as Senior Vice President and General Manager, AMG from April 2023 to February 2024. Prior to April 2023 when he was appointed to lead AMG, Mr. Gopalswamy was the Chief Strategy Officer driving our corporate strategy development, annual strategic planning cycle and other key initiatives. Before joining onsemi, he served as Principal at Shamago Advisors from March 2021 to March 2022. Mr. Gopalswamy worked at Cypress from 2008 until its 2020 acquisition by Infineon. Following that acquisition, Mr. Gopalswamy was appointed Executive Vice President and Board Member of the Connected Secure Systems Division of Infineon and served in that role until March 2021. Before joining Cypress in 2008, he held leadership positions with ever-increasing scope at Intel and Conexant Systems, Inc. Mr. Gopalswamy holds a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering from Purdue University, as well as a Master in Business Administration from Duke University, and he has also attended Stanford Directors’ College at Stanford University.
Available Information
Our website is www.onsemi.com . We make our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and other reports and all amendments to those reports available, free of charge, in the "Investor Relations" section of our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these materials with, or furnish these materials to, the SEC. Information on or accessible through our website is neither part of, nor incorporated by reference into, this Form 10-K or any other report filed with or furnished to the SEC. You can also find these materials on the SEC website at www.sec.gov .
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Item 1A. Risk Factors
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K includes "forward-looking statements," as that term is defined in Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated in this Form 10-K could be deemed forward-looking statements, particularly statements about our plans, strategies and prospects under the headings "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Business." Forward-looking statements are often characterized by words such as "believes," "estimates," "expects," "projects," "may," "will," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "should" or similar expressions, or by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. All forward-looking statements in this Form 10-K are made based on our current expectations, forecasts, estimates and assumptions, and involve risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause results or events to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements are described below. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We assume no obligation to update such information, which speaks only as of the date made, except as may be required by law.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk and uncertainty, and you should carefully consider the trends, risks and uncertainties described below and other information in this Form 10-K and subsequent reports filed with or furnished to the SEC before making any investment decision with respect to our securities. The risk factors described below are not all of the risks we may face. Other risks not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may materially affect our business. If any of the following trends, risks or uncertainties occurs or continues, our business, financial condition or operating results could be materially and adversely affected, the trading price of our securities could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by this cautionary statement.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Business
The manufacturing and other operations required to produce our products are highly dependent on the efficient operation of numerous processes, including processes contingent upon third-party component manufacturers and other service providers, and any disruption in these processes could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Our manufacturing network includes multiple owned and third-party facilities, which may each produce one or more components necessary for the assembly of a single product. As a result of this interdependence, an operational disruption at a single facility may have a disproportionate impact on our ability to produce many of our products. In the event of such a disruption, we may be unable to effectively source replacement components on acceptable terms from qualified third parties, in which case our ability to produce many of our products could be materially disrupted or delayed. Conversely, some of our facilities are single source facilities that only produce one of our end-products, and a disruption at any such facility would materially delay or cease production of the related product. In the event of any such operational disruption, we may experience difficulty in beginning production of replacement components or products at new facilities or transferring production to other existing facilities, any of which could result in a loss of future revenues and materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
In addition, for certain manufacturing activities and for the supply of raw materials, we utilize third-party suppliers. Our agreements with these suppliers typically require us to commit to purchase goods or services based on forecasted product needs, which may be inaccurate, and, in some cases, require longer-term commitments. We are also dependent upon a limited number of highly specialized third-party suppliers for required components and materials for certain of our key technologies. Arranging for replacement manufacturers and suppliers can be time-consuming and costly, and the number of qualified alternative providers can be extremely limited. Our business operations, productivity and customer relations could be materially adversely affected if these contractual relationships were disrupted or terminated, the cost of such services increased significantly, the quality of the services deteriorated or our forecasted needs proved to be materially incorrect. Generally, our agreements with suppliers of raw materials impose no minimum or continuing supply obligations, and we obtain our raw materials and supplies from a large number of sources. However, shortages could occur in various essential raw materials, and if we are unable to obtain adequate supplies of raw materials in a timely manner, the costs of our raw materials increase significantly, their quality deteriorates or they give rise to compatibility or performance issues in our products, our results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Our manufacturing efficiency is contingent upon the operations of these interdependent processes and will continue to be an important factor in our future profitability, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain our manufacturing efficiency, increase our manufacturing efficiency to the same extent as our competitors when facing an increased demand, or be successful in our manufacturing rationalization plans. For example, public health crises may cause disruption to our domestic
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and international operations. Any associated worker absenteeism, quarantines and restrictions on certain of our employees’ ability to perform their jobs, office and factory closures or restrictions, labor shortages, disruptions to ports and other shipping infrastructure, border closures and/or other travel or health-related restrictions could, depending on the magnitude of such effects on our manufacturing activities (or activities of our suppliers, third-party distributors or sub-contractors), cause disruption and delay to our supply chain, manufacturing and product shipments. Such disruption and delays could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
In addition, if we are unable to utilize our manufacturing facilities, testing facilities and external manufacturers at expected or minimum purchase obligation levels, or if production capacity increases while revenue does not, the fixed costs and other operating expenses associated with these facilities and arrangements will not be fully absorbed, resulting in higher average unit costs and lower gross profits, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, if we need to rapidly increase our business and manufacturing capacity to meet increases in demand or expedited shipment schedules, this could strain our manufacturing and supply chain operations and negatively impact our working capital. Moreover, if we are unable to accurately forecast demand for our products, we may purchase more or fewer parts than necessary or incur costs for canceling, postponing or expediting delivery of parts. If we purchase or commit to purchase inventory in anticipation of customer demand that does not materialize, or such inventory is rendered obsolete by the rapid pace of technological change, or if customers reduce, delay or cancel orders, we may incur excess or obsolete inventory charges.
We may be unable to implement certain business strategies and restructuring initiatives and the pursuit of such strategies and initiatives could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We may from time to time determine to implement business strategies and restructuring initiatives. Because our strategies and restructuring activities may involve changes to many aspects of our business, including the location of our production facilities and personnel and the potential exit of certain product lines and businesses, our ability to successfully execute these activities depends on a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control. If we are not able to effectively manage or efficiently implement these strategies and/or restructuring initiatives for reasons within or outside of our control, then our business operations could be materially adversely affected.
In addition, implementation of a business strategy may lead to the disruption of our existing business operations. Similarly, the contingent risks associated with transferring our existing operations to an acquirer, as is the case with several transition services being provided in connection with some of our prior divestitures, could materially impact our financial condition or results of operations and/or could disrupt our existing operations, especially if the acquirer is unable to meet its commitments under any transition services agreements or if the acquirer encounters financial difficulty. Furthermore, any adjustments we make to our manufacturing capacity, whether in response to customer demand or based on business strategy (such as increasing investment in capacity for new products and technology or divesting non-strategic operations), may adversely impact our existing operations or our customer relationships, require additional management time and effort to implement successfully, and, in the case of capacity expansion, lead to higher than anticipated capital expenditures. There are inherent execution risks in expanding or right-sizing production capacity, whether at one of our own factories or at a third-party factory that we utilize, all of which could increase our costs and negatively impact our operating results.
The failure to successfully and timely realize the anticipated benefits of these transactions or strategies could have a material adverse effect on our profitability, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, even if we fully execute and implement these activities, there may be other unforeseeable and unintended consequences that could materially adversely impact our profitability and business, including unintended employee attrition or harm to our competitive position. To the extent that our strategy or restructuring initiatives do not enhance our profitability or yield other anticipated benefits, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
If we are unable to identify and make the substantial research and development investments or develop new products required to satisfy customer demands, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
The semiconductor industry requires substantial investment in research and development in order to develop and bring to market enhanced technologies and products. The development of new products is complex and time-consuming, often requiring significant capital investment and lead time for development and testing. We cannot assure you that we will have sufficient resources to maintain the level of investment in research and development required to remain competitive. In addition, the lengthy development cycle for certain of our products could limit our ability to adapt quickly to changes affecting the product markets and requirements of our customers and end-users, and we may be unable to develop innovative responses to our customers’ and end-users’ evolving needs on the timelines they require or at all. There can be no assurance that we will win competitive bid selection processes, known as "design wins," for new products. In addition, design wins do not guarantee that we will make customer sales or generate sufficient revenue to recover design and development investments, realize a return on the capital expended or achieve expected gross margins, as expenditures for technology and product development are generally
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made before the commercial viability for such developments can be assured. To the extent that we underinvest in our research and development efforts, fail to recognize the need for innovation with respect to our products, or our investments and capital expenditures in research and development do not lead to sales of new products, we may be unable to bring to market technologies and products attractive to customers and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected. Further, products that are commercially viable may not have an immediate impact on our revenue or contribute to our operating results in a meaningful way until at least a few years after they are introduced into the market. Developing and selling new products or expanding sales to new customers, including government entities, may subject us to additional regulations and legal obligations. Our failure to comply with such requirements could increase our operational risks and reduce our competitiveness.
The semiconductor industry is characterized by rapidly evolving technologies, innovation, short product life cycles, evolving regulatory and industry standards and certifications, changing customer needs, wide fluctuations in supply and demand and frequent new product introductions. Products are often replaced by more technologically advanced substitutes and, as demand for older technology falls, the price at which such products can be sold drops. If we cannot advance our process technologies or improve our production efficiencies to a degree sufficient to maintain required margins, we will not be able to make a profit from the sale of older products. In certain limited cases, we may not be able to cease production of older products, either due to contractual obligations or for customer relationship reasons and, as a result, may be required to bear a loss on such products for a sustained period of time. If reductions in our production costs fail to keep pace with reductions in market prices for products we sell, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. If our new product development efforts fail to align with the needs of our customers, our business and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
The semiconductor industry is highly competitive, and has experienced significant consolidation, and if we are unable to compete effectively or identify attractive opportunities for consolidation, it could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our ability to compete successfully in the highly competitive semiconductor industry depends on elements both within and outside of our control. We face significant competition within each of our product lines from major global semiconductor companies as well as smaller companies focused on specific market niches. In addition, companies not currently in direct competition with us may introduce competing products in the future.
If we are unable to compete effectively, our competitive position could be weakened relative to our peers, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. Our future success depends on many factors, including the development of new technologies and effective commercialization and customer acceptance of our products, and our ability to increase our position in current markets, expand into adjacent and new markets, and optimize operational performance. Products or technologies developed by competitors may render our products or technologies obsolete or noncompetitive. We also may be unable to market and sell our products if they are not competitive on the basis of price, quality, technical performance, features, system compatibility, ease of use, customized design, innovation, availability, delivery timing and reliability. If we fail to compete effectively on developing strategic relationships with customers and customer sales and technical support, our sales and revenue may be materially adversely affected. Competitive pressures may limit our ability to raise prices, and any inability to maintain revenue or raise prices to offset increases in costs could have a significant adverse effect on our gross margin. Our gross margins may fluctuate across time periods and operating segments and could experience volatility or downward pressure due to a variety of factors. Reduced sales and lower gross margins would materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The semiconductor industry has experienced, and may continue to experience, significant consolidation among companies and vertical integration among customers. Larger competitors resulting from consolidations may have certain advantages over us, and we may be at a competitive disadvantage if we fail to identify attractive opportunities to acquire companies to expand our business. Consolidation among competitors and integration among customers could erode our market share, impair our capacity to compete and require us to restructure our operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In addition, some of our competitors may receive governmental subsidies or other incentives that give them a competitive advantage over us. For example, the United States and the European Union have enacted legislation to provide funding and incentives for semiconductor research, development, and manufacturing in their respective regions. If we are unable to access such funding or incentives, or if any awards or incentives we do receive are reduced, terminated or clawed back, or if our competitors receive more funding or incentives than we do, we may be at a disadvantage in developing and producing new or improved products or technologies, which could adversely affect our market share, revenue and profitability.
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Because a significant portion of our revenue is derived from customers in the automotive and industrial end-markets, including revenue pursuant to our long-term supply agreements, a downturn or lower sales to customers in either end-market could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
A significant portion of our sales are made to customers within the automotive industry and the industrial sector, and the demand for our products depends in part on the market conditions in these end-markets. Sales into the automotive and industrial end-markets represented approximately 51% and 28% of our revenue, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2025. The automotive industry is cyclical and the industrial sector tends to thrive during a time of economic expansion. As a result, our customers in each end-market are sensitive to changes in general economic conditions, inflationary pressure, changes in interest rates, disruptive innovation and end-market preferences, any of which can adversely affect sales of our products and, correspondingly, our results of operations. Changes in demand in these end-markets (such as fluctuations in demand for EVs), or changes that have the potential to disrupt sales activities to customers in these end-markets, can significantly impact our operating results. Additionally, the quantity and price of our products sold to customers in each end-market could decline despite continued growth in such end-markets. Lower sales to customers in either end-market may have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
We had one customer, a distributor, whose revenue accounted for approximately 11% and 10% of the total revenue for the years ended 2025 and 2024, respectively, across all reportable segments. Although we are not dependent on any single customer, a significant disruption in key customer relationships could adversely affect our business. Further, we could experience fluctuations in our customer base or the mix of revenue by customer or end-market, as markets and strategies evolve.
Further, to the extent we have long-term supply agreements with our customers that include fixed pricing, we could be subject to fluctuating manufacturing costs that could negatively impact our profitability. Additionally, under our long-term supply agreements, we could incur certain obligations if we are not able to fulfill our commitments. Furthermore, certain customers, from time to time, have sought and may seek to amend or cancel the delivery or other terms of their long-term supply agreements with us. When any such contractual amendments are made, the timing, pricing or amount of products delivered under such long-term supply agreements may be modified in circumstances where we believe it advances the long-term customer relationship. Such an event could have an impact on our results of operations.
Our operating results depend, in part, on the performance of independent distributors.
A portion of our sales occurs through global and regional distributors that are not under our control. We rely on distributors to grow and develop their customer base and anticipate customer needs, and any lack of or underperformance in such actions by our distributors may adversely affect our results of operations. These independent distributors also generally represent product lines offered by several companies and are not subject to any minimum sales requirements or obligation to market our products to their customers. Accordingly, distributors could reduce their sales efforts for our products or choose to terminate their representation of us. In addition, in the event a distributor were to face financial difficulty, experience significant operational disruptions or terminate its operations, our revenue, cash flow, and results of operations may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if a significant distributor terminates its operations or merges with another distributor, we may be more reliant and dependent on the distribution network of our remaining distributors. Additionally, we rely on our distributors to provide accurate and timely sales reports in order for us to be able to generate financial reports that accurately represent distributor sales of our products during any given period. Any inaccuracies or untimely reports could adversely affect our ability to produce accurate and timely financial reports and recognize revenue.
Changes in, and the regulatory implementation of, tariffs or other government trade policies or geopolitical conditions could reduce demand for our products, limit our ability to sell our products to certain customers or our ability to comply with applicable laws and regulations, which may materially adversely affect our business and results of operations.
The imposition of or increase in tariffs, export controls and other trade restrictions as a result of international trade disputes or changes in trade policies or political conditions may adversely affect our sales and profitability. In addition, the global geopolitical uncertainty or escalation of geopolitical tensions involving countries where we or our suppliers operate or any retaliatory actions from such governments could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
More specifically, our assembly and test operations facility located in Leshan, China, which is owned by Leshan-Phoenix Semiconductor Company Limited, a joint venture company in which we own 80% of the outstanding equity interests, may be subjected to increased costs or additional trade restrictions stemming from the geopolitical tension between the United States and China. The U.S. Department of Commerce may add additional Chinese companies to its restricted entity list or unverified list and regulatory bodies of either country may take other actions that could expand licensing requirements or otherwise impact the market for our products and our revenue. These rules may require us to apply for and obtain additional export licenses to supply certain of our products to customers in China, and there is no assurance that we will be issued licenses that we apply for
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on a timely basis or at all. Additional tariffs, export controls or other trade restrictions between the two countries could materially adversely affect our results of operations.
In addition, tariffs on components that we import from certain nations that have imposed, or may in the future impose, tariffs may adversely affect our profitability unless we are able to exclude such components from the tariffs or we raise prices for our products, which may result in our products becoming less attractive relative to products offered by our competitors. To the extent that our sales or profitability are negatively affected by any such tariffs or other trade actions, our business and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
Our international sales and purchases are subject to numerous additional United States and foreign laws and regulations related to import and export matters. For example, licenses or proper license exceptions are required for the shipment of our products to certain countries under applicable export control regulations, including the provisions of the U.S. Export Administration Act. A determination by the United States government or any foreign government that we have failed to comply with trade or export regulations can result in penalties, including fines, administrative, civil or criminal penalties or other liabilities, seizure of products, or, in the extreme case, denial of export privileges or suspension or debarment from government contracts, which could have a material adverse effect on our sales, business and results of operations.
Our power technologies designed for AI use may not capture market share as expected, and issues related to the responsible use of AI may adversely affect our business.
Our extensive range of power technologies are used to help power AI data centers and we expect this part of our business to grow. The emergence of big data and new tools such as machine learning and AI that capitalize on the availability of large data sets is leading semiconductor manufacturers to pursue new products and approaches, and there is intense competition to capture a share of this emerging market. We may not be able to develop and offer the technology solutions that our AI-focused customers demand in a timely manner or effectively, which could have a materially adverse effect on our business. Our failure to commercialize new technologies that can power AI data centers in a timely manner or at all could result in a loss of market share, unanticipated costs and inventory obsolescence, which could adversely affect our financial results. In addition, if AI-related technologies fail to achieve the effectiveness or adoption levels currently anticipated, including due to insufficient available power or other utilities, or if our customers delay or scale back their AI deployments, demand for our AI-related products and solutions and returns on associated investments could be materially lower than we currently expect.
As with many new emerging technologies, AI presents risks and challenges and has prompted legal, social and ethical concerns relating to its responsible use that could affect its adoption. Third-party misuse of AI applications, models, or solutions, or ineffective or inadequate AI development or deployment practices by our customers could cause harm to individuals or society and impair the public’s acceptance of AI, which would in turn adversely affect our business. Further, because AI has become the focus of significant societal and regulatory debate, including concerns about safety, bias, misuse and environmental impact, our association with AI infrastructure could expose us to reputational harm, stakeholder criticism or increased regulatory scrutiny, even if we do not control the design or use of AI systems that incorporate our products. In addition, compliance with evolving government regulations worldwide related to AI may increase the costs related to the development of AI products and solutions and limit global adoption, which may also adversely impact demand for our AI-related products and solutions.
We are exposed to risks related to the use of AI tools by us and others.
We are increasingly incorporating AI tools and capabilities into our business operations where we believe appropriate, which may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks. There can be no assurance that our use of AI tools will enhance our business operations or result in a benefit to us. Our competitors may be more successful in their use of AI tools, including by developing superior products or improving their operations with the assistance of AI. Additionally, there could be adverse impacts from inaccurate or flawed algorithms. Our use of AI tools could also result in the loss of confidential information or intellectual property or an inability to claim or enforce intellectual property rights, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized use of Company data. The jurisdictions in which we conduct business have and may adopt laws and regulations related to AI, which could cause us to incur greater compliance costs, limit our use of AI tools, or subject us to legal liabilities.
We may be unable to attract and retain highly skilled personnel.
Our success depends on our ability to attract, motivate and retain highly skilled personnel, including technical, marketing, management and staff personnel, both in the United States and internationally. In the semiconductor industry, the competition for qualified personnel, particularly experienced design engineers and other technical employees, is intense. Furthermore, we have operations in many parts of the world that are currently experiencing a tight labor market for skilled employees. Additionally, we have entered into employment agreements with certain senior executives, but we do not have employment agreements with most of our employees. Many of these employees could leave our company with little or no prior notice and would be free to work for a competitor. Specific elements of our compensation programs may not be competitive with those of
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our competitors, and there can be no assurance that we will be able to retain our current personnel or recruit the key personnel we require. If one or more of our senior executives or other key personnel are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all and other senior management may be required to divert attention from other aspects of our business. Loss of the services of, or failure to effectively recruit, qualified personnel could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position and on our business.
Warranty claims, product liability claims, product recalls, and the failure to comply with the terms and conditions of our contracts, could harm our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition.
Manufacturing semiconductors is a highly complex and precise process, requiring production in a tightly controlled, clean environment. Minute impurities in our manufacturing materials, contaminants in the manufacturing environment, manufacturing equipment failures, and other defects can cause our products to be non-compliant with customer requirements or otherwise nonfunctional. We face exposure to warranty and product liability claims if our products fail to perform as expected or their failure results, or is alleged to result, in bodily injury or property damage (or both). In addition, if any of our designed products are or are alleged to be defective, we may be required to participate in their recall. As suppliers become more integrally involved in electrical design, OEMs are increasingly expecting them to warrant their products and are looking to them for contributions when faced with product liability claims or recalls. A successful warranty or product liability claim against us in excess of our available insurance coverage, if any, and established reserves, or a requirement that we participate in a product recall, could have material adverse effects on our business, results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, if our products fail to perform as expected or their failure results in a recall, our reputation may be damaged, which could make it more difficult for us to sell our products to existing and prospective customers and could materially adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations and financial condition. Even if our products meet standard specifications, our customers may attempt to use our products in applications for which our products were not designed or in customer products that were not designed or manufactured properly, resulting in product failures and creating customer satisfaction issues, which may harm our reputation.
Since a defect or failure in our products could give rise to failures in the goods that incorporate them (and claims for consequential damages against our customers from their customers), we may face claims for damages that are disproportionate to the revenue and profits we receive from the products involved. In certain instances, we attempt to limit our liability through our standard terms and conditions or other contractual provisions, but there is no assurance that such limitations will be effective. To the extent we are liable for damages in excess of the revenue and profits received from the products involved, our results of operations and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
Currency fluctuations, changes in foreign exchange regulations and repatriation delays and costs could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We have sizeable operations in the Asia/Pacific region and Europe and, although a majority of our revenue is denominated in U.S. dollars, a significant portion of our cost of revenue and operating expenses are payable in foreign currencies. As a result, currency fluctuations and changes in foreign exchange regulations can have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.
In addition, repatriation of funds held outside the United States could have adverse tax consequences and could be subject to delay due to required local country approvals or local obligations. Foreign exchange regulations may also limit our ability to convert or repatriate foreign currency. If we have a lower amount of cash and cash equivalents in the United States, our financial flexibility may be reduced, which could have a material adverse effect on our ability to make interest and principal payments due under our various debt obligations. Restrictions on repatriation or the inability to use cash held abroad to fund our operations in the United States may have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Intellectual Property
If our technologies are subject to claims of infringement on the IP rights of others, efforts to address such claims could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We may from time to time be subject to claims that we may be infringing the IP rights of others. If necessary or desirable, we may seek licenses under such IP rights. However, we cannot assure you that we will obtain such licenses or that the terms of any offered licenses will be acceptable to us. The failure to obtain a license from a third party for IP that we use could cause us to incur substantial liabilities or to suspend the manufacture or shipment of products or our use of processes requiring such technologies. Further, we may be subject to IP litigation, which could cause us to incur significant expense, materially adversely affect sales of the challenged product or technologies and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel, whether or not such litigation is resolved in our favor. In the event of an adverse outcome or pursuant to the terms of a settlement of any such litigation, we may be required to pay substantial damages or settlement costs; indemnify customers or distributors; cease the manufacture, use, sale or importation of infringing products; expend significant resources to develop or
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acquire non-infringing technologies; discontinue the use of certain processes; or obtain licenses, which may not be available on reasonable terms, to continue the use, development and/or sale of the allegedly infringing technologies.
The outcome of IP litigation is inherently uncertain and, if not resolved in our favor, could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If we fail to, or are unable to, adequately protect the IP we have developed or licensed, our competitive position, business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The enforceability of our patents, trademarks, copyrights, software licenses and other IP is uncertain in certain circumstances. Effective IP protection may be unavailable, limited or not applied for in the United States and internationally. The various laws and regulations governing our registered and unregistered IP assets, patents, trade secrets, trademarks, mask works and copyrights to protect our products and technologies are subject to legislative and regulatory change and interpretation by courts. With respect to our IP generally, we cannot assure you that:
• any of the substantial number of United States or foreign patents and pending patent applications that we employ in our business will not lapse or be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, abandoned or licensed to others;
• any of our pending or future patent applications will be issued or have the coverage originally sought;
• any of the trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, know-how or mask works that we employ in our business will not lapse or be invalidated, circumvented, challenged, abandoned or licensed to others;
• any of our pending or future trademark, copyright, or mask work applications will be issued or have the coverage originally sought; or
• that we will be able to successfully enforce our IP rights in the United States or foreign countries.
Infringement or misappropriation of our IP could result in lost market and revenue opportunities, and if we are unable to enforce and protect our IP, it could have an adverse impact on our competitive position and business. Further, our assertion of IP rights often results in the other party seeking to assert alleged IP rights of its own against us, which may materially and adversely impact our business. An unfavorable ruling in these sorts of matters could include money damages or an injunction prohibiting us from manufacturing or selling one or more products, which could in turn negatively affect our business, results of operations or cash flows.
In addition, some of our products and technologies are not covered by any patents or pending patent applications. We seek to protect our proprietary technologies, including technologies that may not be patented or patentable, in part by confidentiality agreements and, if applicable, inventors’ rights agreements with our collaborators, advisors, employees and consultants. We cannot assure you that these agreements will not be breached, that we will have adequate remedies for any breach or that persons or institutions will not assert rights to IP arising out of our research. If we fail to, or are unable to, adequately protect our IP, competitors may develop products or technologies that duplicate our products or technologies, benefit financially from innovations for which we bore the costs of development and undercut the sales and marketing of our products, all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
Disruptions or breaches of our information technology systems could irreparably damage our reputation and our business, expose us to liability and materially adversely affect our results of operations.
We routinely collect and store sensitive data, including confidential and other proprietary information about our business and our employees, customers, suppliers and business partners. The secure processing, maintenance and transmission of this information is important to our operations and business strategy. We have experienced and expect to continue to experience disruptions, failures or breaches of our information technology environment, such as those caused by computer viruses, illegal hacking, criminal fraud or impersonation, acts of vandalism or terrorism or employee error. Our cybersecurity measures and/or those of our third-party service providers and/or customers may not detect or prevent such security breaches. Although we are not aware of any cybersecurity incidents that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect our business as of the date of this report, we continue to devote resources to reduce the risk of or alleviate cybersecurity breaches and vulnerabilities, and those costs could be significant. Although we maintain a cybersecurity program to manage cybersecurity risks, our efforts may not be successful and could result in interruptions and delays that may materially impede our sales, manufacturing operations, distribution or other critical functions. Any compromise of our information security could result in the misappropriation or unauthorized publication of our confidential business or proprietary information or that of other parties with which we do business, an interruption in our operations, the unauthorized transfer of cash or other of our assets, the unauthorized release of customer or employee data or a violation of privacy or other laws. In addition, computer programmers and hackers also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms and other malicious software programs that attack our products, or that otherwise exploit any security vulnerabilities, and any such attack, if successful, could expose us to liability to customer claims. Further, AI and quantum computing capabilities are increasingly being used to identify vulnerabilities and
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craft sophisticated cybersecurity attacks. Any of the foregoing could irreparably damage our reputation and business, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. We maintain cyber risk insurance, although an insufficiency or unavailability of insurance coverage could adversely affect our cash flows and overall profitability. Furthermore, our efforts to comply with evolving laws and regulations related to cybersecurity may be costly and any failure to comply could result in investigations, proceedings, investor lawsuits and reputational damage.
We are subject to governmental laws, regulations and other legal obligations related to privacy and data protection.
The legislative and regulatory framework for privacy and data protection issues worldwide is rapidly evolving and is likely to remain uncertain for the foreseeable future. We collect Personally Identifiable Information ("PII") and other data as part of our business processes and activities. This data is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including oversight by various regulatory or other governmental bodies. Many foreign countries and governmental bodies, including the European Union and other relevant jurisdictions where we conduct business, have laws and regulations concerning the collection and use of PII and other data obtained from their residents or by businesses operating within their jurisdictions that are currently more restrictive than those in the United States. Additionally, within the United States, different states have enacted various regulations governing the treatment of PII. Any inability, or perceived inability, to adequately address privacy and data protection concerns, even if unfounded, or to comply with applicable laws, regulations, policies, industry standards, contractual obligations or other legal obligations, could result in additional cost and liability to Company officials or us, including substantial monetary fines, and could damage our reputation, inhibit sales and adversely affect our business.
Our extensive reliance on information technology systems, including reliance on third-party service providers, could have a materially adverse impact on our business, and our substantial investments in such information technology systems could result in significant potential risks and failures.
We rely extensively on information technology systems and related personnel to collect, use, retain, manage, transmit, and protect transactions and data. For these information technology systems, applications, and processes to operate effectively, we or our service providers must maintain and update them. Delays in the maintenance, updates, upgrading, or patching of these systems, applications or processes, as well as the actions taken to maintain, update, upgrade and patch, could impair their effectiveness or expose us to security risks.
Some of these systems are managed or provided by third-party service providers, including certain cloud platform providers. Failure by these third-party service providers to meet their contractual, regulatory and other obligations to us, or our failure to adequately monitor their performance, could result in our inability to achieve expected efficiencies and result in additional costs to correct errors made by such service providers. Depending on the function involved and despite the availability of contractual remedies against these providers, such errors can also lead to business disruption, systems performance degradation, processing inefficiencies or other systems disruptions, the loss or theft of or damage to intellectual property or sensitive data through security breaches or otherwise, incorrect or adverse effects on financial reporting, litigation, claims, legal or regulatory proceedings, inquiries or investigations, fines or penalties, remediation costs, damage to our reputation or have a negative impact on employee morale, all of which can materially adversely affect our business.
In addition, we are currently making, and will continue to make, substantial investments in our information technology systems, infrastructure and personnel, including a new enterprise resource planning system implemented in the third quarter of 2025, in certain cases with the assistance of strategic partners and other third-party service providers. These investments involve replacing existing systems, some of which are older, legacy systems that are less flexible and efficient, with successor systems; outsourcing certain technology and business processes to third-party service providers; deploying enhanced end-to-end digital processes (which may include the use of AI); maintaining or enhancing legacy systems that are not currently being replaced; designing or cost effectively acquiring new systems with new functionality; or testing the use and incorporation of AI, including generative AI.
These efforts, including the continued transition to and implementation of the new enterprise resource planning system and related systems, could result in significant potential risks, including failure of the systems to operate as designed, unexpected impacts on related systems or processes, potential loss or corruption of data, failures in security processes and internal controls, cost overruns, implementation delays or errors, disruption of operations, and the potential inability to meet business and reporting requirements. Any system implementation issues or transition difficulties may result in operational challenges, security issues, reputational harm, and increased costs that could adversely affect our business operations, our relationships with our customers, and results of operations.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Regulation
Environmental and health and safety liabilities and expenditures could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
The semiconductor industry continues to be subject to increasing environmental regulations, particularly those that control and restrict the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage and disposal of certain chemicals, elements and materials used or
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produced in the semiconductor manufacturing process. For example, a number of domestic and foreign jurisdictions regulate, or may seek to regulate, the use of a class of chemicals known as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (“PFAS”), which are currently used in our products or the manufacture of some of our products, which may negatively impact our supply chain due to the potentially decreased availability, or non-availability, of PFAS-containing products or suitable alternatives. In addition, our operations and those of our suppliers are further governed by regulations focused on conflict minerals and restrictions on other materials, as well as laws or regulations governing the operation of our facilities, sale and distribution of our products, and real property.
We also have operations subject to laws and regulations relating to workplace safety and worker health, which, among other requirements, regulate employee exposure to hazardous substances. We have indemnities from third parties for certain environmental and health and safety liabilities for periods prior to our operations at some of our current and past sites, and we have also purchased environmental insurance to cover certain claims related to historical contamination and future releases of hazardous substances. However, we cannot assure you that such indemnification arrangements and insurance will cover any or all of our material environmental costs. In addition, the nature of our operations exposes us to the continuing risk of environmental and health and safety liabilities including:
• changes in United States and international environmental or health and safety laws, regulations or policies, especially those implemented with immediate effect;
• the manner in which environmental or health and safety laws or regulations will be enforced, administered or interpreted;
• our ability to enforce and collect under indemnity agreements and insurance policies relating to environmental liabilities;
• the cost of compliance with future environmental or health and safety laws or regulations or the costs associated with any future environmental claims, including the cost of clean-up of currently unknown environmental conditions; or
• the cost of fines, penalties or other legal liability, should we fail to comply with environmental or health and safety laws or regulations.
We incur costs associated with complying with evolving environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and related disclosure obligations. Failure to comply with these laws or regulations could subject us to significant costs and liabilities. To the extent that we face unforeseen environmental or health and safety compliance costs or remediation expenses or liabilities that are not covered by indemnities or insurance, we may bear the full effect of such costs, expenses and liabilities, which could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our failure to comply with anti-corruption laws could result in penalties that could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We are subject to the FCPA, which generally prohibits companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business and/or other benefits, along with various other anti-corruption laws. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure that we, our employees and other intermediaries comply with the FCPA and other anti-corruption laws to which we are subject, there is no assurance that such policies or procedures will work effectively all of the time or protect us against liability under the FCPA or other laws for actions taken by our employees and other intermediaries with respect to our business or any businesses that we may acquire. If we are not in compliance with the FCPA and other laws governing the conduct of business with government entities (including local laws), we may be subject to criminal and civil penalties and other remedial measures, which could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity. Any investigation of any potential violations of the FCPA or other anti-corruption laws by the United States or foreign authorities could harm our reputation and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Changes in tax legislation or exposure to additional tax liabilities could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We operate globally through our foreign subsidiaries and are, therefore, subject to complex income tax and transfer pricing regulations in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Changes to, or interpretations of, tax legislation or regulations and our operating structure, strategy or investment decisions could significantly increase our effective tax rate, impact our tax obligations and reduce our cash flow from operating activities.
International and domestic initiatives, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's base erosion and profit shifting project and potential U.S. tax reforms, could adversely affect our future reported results of operations or the way we conduct our business. Most of our income is taxable in the United States with a significant portion qualifying for preferential treatment as foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”). If our customers move manufacturing operations to the United States, our FDII deduction may be reduced.
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On July 4, 2025, the U.S. government enacted the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “OBBBA”). While we are subject to the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (“CAMT”), we currently have no CAMT liability. However, future changes in our financial results, business operations, or the interpretation and implementation of the OBBBA could result in a CAMT liability in subsequent periods.
These types of initiatives and changes, as they are adopted or enacted, may increase tax uncertainty and may adversely affect our provision for income taxes, which could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
Furthermore, the impact of any new tax legislation may differ from our estimates, possibly materially, due to, among other things, changes in interpretations and assumptions we have made and future regulatory guidance.
Social and environmental responsibility regulations, policies and provisions, as well as customer and investor demands, may make our supply chain more complex and may adversely affect our relationships with customers and investors.
With the increasing focus on corporate social and environmental responsibility in the semiconductor industry, a number of our customers have adopted, or may adopt, procurement policies that include social and environmental responsibility provisions or requirements that their suppliers should comply with, or they may seek to include such provisions or requirements in their procurement terms and conditions. In addition, an increasing number of OEMs are seeking to source products that do not contain minerals sourced from areas where proceeds from the sale of such minerals are likely to be used to fund armed conflicts, such as in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This could adversely affect the sourcing, availability and pricing of minerals used in the manufacture of semiconductor devices, including our products. As a result, we may face difficulties in satisfying these customers’ demands, which may harm our sales and operating results.
The expectations of our stakeholders with respect to corporate social and environmental matters are not uniform and can change rapidly. Some investors expect us to disclose corporate social and environmental policies, practices and metrics under voluntary disclosure standards and frameworks while others are critical of or oppose such initiatives. We periodically communicate our strategies, goals and targets related to our corporate social and environmental policies and programs . These strategies, goals and targets, and their underlying assumptions and projections, reflect our current plans and aspirations, but we may be unable to achieve them. It is also possible that our investors might not be satisfied with our policies, programs, goals, performance and related disclosures, or the speed of their adoption, implementation and measurable success, or that we have adopted such policies, programs and commitments at all.
In addition, unfavorable ratings or assessment of our corporate social and environmental policies and programs , including our compliance with certain voluntary disclosure standards and frameworks, may lead to negative investor sentiment toward us, which could have a negative impact on our stock price and our access to and cost of capital.
Furthermore, in pursuit of our goal to achieve net zero emissions by 2040, or in response to future customer or investor expectations and regulatory requirements, we may take certain actions that may result in material expenditures that could impact our financial condition or results of operations and/or disrupt our existing operations.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Indebtedness
Our debt could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
As of December 31, 2025, we had $3,004.9 million of outstanding principal relating to our indebtedness. We may need to incur additional indebtedness in the future to repay or refinance other outstanding debt, to make acquisitions or for other purposes, and if we incur additional debt, the related risks that we now face could intensify. As of December 31, 2025, we had approximately $1.5 billion available for future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility. The degree to which we are leveraged could have important consequences for our business and operations, including impacting our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and general corporate purposes.
To the extent that we continue to maintain or expand our significant indebtedness, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.
The inability to meet our obligations under our Credit Agreement could materially and adversely affect us by, among other things, limiting our ability to conduct our operations and reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions.
The obligations under the Credit Agreement are collateralized by a lien on substantially all of the assets of the guarantors under the Credit Agreement, including a pledge of the equity interests in certain of our domestic and first-tier foreign subsidiaries. As a result, if we are unable to satisfy our obligations under the Credit Agreement, the lenders could take possession of and foreclose on the pledged collateral securing the indebtedness, in which case we would be at risk of losing the related collateral, which would have a material adverse effect on our business and operations. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires mandatory prepayment if the outstanding amounts drawn thereunder exceed the total commitments, which may result in prepaying outstanding amounts under the Revolving Credit Facility rather than using funds for other business purposes. Our
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financing structure, and any inability to meet our obligations thereunder, could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition, including, among other things, our ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, and other general corporate purposes and could reduce our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions.
The agreements relating to our indebtedness, including the Credit Agreement and the 3.875% Notes, may restrict our ability to operate our business, and as a result may materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Our debt agreements, including the Credit Agreement and the 3.875% Notes, contain, and any future debt agreements may include, a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and our subsidiaries. Such restrictive covenants may significantly limit our ability to: incur additional debt; incur liens; make certain investments or acquisitions; redeem, or otherwise perform our obligations under the terms of, our 3.875% Notes; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; engage in mergers or consolidations or certain other "change of control" transactions; make distributions to our stockholders; engage in restructuring activities; engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions; and issue or repurchase stock or other securities.
Such agreements may also require us to satisfy other requirements, including maintaining certain financial ratios and condition tests. Our ability to meet these requirements can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet them. To the extent we fail to meet any such requirements and are in default under our debt obligations, our financial condition may be materially adversely affected.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations, and any inability to repay our debt when required would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Our ability to generate sufficient cash flow from operating activities to make required payments on our debt obligations will depend on our future financial performance, which will be affected by a range of economic, competitive, and business factors, many of which are outside of our control. If we do not generate sufficient cash to satisfy our debt obligations as they come due, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans, such as refinancing or restructuring our debt, selling assets, reducing or delaying capital investments, or seeking to raise additional capital. We cannot assure you that any refinancing would be possible, that any assets could be sold, or, if sold, of the timing of the sales and the amount of proceeds realized from those sales, or that additional financing could be obtained on acceptable terms, if at all, or would be permitted under the terms of our various debt instruments then in effect.
Furthermore, we cannot assure you that, if we were required to repurchase any of our debt securities upon a change of control or other specified event, our assets or cash flow would be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments or that we would be able to refinance or restructure the payments on those debt securities. If we are unable to repay, refinance or restructure our indebtedness under our collateralized debt, the holders of such debt could proceed against the collateral securing that indebtedness, which could materially negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. A default under our committed credit facilities, including our Credit Agreement, could also limit our ability to make further borrowings under those facilities, which could materially adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, to the extent we are not able to borrow or refinance debt obligations, we may have to issue additional shares of our common stock or instruments convertible into common stock, which would have a dilutive effect to the stockholders immediately prior to such issuance.
An event of default under any agreement relating to our outstanding indebtedness could cross default other indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If there were an event of default under certain of our agreements relating to our outstanding indebtedness, the holders of the defaulted debt could cause all amounts outstanding with respect to that debt to be due and payable immediately, which default or acceleration of debt could cross default other indebtedness. Any such cross default would put immediate pressure on our liquidity and financial condition and would amplify the risks described above with regards to being unable to repay our indebtedness when due and payable. We cannot assure you that our assets or cash flow would be sufficient to fully repay borrowings under our outstanding debt instruments if accelerated upon an event of default and, as described above, any inability to repay our debt when due would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If our operating subsidiaries, which may have no independent obligation to repay our debt, are not able to make cash available to us for such repayment, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be adversely affected.
We conduct our operations through our subsidiaries. Repayment of our indebtedness is dependent on the generation of cash flow by our subsidiaries and their ability to make such cash available to us, by dividend, debt repayment or otherwise. Unless they are guarantors of our indebtedness, our subsidiaries have no obligation to pay amounts due on such indebtedness or to make funds available for that purpose. Our subsidiaries may not be able to, or may not be permitted to, make distributions to
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enable us to make payments in respect of our indebtedness. Each subsidiary is a distinct legal entity, and, under certain circumstances, legal, contractual, governmental, or regulatory restrictions may limit our ability to obtain cash from our subsidiaries. In the event that we do not receive distributions or payments from our subsidiaries, we may be unable to make required principal and interest payments on our indebtedness and, as described above, any inability to repay our debt when due would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations under our variable rate indebtedness could increase significantly, which would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Borrowings under certain of our facilities from time to time, including under our Credit Agreement, are at variable rates of interest and as a result expose us to interest rate risk. While interest rates have stabilized during 2025, if interest rates increase or remain at elevated levels, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our net income and cash flows, including cash available for servicing our indebtedness, will correspondingly decrease. We may not maintain interest rate swaps with respect to all of our variable rate indebtedness, and any swaps we enter into may not fully mitigate our interest rate risk. To the extent the risk materializes and is not fully mitigated, the resulting increase in interest expense could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. Further, significant changes in our credit rating, disruptions in the global financial markets, or incurrence of new or refinancing of existing indebtedness at higher interest rates could have a material and adverse effect on our access to and cost of capital for future financings, and financial condition.
The timing of the cash payments to service the 0% Notes, the 0.50% Notes and the 3.875% Notes is not entirely in our control and may require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow or the ability to raise the funds necessary to satisfy these obligations in a timely manner.
As of December 31, 2025, we had outstanding approximately $804.9 million aggregate principal amount of our 0% Notes, $1,500.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 0.50% Notes and $700.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 3.875% Notes (collectively, the "Outstanding Notes"). Holders of the Outstanding Notes have certain rights that would require us to make repurchases prior to the stated maturity for all or a portion of the amounts due in certain circumstances. For example, holders of the 3.875% Notes have the right to require us to repurchase all of their 3.875% Notes upon the occurrence of certain change of control triggering events accompanied by certain ratings events (as described in the indenture governing the 3.875% Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 101% of their principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, accrued prior to, but not including, the repurchase date.
Servicing the Outstanding Notes may require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow or the ability to raise the funds necessary to satisfy our obligations under such notes. Our ability to make cash payments in connection with conversions of the 0% Notes or the 0.50% Notes, repurchase any of the Outstanding Notes in the case of an applicable repurchase-triggering event under the respective indentures or repay such notes at maturity will depend on market conditions and our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. There is also no assurance that we will be able to refinance the Outstanding Notes on favorable terms, or at all.
In certain circumstances, an acquisition of our Company and similar triggering events could also trigger an option of the holders of Outstanding Notes to require us to repurchase such notes. This may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of our Company that would otherwise be beneficial to the holders of Outstanding Notes and our common stock, which could materially decrease the value of such notes and of our common stock.
The terms of the Credit Agreement and the terms of the 3.875% Notes limit the amount of future indebtedness secured by liens that we may incur. If we incur significantly more debt, this could intensify the risks described above. Our decision to use our cash for other purposes, such as to make acquisitions or to repurchase our common stock, could also intensify these risks.
Note hedge and warrant transactions we have entered into may materially adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Concurrently with the issuances of the 0% Notes and the 0.50% Notes, respectively, we entered into note hedge transactions with certain financial institutions, which we refer to as the option counterparties. The convertible note hedges are expected to reduce the potential dilution upon any conversion of the respective series of notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes of such series, as the case may be. We also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties with respect to the 0% Notes and the 0.50% Notes. The warrant transactions could separately have a dilutive effect on our common stock to the extent that the market price per share of our common stock exceeds $74.34, with respect to the 0% Notes and $156.78 with respect to the 0.50% Notes.
In connection with establishing their initial hedge of the convertible note hedges and warrant transactions for the 0% Notes and the 0.50% Notes, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates have purchased shares of our common stock and/or entered into various derivative transactions with respect to our common stock. The option counterparties or their respective
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affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivatives contracts with respect to our common stock and/or purchasing or selling our common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of such notes. The potential effect, if any, of these transactions and activities on the market price of our common stock will depend in part on market conditions and cannot be ascertained at this time. Any of these activities could materially adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Counterparty risk with respect to the note hedge transactions, if realized, could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The option counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we are subject to the risk that these option counterparties may default under the note hedge transactions. We can provide no assurances as to the financial stability or viability of any of the option counterparties. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties is not secured by any collateral. If one or more of the option counterparties to one or more of our note hedge transactions becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at the time under those transactions.
To the extent the option counterparties do not honor their contractual commitments with us pursuant to the note hedge transactions, we could face a material increase in our exposure to potential dilution upon any conversion of the 0% Notes and/or the 0.50% Notes and/or cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted 0% Notes and/or the 0.50% Notes, as the case may be. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in the market price of our common stock and in the volatility of the market price of our common stock. In addition, upon a default by one of the option counterparties, we may suffer adverse tax consequences with respect to our common stock. Any such adverse tax consequences or increased cash payments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Trends, Risks and Uncertainties Related to Our Common Stock
Provisions in our charter documents may delay or prevent the acquisition of us, which could materially adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions that could make it harder for a third party to acquire us without the consent of our Board of Directors. These provisions:
• establish advance notice requirements for submitting nominations for election to the Board of Directors and for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at a meeting;
• authorize the issuance of "blank check" preferred stock, which is preferred stock that our Board of Directors can create and issue without prior stockholder approval and that could be issued with voting or other rights or preferences that could impede a takeover attempt; and
• require the approval by holders of at least 66 2/3% of our outstanding common stock to amend certain of these provisions in our certificate of incorporation or by-laws.
Although we believe these provisions make a higher third-party bid more likely by requiring potential acquirers to negotiate with our Board of Directors, these provisions apply even if an initial offer may be considered beneficial by some stockholders. Any delay or prevention of an acquisition of us that would have been beneficial to our stockholders could materially decrease the value of our common stock.
The amount and frequency of our share repurchases are affected by a number of factors and may fluctuate.
Although we have adopted a share repurchase program, we are not obligated to repurchase a specified number or dollar value of shares under our share repurchase program or at all. The amount, timing, and purchases under our share repurchase program, if any, are influenced by many factors and may fluctuate based on our operating results, cash flows, and priorities for the use of cash and because of changes in tax laws, and the market price of our common stock. In addition, we cannot guarantee that our share repurchase program will be fully consummated or that it will enhance long-term shareholder value. Holders of our common stock should be aware that repurchases of our common stock under any repurchase plan then in effect are discretionary and may be suspended or discontinued at any time for any reason regardless of our financial position.
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General Risk Factors
We may be unable to successfully make or integrate strategic acquisitions, joint ventures, collaborations or strategic investments, which could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
We have made, and may continue to make, strategic acquisitions, investments and other alliances including the formation of joint ventures or collaborations that involve significant risks and uncertainties. Successful acquisitions, collaborations and alliances in our industry require, among other things, efficient integration and aligning of product offerings and manufacturing operations and coordination of sales and marketing and research and development efforts, often in markets or regions in which we have less experience. Risks related to successful integration of an acquisition include, but are not limited to the ability to integrate information technology and other systems; issues not discovered in our due diligence; customers responding by changing their existing business relationships with us or the acquired company; diversion of management’s attention from our day to day operations; and loss of key employees post-integration. In addition, we may incur unexpected costs or taxes resulting from the acquisition or integration of the newly acquired business. Missteps or delays in integrating our acquisitions, which could be caused by factors outside of our control, or our failure to realize the expected benefits of the acquisitions on the timeline we anticipate, could materially adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Depending on the level of our ownership interest in and the extent to which we can exercise control over the acquired business, we may be required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and SEC rules and regulations to consolidate newly acquired businesses into our consolidated financial statements. The acquired businesses may not have independent audited financial statements or statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, or the acquired businesses may have financial controls and systems that are not compatible with our financial controls and systems, any of which could materially impair our ability to properly integrate such businesses into our consolidated financial statements on a timely basis. Any revisions to, inaccuracies in or restatements of our consolidated financial statements due to accounting for our acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.
If our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.
We acquire other companies and intangible assets and may not realize all the economic benefit from those acquisitions, which could cause an impairment of goodwill or intangible assets. We review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. We test goodwill for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be a change in circumstances, indicating that the carrying value of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets may not be recoverable, include a decline in our stock price and market capitalization, reduced future cash flow estimates, and slower growth rates in industry segments in which we participate. We have in the past recorded, and may in the future be required to record, a significant charge in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets is determined, negatively affecting our financial position and results of operations.
Downturns or volatility in general economic conditions, as well as general macroeconomic trends and impacts, could have an adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Historically, worldwide semiconductor industry sales have tracked the impacts of adverse economic conditions, specifically financial crises, subsequent recoveries and persistent economic uncertainty. Recent global economic uncertainty could continue and potentially result in certain economies dipping into economic recessions, including in the United States.
We have in the past and could in the future experience period-to-period fluctuations in operating results due to general industry or economic conditions. The onset of an economic recession and volatile or uncertain economic conditions can adversely impact our sales and profitability and make it difficult for us and our competitors to accurately forecast and plan our future business activities. Furthermore, inflationary pressure and increases in interest rates have and may continue to increase our costs, which could negatively impact revenue, earnings and demand for our products. These macroeconomic and global financial risks could also negatively impact the value and liquidity of our investment portfolio.
In addition to general economic conditions, impacts of other macroeconomic events, such as valuation concerns related to AI technologies, continued inflation and labor market concerns, public health crises, geopolitical tensions or conflicts and risks, climate change and other severe weather and natural disasters and uncertainties in global financial markets, could materially adversely impact our operations or those of our suppliers, third party distributors and sub-contractors. If any of these events impact our supply chain or component costs, manufacturing and product shipments could be delayed or such events could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, disruption of transportation and distribution systems could result in reduced operational efficiency and customer service interruption. Such events can negatively impact revenue and earnings and can significantly impact cash flow.
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