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Årsredovisning 2024

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increase. Sampo Group also helps its corporate and 
private customers to manage climate-related risks. 
Extreme weather events can, for example, damage 
properties and lead to crop failure and business 
interruption. Loss prevention is an essential part of 
insurance services, as it helps customers to reduce 
economic losses and mitigates the impacts of climate 
change.
Sampo Group’s investments can be exposed to both 
physical risks and transition risks, depending on the 
investment in question. Investments are particularly 
exposed to physical risks in the form of losses incurred 
from extreme weather events. The transition to a low-
carbon society, with potentially increasing 
environmental and climate regulation, more stringent 
emission requirements, and changes in market 
preferences, could in turn cause transition risks for the 
Group’s investments, and a possible revaluation of 
assets as operating models in carbon-intense sectors 
change. To manage physical risks and transition risks, 
investment opportunities are carefully analysed before 
any investments are made, and climate-related risks are 
considered along with other factors affecting the risk-
return ratio of individual investments. The methods 
used by Sampo Group include annual analysis of the 
carbon footprint and climate impact of investments, 
sector-based screening and ESG integration, monitoring 
the geographical distribution of investments, and 
engagement with investee companies.
In terms of climate change scenario analysis, Sampo 
Group, together with the external vendor ORTEC 
Finance, has analysed the Group investment portfolio's 
exposure to systemic economic and financial climate 
change risks in four different climate scenarios over the 
next 40 years. Based on the impact on macroeconomic 
variables as well as the potential effect on claims related 
to natural catastrophes, including consequences on 
pricing of insurance contracts, the impact on the 
insurance results has also been analysed. 
For more information on the scenario analysis, see the 
section Climate change in the Sustainability Statement.
Core risk management activities
To create value for all stakeholders in the long run, 
Sampo Group must have the following forms of capital 
in place:
• Financial flexibility in the form of adequate capital and 
liquidity.
• Good technological infrastructure.
• Intellectual capital in the form of comprehensive 
proprietary actuarial data and analytical tools to 
convert this data into information.
• Human capital in the form of skilful and motivated 
employees.
• Social and relationship capital in the form of good 
relationships with society and clients to understand 
the changing needs of different stakeholders.
These resources are being continuously developed in 
Sampo Group. They are in use when the following core 
activities related to risk pricing, risk taking, and active 
management of risk portfolios are conducted.  
Appropriate selection and pricing of underwriting risks 
• Underwriting risks are carefully selected and are 
priced to reflect their inherent risk levels.
• Insurance products are developed proactively to 
meet clients’ changing needs and preferences.
Effective management of underwriting exposures 
• Diversification is actively sought. 
• Reinsurance is used effectively to reduce largest 
exposures.
Careful selection and execution of investment 
transactions
• Risk return ratios and sustainability issues of separate 
investments opportunities are carefully analysed.
• Transactions are executed effectively.
Effective mitigation of consequential risks
• Counterparty default risks are mitigated by carefully 
selecting counterparties, applying collateral 
agreements, and assuring adequate diversification.
• High quality and cost-efficient business processes are 
maintained.
• Continuity and recovery plans are continuously 
developed to secure business continuity.
Effective management of investment portfolios and the 
balance sheet 
• Balance between expected returns and risks in 
investment portfolios and the balance sheet is 
optimised, considering the features of insurance 
liabilities, internally assessed capital needs, regulatory 
solvency rules and rating requirements.
• Liquidity risks are managed by having an adequate 
portion of investments in liquid instruments. The 
portion is mainly dependent on the features of the 
liabilities. 
At the Group level, the risk management focus is on 
capitalisation, leverage, and liquidity. It is also essential 
to identify potential risk concentrations, and to have a 
thorough understanding of how solvency and reported 
profits of Group companies would develop under 
different scenarios. These concentrations and 
correlations may influence Group level capitalisation, 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 231

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leverage, and liquidity, as well as on Group level 
management actions. 
When the above-mentioned core activities are 
successfully implemented, a balance between profits, 
risks and capitalisation can be achieved and shareholder 
value can be created.
Underwriting risks at Sampo Group
With respect to the underwriting businesses carried out 
in the subsidiary companies, it has been established that 
If and Topdanmark operate within the Nordic countries, 
but mostly in different geographical areas, and in 
different lines of business; hence their underwriting risks 
differ by nature. However, there are no material 
underwriting risk concentrations in the normal course of 
business. Hastings operates solely in the 
United Kingdom and hence, its underwriting risks are 
geographically distinct from the Nordics. Consequently, 
business lines as such are contributing diversification 
benefits rather than a concentration of risks.   
Sampo Group’s insurance service result increased in 
2024 by 14 per cent to EUR 1,394 million (1,193). The 
table Underwriting performance, 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023 presents the development of 
insurance revenue, claims expenses, operating 
expenses, and insurance service result for the last two 
years. 
Underwriting performance
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
EURm
Insurance revenue
Reinsurance premiums 
expenses
Insurance service 
expenses, Claims 
incurred
Insurance service 
expenses, Operating 
expenses
Reinsurers' share of 
claims incurred Insurance service result
2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023 2024 2023
Motor 4,520 3,973 -392 -590 -2,989 -2,688 -680 -621 173 424 632 499
Workers' 
compensation 314 309 -6 -6 -164 -106 -43 -42 5 1 106 155
Liability 460 446 -71 -68 -213 -222 -68 -65 36 22 143 114
Accident 1,162 910 -8 -6 -746 -542 -180 -148 6 4 234 217
Property 2,796 2,532 -406 -307 -2,054 -2,097 -388 -347 297 393 244 173
Marine, aviation, 
transport 136 142 -24 -27 -75 -79 -21 -22 16 13 31 28
Other 62 105 -2 -2 -46 -76 -16 -22 4 1 3 7
Total 9,450 8,418 -909 -1,006 -6,287 -5,810 -1,396 -1,266 537 858 1,394 1,193
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 232

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Key sensitivities
Effects from instant change on profit or loss in year 2024
EURm Shock 2024
Combined ratio (quarterly effect) Discount rate  +100 bps  -0.60 % 
Combined ratio (quarterly effect) Discount rate   -100 bps  0.60 %
Insurance finance income and expense, net Discount rate  +100 bps  330 
Insurance finance income and expense, net Discount rate   -100 bps  -380 
Net investment income Interest rates  +100 bps  -320 
Net investment income Interest rates   -100 bps  350 
Net investment income Spreads +100 bps  -330 
Net investment income Equities  -10%  -220 
The main non-life underwriting risks that may influence 
future claims are the risk of single large claims and the 
risk of catastrophe events. However, Sampo Group has 
comprehensive reinsurance programmes in place, 
contributing to the low level of underwriting risk. The 
negative economic impacts of natural catastrophes and 
single large claims are also mitigated by the Group’s 
well-diversified portfolio. Claims costs may also be 
affected by uncertainty in claims outstanding caused by 
higher-than-expected claims inflation, lower discount 
rates, or an increased retirement age with the 
consequence that both annuities and lump sum 
payments would increase. However, higher long-term 
inflation would be expected to coincide with higher 
nominal discount rates, whereby the effects would in 
part cancel each other out. 
Net liabilities for incurred claims have been presented in 
the following table.  
Net liabilities for incurred claims
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
Sweden Norway Finland Denmark Baltics UK Total
EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration
Motor other and MTPL  779  8.9  163  1.3  655  11.0  273  2.2  111  4.0  1,030  2.2  3,011  5.9 
- whereof MTPL  679  10.2  91  2.0  633  11.4  238  2.3  98  4.5  —  —  1,739  8.8 
Workers' compensation  —  —  97  2.8  773  10.3  1,137  7.3  —  —  —  —  2,008  8.3 
Liability  229  3.8  100  1.5  113  2.7  193  2.5  23  2.0  —  —  658  2.8 
Accident  253  6.0  338  5.9  190  7.1  269  2.3  3  0.3  —  —  1,053  5.2 
Property  349  0.9  334  0.9  160  0.8  325  1.1  34  0.4  44  1.0  1,245  0.9 
Marine, aviation, transport  17  0.7  18  0.7  9  1.0  13  0.7  2  0.6  —  —  59  0.8 
Other  —  —  0  —  —  —  34  1.1  —  0.0  —  —  34  1.1 
Total  1,628  6.0  1,050  2.8  1,900  8.9  2,243  4.6  172  3.0  1,074  2.1  8,067  5.3 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 233

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Underwriting risks at If Group
As shown in the graph Breakdown of gross written 
premiums by business area, country, and line of 
business, If, 31 December 2024, the If insurance portfolio 
is well diversified across business areas, countries, and 
lines of business. The six lines of business are 
segmented in accordance with the insurance class 
segmentation used in IFRS.
Breakdown of gross written premiums by business area, country, and line of business
If, 31 December 2024, total EUR 5,860 million (5,468)
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 234

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There are minor differences between the figures 
reported by Sampo Group and If due to different 
foreign exchange rates used in the consolidation.
Premium and catastrophe risk and their 
management and control
The main factors affecting If’s premium risk are claims 
volatility, claims inflation, and pricing methodology. 
Given the inherent uncertainty of P&C insurance 
operations, there is a risk of losses due to unexpectedly 
high claim expenses. Examples of what could lead to 
high claim expenses include large fires, natural 
catastrophes, or an unforeseen increase in the 
frequency or the average size of small and medium-
sized claims. Another example is claims inflation, which 
is taken into account in the pricing process and can 
affect competitiveness when claim costs increases.
The principal methods for mitigating premium risk are  
reinsurance and risk sharing, portfolio diversification, 
prudent underwriting, and detailed and frequent follow-
ups linked to the strategy and financial planning 
process.
An analysis of how changes in the combined ratio, 
insurance revenue, and claims incurred affect the result 
before tax is presented in the table Sensitivity analysis, 
premium risk, If, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 
2023. 
Sensitivity analysis, premium risk
If, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Level 2024
Change in current 
level Effect on result before tax (Gross) Effect on result before tax (Net)
Key Figures (Gross) (Net) 2024 2023 2024 2023
Combined ratio, business area Private  81.9 %  82.2 % +/- 1 percentage point + / - -  3 0 . 1 + / - -  2 8 . 7 + / - -  2 9 . 7 + / - -  2 8 . 4
Combined ratio, business area Commercial  89.4 %  83.6 % +/- 1 percentage point + / - -  1 3 . 7 + / - -  1 3 . 2 + / - -  1 3 . 6 + / - -  1 3 . 1
Combined ratio, business area Industrial  76.9 %  88.7 % +/- 1 percentage point + / - -  1 0 . 3 + / - -  9 . 2 + / - -  6 . 6 + / - -  6 . 3
Combined ratio, business area Baltics  85.6 %  86.0 % +/- 1 percentage point + / - -  2 . 4 + / - -  2 . 3 + / - -  2 . 4 + / - -  2 . 2
Insurance revenue (net of reinsurance premium 
expenses EURm)  5,680  5,258 +/- 1 per cent + / - -  5 6 . 8 + / - -  5 3 . 3 + / - -  5 2 . 6 + / - -  4 9 . 9
Claims incurred (EURm)  3,873  3,554 +/- 1 per cent + / - -  3 8 . 7 + / - -  3 7 . 6 + / - -  3 5 . 5 + / - -  3 3 . 7
The overall risk appetite and risk tolerance limit for 
underwriting risk is set out in the Risk Management 
Policy, which is complemented by sub-limits for risks 
within the underwriting operations. The Underwriting 
Policy sets general principles, restrictions, and 
directions for the underwriting activities, and is 
supplemented by guidelines outlining in greater detail 
how to conduct underwriting within each business area. 
The Reinsurance Policy stipulates guidelines for the 
purchase of reinsurance. The optimal choice of 
reinsurance program is evaluated by comparing the 
expected cost with the benefit of the reinsurance, as 
well as the impact on result volatility and capital 
requirements. The main tool for this evaluation is the 
Sampo Group internal model in which small claims, 
large claims, and natural catastrophes are modelled. 
The Reinsurance Policy includes limitations on 
permitted reinsurers as well as limits relating to 
concentration risk and reinsurance risk. 
In 2024, retention levels were between SEK 100 million 
(approximately EUR 11.0 million) and SEK 300 million 
(approximately EUR 34.0 million) per risk and SEK 300 
million (approximately EUR 34.0 million) per event.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 235

===== SIDA 236 =====

Reserve risk and its management and control
If's main reserve risks are claims inflation and increased 
retirement age. 
Reserves, especially in long tailed business, are sensitive 
to assumptions of future claims inflation, as they affect 
the future claim amount. An increased retirement age, 
through for instance a political decision, will increase 
the duration and present value of annuities as they 
decrease, or expire, at retirement. An increase in life 
expectancy will likewise increase the duration and 
present value of annuities. 
The valuation of the liability for incurred claims always 
includes a degree of uncertainty, since it is based on 
estimates of the size and the frequency of future claim 
payments. The uncertainty in the valuation is normally 
greater for new portfolios for which complete run-off 
statistics are not yet available, and for portfolios 
including claims that take a long time to settle. Workers’ 
compensation, motor third party liability (MTPL), 
personal accident, and liability insurance are products 
with the latter characteristics.
The value of the net liability for incurred claims is, in 
addition to risk factors relating to reserve risk, also 
impacted by changes in discount rates and exchange 
rates. These market risks are described in sections for 
interest rate risk and currency risk. Reserve risk differs 
from interest rate risk since it relates to the size of 
future cash flows, while the interest rate risk only 
impacts the present value of future cash flows.
The duration of the provisions, and thus the sensitivity 
to changes in discount rates, varies with each product 
portfolio. The weighted average duration for 2024 
across the product portfolios was 6.1 years (6.2).
A large part of the exposure relates to lines of business 
MTPL and workers’ compensation, where a part of the 
liability for these lines includes annuities. In 2024 the 
proportion of liability for incurred claims related to 
MTPL and workers’ compensation was 51 per cent (52).
In the table Net liability for incurred claims by line of 
business and major geographical area, If, 31 December 
2024 and 31 December 2023, the size and duration of 
If’s IFRS net liability for incurred claims are presented 
by line of business and major geographical area. 
Net liabilities for incurred claims by line of business and major geographical area 
If, 31 December 2024
Sweden Norway Finland Denmark Baltics Total
EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration
Motor other and MTPL  800  8.8  163  1.3  655  11.0  102  2.3  111  4.0  1,831  8.3 
- whereof MTPL  699  10.0  91  2.0  633  11.4  97  2.4  98  4.5  1,618  9.3 
Workers' compensation  —  —  97  2.8  773  10.3  319  8.1  —  —  1,190  9.1 
Liability  229  3.8  100  1.5  113  2.7  84  2.8  23  2.0  548  2.9 
Accident  253  6.0  338  5.9  190  7.1  79  1.9  3  0.3  863  5.8 
Property  349  0.9  334  0.9  160  0.8  125  0.3  34  0.4  1,001  0.8 
Marine, aviation, transport  17  0.7  18  0.7  9  1.0  12  0.7  2  0.6  58  0.7 
Total  1,648  5.9  1,050  2.8  1,900  8.9  721  4.5  172  3.0  5,491  6.1 
Includes internal items with Hastings.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 236

===== SIDA 237 =====

Net liabilities for incurred claims by line of business and major geographical area
If, 31 December 2023
Sweden Norway Finland Denmark Baltics Total
EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration EURm Duration
Motor other and MTPL  868  9.2  226  1.7  669  10.8  103  3.0  107  4.0  1,972  8.2 
- whereof MTPL  774  10.2  159  2.3  647  11.1  89  3.1  93  4.5  1,762  9.2 
Workers' compensation  —  —  116  2.9  805  10.4  300  8.2  —  —  1,220  9.1 
Liability  249  4.0  120  1.5  117  3.3  74  2.9  20  2.0  580  3.1 
Accident  283  6.4  319  6.1  163  7.0  80  1.7  3  0.3  847  5.9 
Property  330  1.0  364  0.8  175  0.7  101  0.4  26  0.6  996  0.8 
Marine, aviation, transport  17  0.7  16  0.7  9  1.1  26  0.6  3  0.7  70  0.7 
Total  1,747  6.3  1,162  2.7  1,938  8.9  681  4.7  158  3.1  5,686  6.2 
A sensitivity analysis of the reserve risk is presented in 
the table below, as well as the interest rate risk relating 
to insurance contracts. The effects represent the 
immediate impact on the liability values as a result of 
changes in the different risk factors as per December 31 
each year. The sensitivity analysis is calculated before 
tax. Changes in the liability for incurred claims, net will 
result in a corresponding change in result before 
income taxes. The effect in the income statement is 
presented in either the insurance service result or the 
net financial result. 
Sensitivity analysis, reserve risk
If, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Insurance liabilities item Risk factor Change in risk parameter Country
Effect EURm
2024 Gross
Effect EURm 
2024 Net
Effect EURm 
2023 Gross
Effect EURm 
2023 Net
Discounted estimated future cash 
flows Inflation increase Increase by 1 percentage point
Sweden 110.4 106.5 124.5 120.1
Denmark 35.7 33.8 33.6 33.0
Finland 29.0 27.9 25.5 25.2
Norway 17.3 16.2 21.5 20.2
Annuities and reated INBR Decrease in mortality Life expectancy increase 
by 1 year
Sweden 14.7 14.7 15.1 15.1
Denmark 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0
Finland 49.1 49.1 49.2 49.2
Norway 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Discounted liability for incurred 
claims Decrease in discount rate Decrease by 1 percentage point to 
liquid part of yield curve
Sweden 79.0 75.2 87.0 82.6
Denmark 35.3 33.4 33.5 32.9
Finland 169.5 168.4 171.6 171.3
Norway 28.6 27.5 31.4 30.1
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 237

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The output from the sensitivity analysis is illustrated 
both before and after reinsurance in the claims cost 
trend tables. These are disclosed in note 21. 
The Boards of Directors decide on the guidelines 
governing the calculation of insurance liabilities. The 
Chief Actuary is responsible for developing and 
presenting guidelines on how the insurance liabilities 
are to be calculated, and for assessing whether the level 
of total liability is sufficient.  
The actuarial estimates are based on historical claims 
data and exposures that are available at the closing 
date. Considered factors include loss development 
trends, level of unpaid claims, changes in legislation, 
case law and economic conditions. When estimating the 
liability, established actuarial methods are generally 
used, combined with projections of the number of 
claims and average claim costs. 
Underwriting risks in Topdanmark 
As shown in the graph Breakdown of gross written 
premiums by business area, country and line of 
business, Topdanmark, 31 December 2024, 
Topdanmark’s insurance portfolio is well diversified 
across Business areas and lines of business.
Breakdown of gross written premiums by business area, country and line of business
Topdanmark, 31 December 2024, Total EUR 1,553 million (1,339)
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 238

===== SIDA 239 =====

Premium and catastrophe risk and their 
management and control
The main underwriting risk that influences the 
performance is the risk of catastrophe events. However, 
the insurance risk of Topdanmark Forsikring is 
mitigated by a comprehensive reinsurance program. 
The reinsurance program focuses on catastrophe risks 
such as storm, cloudburst, fire, and other cumulative 
risks, where several policyholders are affected by the 
same event. The biggest retentions are on storm with 
DKK 150 million plus reinstatement for each event, while 
the biggest retention on fire is DKK 30 million with a 
maximum capacity of DKK 1,245 billion. In workers' 
compensation risks are covered up to DKK 1 billion with 
a retention of DKK 50 million.
Nearly all insurance risks in Topdanmark Forsikring are 
measured by a partial internal model instead of the 
Solvency ll standard model. The partial internal model 
has been approved by the Danish Supervisory 
Authorities for solvency calculations. The efficiency of 
the reinsurance programme is assessed by the partial 
internal model.
With certain restrictions, acts of terrorism are covered 
by the reinsurance contracts. The NBCR (nuclear, 
biological, chemical, radiological) acts of terrorism are 
covered by a public organisation. This is based on an 
Act on NBCR acts of terrorism. Under this scheme the 
costs from a NBCR attack in Denmark will initially be 
borne by the State, but those costs will subsequently be 
recovered from policyholders.
Premium risk reduction measures taken at different 
levels of operations are as follows:
• Collection of data on risk and claims history
• Use of collected and processed data in profitability 
reporting, risk analyses, and in the internal model
• Ongoing follow-up on risk developments, as well as 
quarterly forecasts for future risk development
• Correct pricing using a statistical model tool, 
including customer scoring tools
• Reinsurance cover that reduces the risk, especially for 
catastrophe events
• Ongoing follow-up on the risk overview and 
reinsurance coverage in Topdanmark's Risk 
Committee.
To maintain product and customer profitability, 
Topdanmark monitors changes in its customer 
portfolios. Provisions are recalculated, and the 
profitability reports are updated in the same context on 
a monthly basis. Based on this reporting, trends in claim 
levels are carefully assessed, and price levels may be 
adjusted if considered necessary. 
In the private market segment, customer scoring is 
used, and customers are divided into groups, according 
to their expected profitability levels. The customer 
scoring has two roles. First, it helps to maintain the 
balance between the individual customer's price and 
risk. Secondly, it facilitates the fairness between 
individual customers by ensuring that no customers are 
paying too large premiums to cover losses from 
customers who pay too small premiums. 
The historical profitability of major SME customers with 
individual insurance schemes is monitored using 
customer assessment systems. These assessment 
systems enable Topdanmark to achieve accurate 
information about income, claims expenses, combined 
ratio etc., for each customer.
In addition to the analysis described above, 
Topdanmark continuously improves its administration 
systems to achieve more detailed data, which, in turn 
enables the company to continuously improve pricing 
and gain even better insight into how the different 
types of claims are composed. 
The insurance risk scenarios are presented in the table 
Sensitivity analysis, premium risk, Topdanmark, 31 
December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 239

===== SIDA 240 =====

Sensitivity analysis, premium risk
Topdanmark, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Key figures
Current level 2024 
(Gross)
Current level 2024 
(Net)
Change in current 
level
Effect on result before tax (Gross) Effect on result before tax (Net)
2024 2023 2024 2023
Combined ratio, business area 
Private  85.6 %  85.4 %
+/- 1 percentage 
point +/- 8.2 +/- 7.6 +/- 8.1 +/- 7.5
Combined ratio, business area 
Commercial  85.0 %  83.2 %
+/- 1 percentage 
point +/- 7.4 +/- 7.0 +/- 6.6 +/- 6.4
Insurance revenue (net of 
insurance premium expense, 
EURm)  —  1,468 +/- 1 per cent — — +/- 14.7 +/- 13.8
Claims incurred (EURm)  1,017  971 +/- 1 per cent +/- 10.2 +/- 9.5 +/- 9.7 +/- 9.1
Reserve risk and its management and control
The insurance lines of business are divided into short-
tail i.e., those lines where the period from notification 
until settlement is short, and long-tail i.e., those lines 
where the period from notification until settlement is 
long. The main short-tail lines in Topdanmark Forsikring 
are buildings, other property, and motor. Other short 
tail lines are health products registered via Oona A/S. 
For the short-tail lines, the claims are mainly settled 
within the first year. Long-tail lines relate to personal 
injury and liability, and consist of the lines Workers' 
compensation, Accident, Motor third party insurance, 
and Commercial liability. Composition of non-life 
provisions for outstanding claims is presented in the 
following table.
Net liability for incurred claims by line of business
Topdanmark, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
2024 2023
EURm Duration EURm Duration
Motor other and MTPL  170  2.1  159  2.1 
 - whereof MTPL  141  2.3  133  2.3 
Workers' compensation  818  7.1  813  7.2 
Liability  110  2.3  105  2.3 
Accident  190  2.5  179  2.5 
Property  199  1.5  209  1.4 
Marine, aviation, transport  1  1.2  1  1.0 
Other  35  1.1  37  1.0 
Total  1,523  4.7  1,503  4.8 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 240

===== SIDA 241 =====

Due to the longer period of claims settlement, the risk 
profile of the long-tail lines of business are generally 
more uncertain than that of the short-tail lines. It is not 
unusual that claims in long-tail lines are settled three to 
five years after notification and in rare cases up to ten 
to fifteen years. 
The reserve risk is calculated using Topdanmark’s 
partial internal model for insurance risk. Workers’ 
compensation claims provision has by far the biggest 
risk, followed by the other long-tail lines’ claims 
provisions.
During such a long period of settlement, the levels of 
compensation could be significantly affected by 
changes in legislation, case-law or practice in the 
compensation of claim incidents adopted by the Danish 
Labour Market Insurance, which decides on 
compensation for injury and loss of earnings potential in 
all cases of serious industrial injuries. The practice 
adopted by the Danish Labour Market Insurance also 
has some impact on the levels of compensation for 
accident and personal injury within motor liability and 
commercial liability insurance. Supreme court decisions 
can also influence the provisions for former years, 
especially for Workers’ compensation.
The reserve risk represents mostly the ordinary 
uncertainty of calculation and claims inflation, i.e., an 
increase in the level of compensation due to the annual 
increase in compensation per policy being higher than 
the general development in prices, or due to a change 
in judicial practice or legislation. The sufficiency of the 
provisions is tested in key lines by calculating the 
provisions using alternative models as well, and then 
comparing the compensation with information from 
external sources, primarily statistical material from the 
Danish Labour Market Insurance and the Danish Road 
Sector/Road Directorate.
The sensitivity analysis of the reserve risk is presented 
in the following table.
Sensitivity analysis, reserve risk
Topdanmark, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Insurance liabilities item Risk factor Change in risk parameter Country
Effect
EURm 
2024
Effect
EURm 
2024 Net
Effect
EURm 
2023
Effect
EURm 
2023 Net
Discounted estimated future cash flows Inflation increase Increase by 1 percentage point Denmark 49.9 49.9 50.7 50.7
Annuities and reated INBR Decrease in mortality Life expectancy increase by 1 year Denmark 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9
Discounted insurance liabilities, net Decrease in discount rate Decrease by 1 percentage point Denmark 59.1 58.7 62.4 61.7
Underwriting risks in Hastings Group
Hastings provides motor, home insurance products, and 
is a provider of regulated consumer credit in the current 
form of personal loans. In the United Kingdom (UK) 
market, the motor and home insurance products are 
provided through its Gibraltar-based general insurance 
underwriting company Advantage. 
For Solvency II reporting purposes the lines of business 
are:
• Motor vehicle liability insurance (Motor liability)
• Other motor insurance (Motor other)
• Fire and other damage to property insurance
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 241

===== SIDA 242 =====

Net liability for incurred claims by line of business
Hastings, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023
EURm Duration EURm Duration
Motor 1,014 2.2 755 2.2
Property 44 1.0 40 1.8
Total 1,058 2.1 794 2.2
Sensitivity analysis, premium risk
Hastings, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Key figure
Level, 2024 
(Gross)
Level, 2024 
(Net) Change
Effect on pre-tax profit (Gross), EURm Effect on pre-tax profit (Net), EURm
2024 2023 2024 2023
Operating ratio  — %  89 % +/- 1 percentage point — — +/- 16.7 +/- 12.5
Insurance revenue (net of reinsurance 
premium expense) 2234 1814 +/- 1 per cent +/- 22.3 +/- 17.2 +/- 18.2 +/- 11.3
Claims incurred 1417 1230 +/- 1 per cent +/- 14.2 +/- 11.4 +/- 12.3 +/- 7.1
Pricing risk
Advantage's risk appetite requires management to 
maintain rates that are projected to achieve loss ratios 
within the target loss ratio range. As a response to 
market conditions, rates were regularly adjusted, after 
review by management, to remain competitive and 
provide customer-focused benefits to policyholders. 
The rate changes were regularly reviewed and 
amended, in keeping with an agile approach to pricing 
and appropriately factoring in ongoing claims cost 
inflation risk. Robust technical product pricing with 
strong governance controls for both Motor and 
Household products is the principal way Advantage 
manages insurance risk exposures, in order to mitigate 
the risk of pricing ineffectively.  
Changes to technical rates are constructed based upon 
the analysis of current and future predicted frequency 
and severity patterns, new business acquisition, and 
existing case models to ensure an appropriate risk 
spread and balance. Competitor monitoring also feeds 
into the development of pricing and product 
segmentation.
Weekly governance arrangements approve changes to 
rate plan and review account performance. The Rating 
Analysis Committee approves decisions for segment 
level rate changes and book level rate changes. The 
goal is to ensure that the business being written will be 
profitable. 
Audits are conducted on a regular basis to ensure that 
all underwriting and rating rules are being applied 
correctly.  
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 242

===== SIDA 243 =====

Reserve risk
Advantage does not take significant reserve risk and 
holds an internal risk margin at a 75 per cent confidence 
level versus the internal best estimate. Since reserving is 
subject to expert judgment, the Group Chief Actuary 
calculates the best estimate, the Hastings Group Senior 
Actuary verifies the data, appropriateness of techniques 
utilised, and assumptions used to create the best 
estimate, and an additional best estimate is created by 
a fully independent third party. Advantage has a series 
of monthly, quarterly, and semi-annual controls to 
ensure reserve adequacy. 
Hastings’ Gross Written Premiums (GWP) for 2024 
amounted to EUR 2,161 million.
Breakdown of gross written premiums by business area, country and line of business
Hastings, 31 December 2024, Total EUR 2,161 million (1,706)
Advantage maintained a disciplined approach to pricing 
despite continued market competition. Live customer 
policies grew year-on-year in 2024. This disciplined but 
agile underwriting and pricing approach led to many 
selective rate adjustments during 2024.
Claims cost inflation remained a large influence on the 
risk profile for 2024. Effective pricing, claims 
management, and frequency experience has resulted in 
profits and capital with the solvency ratio within or 
above of Advantage’s target range during the year. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 243

===== SIDA 244 =====

Sensitivity analysis, reserve risk
Hastings, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Insurance liabilities item Risk factor Change in risk parameter
Effect Gross
EURm 
2024
Effect Net
EURm 
2024
Effect Gross
EURm 
2023
Effect Net
EURm 
2023
Discounted estimated future cash 
flows Inflation increase Increase by 1 percentage point 66.1 12.6 63.0 10.1
Periodic Payment Orders (PPOs) Decrease in mortality Life expectancy increase by 1 year 3.4 0.1 3.1 0.1
Discounted insurance liabilities, net Decrease in discount rate Decrease by 1 percentage point 58.8 17.3 37.4 10.2
Market risks at Sampo Group
For all insurance entities, their insurance liabilities and 
the company specific risk appetite are the starting 
points for their investment activities. The insurance 
liabilities, including loss-absorbing buffers, as well as the 
risk appetite of the insurance entities in If, Topdanmark, 
and Hastings differ, and as a result, the structures and 
risks of the investment portfolios and the balance 
sheets of the companies differ respectively. Sampo 
Group’s investment assets presented in the tables and 
graphs in this section do not include investments in the 
shares of subsidiaries.
The total amount of Sampo Group’s investment assets 
as at 31 December 2024 was EUR 16,727 million (17,160) 
as presented in the following table, Investment 
Allocation, Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 and 31 
December 2023. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 244

===== SIDA 245 =====

Investment allocation
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
2024 2023
Asset class
Market value, 
EURm Weight, %
Average maturity, 
years
Market value, 
EURm Weight, %
Average maturity, 
years
Fixed income total  14,780  88 % 3.7  14,903  87 % 3.4
Money market securities and cash  1,262  8 % 0.1  2,026  12 % 0.1
Government bonds  1,597  10 % 4.1  1,299  8 % 3.4
Credit bonds, funds and loans  11,922  71 % 3.9  11,579  67 % 3.9
Covered bonds  4,175  25 % 4.9  4,022  23 % 4.8
Investment grade bonds and loans  6,518  39 % 3.4  6,013  35 % 3.6
High-yield bonds and loans  1,228  7 % 3.3  1,544  9 % 3.1
Listed equity total  1,520  9 % -  1,474  9 % -
Nordic Countries  693  4 % -  735  4 % -
Western Europe  447  3 % -  416  2 % -
North America  204  1 % -  155  1 % -
Asia  176  1 % -  147  1 % -
Others  0  0 % -  20  – % -
Alternative investments total  465  3 % -  800  5 % -
Real estate  0  0 % -  1  0 % -
Private equity  464  3 % -  765  4 % -
Other alternative  0  0 % -  34  0 % -
Derivatives  -38  0 % -  -17  0 % -
Asset classes total  16,727 100 % -  17,160 100% -
The financial assets, as presented in the note 12, differ from the investment allocation because the latter does not include the Hastings lending business and the associated expected credit loss (ECL) 
provision. Additionally, investment allocation includes cash and cash equivalents, accrued interest and derivatives with negative market value. It also includes settlement receivables and liabilities.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 245

===== SIDA 246 =====

Investment activities and market risk taking are 
arranged pro-actively in order to diversify single name 
risks, except with regards to Nordic banks, where most 
Sampo Group companies have placed their extra funds 
in short-term money market assets and cash. From the 
diversification of the assets on the balance sheet 
perspective, Topdanmark is a positive factor because 
the role of Danish assets is dominant in its portfolios, 
and especially the role of Danish covered bonds is 
central. In Sampo Group’s other insurance companies’ 
portfolios, the weight of Danish investments has been 
immaterial. Also Hastings’ investment
portfolio has a positive impact on the diversification of 
Sampo Group’s investments. Most Hastings’ assets are 
British investments, denominated in pound sterling, 
which is a market that Sampo Group otherwise has very 
limited exposure to. Moreover, Hastings’ investment 
portfolio consists mainly of investment grade fixed 
income investments. 
In the next paragraphs concentrations by homogenous 
risk groups and by single names are presented first, and 
after that balance sheet level risks are discussed.
Holdings by sector, geographical area and 
asset class
Regarding fixed income and equity exposures, financial 
institutions and covered bonds have a material weight 
in the group-wide portfolios, whereas the role of public 
sector investments is quite limited. Most of these assets 
are issued by Nordic corporates and institutions, 
although Hastings brings some diversification in this 
respect. Most corporate issuers, although being based 
in the Nordic countries, are operating at global markets 
and hence their performance is not as dependent on the 
Nordic markets. Exposures by sector, asset class, and 
rating are presented in the following table. Sampo 
considers that the balance sheet values to be 
descriptive of the maximum exposure amount exposed 
to credit risk.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 246

===== SIDA 247 =====

Exposures by sector, asset class and rating
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
EURm AAA
AA+
-
AA-
A+
-
A-
BBB+
-
BBB-
BB+
-
C D
Non-
rated
Fixed 
income 
total
Listed 
equities Other
Counter-
party risk Total
Change 
from 31 
Dec 2023
Basic industry  –  –  36  171  28  –  31  266  32  –  –  297  -49 
Capital goods  –  15  100  228  26  –  31  399  518  –  –  917  -84 
Consumer products  –  57  272  323  22  –  122  796  173  1  –  969  -12 
Energy  –  21  44  –  –  –  44  108  13  –  –  122  2 
Financial institutions  34  962  2,122  800  27  –  81  4,026  –  404  3  4,432  -1,049 
Governments  487  209  –  –  –  –  15  711  –  –  –  711  240 
Government guaranteed  55  25  –  –  –  –  –  80  –  –  –  80  6 
Health care  –  –  17  141  23  –  47  228  2  –  –  230  32 
Insurance  17  20  44  230  8  –  4  324  –  –  –  324  -210 
Media  –  –  –  5  5  –  47  57  –  –  –  57  42 
Packaging  –  –  –  6  12  –  9  27  –  –  –  27  2 
Public sector, other  478  18  –  –  –  –  –  496  –  –  –  496  -27 
Real estate  –  35  149  137  27  3  154  506  –  –  –  507  -133 
Services  –  –  42  193  135  –  59  428  –  –  –  428  68 
Supranationals  310  –  –  –  –  –  –  310  –  –  –  310  107 
Technology and electronics  –  12  28  68  –  –  86  193  –  1  –  194  38 
Telecommunications  –  –  35  263  –  –  –  298  43  –  –  341  51 
Transportation  –  49  85  48  5  –  62  249  –  –  –  249  29 
Utilities  –  –  130  238  60  –  94  522  –  –  –  522  114 
Others  –  –  31  20  –  –  42  93  4  25  –  122  32 
Covered bonds  3,764  –  109  –  –  –  302  4,175  –  –  –  4,175  137 
Funds  157  79  120  18  24  –  81  480  735  13  –  1,228  -22 
Clearing house  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  –  9  9  7 
Total  5,302  1,502  3,363  2,887  402  3  1,311  14,771  1,520  445  12  16,748  -677 
Change from 31 Dec 2023  -111  -235  -118  206  10  3  18  -228  43  -436  -57  -677 
Total assets differ from the table Investment allocation due to derivatives.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 247

===== SIDA 248 =====

Most of the financial institutions and covered bonds are 
in the Nordic countries, which can be seen in the table 
Fixed income investments in the financial sector, Sampo 
Group, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
Fixed income investments in the financial sector
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
EURm Covered bonds Cash and money 
market securities Long-term senior debt Long-term 
subordinated debt Total %
Denmark  2,214  7  332  168  2,721 32,3 %
Sweden  1,506  40  474  175  2,195 26,0 %
Norway  303  –  361  311  974 11,6 %
Finland  39  310  269  161  778 9,2 %
France  –  153  233  15  401 4,8 %
United States  –  –  331  –  331 3,9 %
United Kingdom  –  134  144  –  278 3,3 %
Canada  64  –  131  –  195 2,3 %
Netherlands  –  –  159  32  192 2,3 %
Australia  45  –  37  –  82 1,0 %
Switzerland  5  –  70  –  75 0,9 %
Iceland  –  –  61  –  61 0,7 %
Germany  –  –  50  –  50 0,6 %
Spain  –  –  37  –  37 0,4 %
Belgium  –  –  33  –  33 0,4 %
Austria  –  –  21  –  21 0,2 %
Bermuda  –  –  3  8  11 0,1 %
Total  4,175  644  2,745  871  8,435 100,0 %
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 248

===== SIDA 249 =====

Fixed income investments in the financial sector
Sampo Group, 31 December 2023
EURm Covered bonds
Cash and money 
market securities Long-term senior debt
Long-term 
subordinated debt Total %
Sweden  1,776  191  566  169  2,702 32,1 %
Denmark  1,863  79  315  162  2,419 28,7 %
Finland  52  750  275  125  1,202 14,3 %
Norway  338  –  384  319  1,041 12,4 %
France  –  249  133  5  388 4,6 %
United States  –  2  179  –  181 2,2 %
Netherlands  –  –  92  21  113 1,3 %
Iceland  –  –  60  2  62 0,7 %
Switzerland  –  –  52  –  52 0,6 %
Canada  –  –  51  –  51 0,6 %
Ireland  –  –  47  –  47 0,6 %
United Kingdom  –  –  41  –  41 0,5 %
Australia  –  –  36  –  36 0,4 %
Austria  –  –  20  –  20 0,2 %
Germany  –  –  18  –  18 0,2 %
Spain  –  –  15  –  15 0,2 %
Belgium  –  –  15  –  15 0,2 %
New Zealand  –  –  11  –  11 0,1 %
Bermuda  –  –  –  7  7 0,1 %
Total  4,028  1,271  2,310  811  8,420 100,0 %
The public-sector exposure includes government bonds, 
government guaranteed bonds, and other public-sector 
investments including supranationals, as shown in the 
tables Fixed income investments in the public sector, 
Sampo Group 31 December 2024 and 31 December 
2023. The public sector has had a relatively minor role 
in Sampo Group’s portfolios and these exposures have 
been mainly in the Nordic countries. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 249

===== SIDA 250 =====

Fixed income investments in the public sector
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
 
EURm Governments
Government 
guaranteed
Public sector, 
other Total
Sweden  415  –  96  511 
Norway  72  –  397  470 
Supranationals  –  –  313  313 
United States  122  –  –  122 
United Kingdom  87  –  –  87 
Germany  –  56  –  56 
Finland  14  25  –  39 
Total  711  80  806  1,597 
Sampo Group, 31 December 2023
EURm Governments
Governments 
guaranteed
Public sector, 
other Total
Sweden  421  –  131  552 
Norway  –  –  391  391 
Supranationals  –  6  191  197 
United States  46  –  –  46 
Germany  –  46  –  46 
Finland  –  25  –  25 
Denmark  7  –  –  7 
Total  473  77  713  1,264 
The listed equity investments of Sampo Group totalled 
EUR 1,520 million at the end of year 2024 (1,474). 
The geographical core of Sampo Group’s equity 
investments is in Nordic companies. The proportion of 
Nordic equities corresponds to 46 per cent of the total 
equity portfolio. A breakdown of the listed equity 
exposures of Sampo Group is shown in the graph 
Breakdown of listed equity investments by 
geographical regions, Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023.
Breakdown of listed equity investments by geographical regions
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
Equity funds and ETFs are reported using a fund look-through approach for both the 2024 and 2023 reporting periods.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 250

===== SIDA 251 =====

Largest holdings by single name
The largest exposures by individual issuers and 
counterparties are presented in the tables Largest 
exposures by issuer and asset class, Sampo Group 
31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
Largest exposures by issuer and asset class
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
Issuer Total, EURm
% of total 
investment 
assets
Cash & 
short-term 
fixed income
Long-term 
fixed income: 
Covered 
bonds
Long-term 
fixed income: 
Other bonds Equities
Uncolla-
teralised part 
of derivatives
Nordea Bank  1,174  7 %  204  788  181  —  1 
Nykredit Association  897  5 %  —  815  82  —  — 
Swedbank  658  4 %  —  546  112  —  — 
Svenska Handelsbanken  582  3 %  40  451  91  —  — 
Realkredit Danmark  558  3 %  —  558  —  —  — 
Sweden  511  3 %  —  —  511  —  — 
Norway  472  3 %  —  —  472  —  — 
NOBA  433  3 %  —  —  9  424  — 
Jyske Bank  299  2 %  —  226  73  —  — 
Danske Bank  223  1 %  34  15  174  —  1 
Total top 10 exposures  5,808  35 %  278  3,399  1,704  424  2 
Other  10,919  65 %
Total investment assets  16,727  100 %
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 251

===== SIDA 252 =====

Largest exposures by issuer and asset class
Sampo Group, 31 December 2023
Issuer Total, EURm
% of total 
investment 
assets
Cash & 
short-term 
fixed income
Long-term 
fixed income: 
Covered 
bonds
Long-term 
fixed income: 
Other bonds Equities
Uncolla-
teralised part 
of derivatives
Nordea Bank  959  6 %  284  489  183  —  2 
Svenska Handelsbanken  814  5 %  108  622  83  —  — 
Swedbank  713  4 %  —  589  124  —  — 
Nykredit Realkredit A/S  598  3 %  —  598  —  —  — 
Realcredit Danmark  592  3 %  —  592  —  —  — 
Sweden  552  3 %  —  —  552  —  — 
NOBA  471  3 %  —  —  46  425  — 
Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken  439  3 %  252  22  164  —  2 
Danske Bank  429  2 %  251  24  152  —  1 
Norway  391  2 %  —  —  391  —  — 
Total top 10 exposures  5,958  35 %  896  2,936  1,696  425  5 
Other  11,202  65 %
Total investment assets  17,160  100 %
The largest high-yield and non-rated fixed income 
investment single-name exposures are presented in the 
tables Ten largest direct high yield and non-rated fixed 
income investments, Sampo Group, 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023. Furthermore, the largest direct 
listed equity exposures are presented in the tables Ten 
largest direct listed equity investments, Sampo Group, 
31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 252

===== SIDA 253 =====

Ten largest high yield and non-rated fixed income investments and listed equity investments 
Sampo Group, 31 December 2024
Ten largest high yield and non-rated 
fixed income investments Rating Total, EURm
% of total fixed 
income investments Ten largest listed equity investments Total, EURm
% of total equity 
investments
Vattenfall AB BB+  60  0.4 % NOBA *  424 21,8 %
Pohjolan Voima Oy NR  32  0.2 % Nexi S.p.A. **  156 8,0 %
Campus Byen A/S NR  29  0.2 % Volvo  148 7,6 %
Swedavia AB NR  29  0.2 % ABB  88 4,5 %
Visma AS NR  28  0.2 % Nederman Holding  66 3,4 %
Hexagon AB NR  24  0.2 % Veidekke  61 3,1 %
Sanoma Oyj NR  22  0.2 % Autoliv Inc  57 2,9 %
Altera Shuttle NR  21  0.1 % Telia Company  43 2,2 %
Granite Debtco 9 Ltd NR  20  0.1 % Husqvarna  40 2,1 %
Ica Gruppen AB NR  20  0.1 % Beijer AB  32 1,7 %
Total top 10 exposures  286  1.9 % Total top 10 exposures  1,116 57,4 %
Other fixed income investments  14,494  98.1 % Other equity investments  828 42,6 %
Total fixed income investments  14,780  100.0 % Total equity investments  1,944 100,0 %
* Although NOBA is not listed company, it is major equity investment in Sampo plc's portfolio and therefore included in the table.
** Investment in Nexi S.p.A is managed by HF Evergood partners.
Ten largest high yield and non-rated fixed income investments and listed equity investments 
Sampo Group, 31 December 2023
Ten largest high yield and non-rated 
fixed income investments Rating Total, EURm
% of total fixed 
income investments Ten largest direct listed equity investments Total, EURm
% of total direct 
equity investments
Saab NR  56  0.4 % NOBA*  425  19.3 %
NOBA NR  46  0.3 % Saxo Bank*  302  13.7 %
ALM Equity NR  38  0.3 % Volvo  180  8.2 %
Ellevio Holding 1 AB NR  35  0.2 % Nexi S.p.A.**  149  6.8 %
Visma Group Holding NR  35  0.2 % ABB  86  3.9 %
Altera Infrastructure Holdings LLC NR  30  0.2 % Autoliv Inc  64  2.9 %
Swedavia NR  30  0.2 % Husqvarna  59  2.7 %
Campus Byen A/S NR  29  0.2 % Nederman Holding  56  2.6 %
Resource Group TRG NR  27  0.2 % Veidekke  46  2.1 %
Huhtamaki BB+  25  0.2 % Volvo Cars  38  1.7 %
Total top 10 exposures  351  2.4 % Total top 10 exposures  1,405  63.8 %
Other fixed income investments  14,031  97.6 % Other equity investments  797  36.2 %
Total fixed income investments  14,382  100.0 % Total equity investments  2,202  100.0 %
* Although NOBA and Saxo Bank are not listed companies, they are major equity investments in Sampo plc's portfolio and are therefore included in the table.
** Investment in Nexi S.p.A is managed by HF Evergood partners.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 253

===== SIDA 254 =====

The exposures in fixed income instruments issued by 
non-investment grade issuers are significant, because a 
relatively small number of Nordic companies are rated. 
Furthermore, many of the Nordic rated companies have 
a high yield rating. 
Balance sheet concentrations
In general, Sampo Group is structurally dependent on 
the performance of the Nordic economies, as described 
earlier. Sampo Group is also economically exposed to a 
fall in interest rates. This follows from the duration of 
insurance liabilities being longer than the fixed income 
asset duration in If. In Topdanmark and Hastings, 
interest rate risk of the balance sheet is limited, and 
hence, Topdanmark or Hastings are not increasing 
interest rate risk materially at the Group level. 
Sampo Group benefits when interest rates rise, as the 
economic value of insurance liabilities decreases more 
than the value of assets backing them. 
Market risks at If Group
The total market value of If’s investment portfolio at 31 
December 2024 was EUR 10,704 million (11,156). A large 
part of the fixed income portfolio was concentrated to 
corporate bonds issued by financial institutions, and 
bank account balances amounted to 29.6 per cent of 
the fixed income portfolio. When including covered 
bonds, the concentration to financial institutions was 
49.4 per cent. Consumer products represent the second 
largest concentration of 4.7 per cent.
The overall risk appetite and risk tolerance limit for 
market risk is set out in the Risk Management Policy, 
which is complemented by sub-limits for risks within  
investment operations in the Investment Policy and 
Currency Risk Policy. The Investment Policy is the 
principal document for managing market risk. It sets the 
guiding principles, for instance, the prudent person 
principle, specific risk restrictions, and decision-making 
structure for asset management. If also has a  
Responsible Investment Policy, expanding the scope of 
the responsible investment processes and increasing 
alignment across the Sampo Group. Investment 
performance and market risk are actively monitored 
and controlled by the Investment Control Committee. 
If’s investment management strategy is conservative, 
with a low equity share and low fixed-income duration. 
Market risks of balance sheet
Asset and liability management risk
If’s exposure to ALM risk arises mainly from interest rate 
risk, inflation risk, and currency risk. ALM risk is 
considered through the risk appetite framework and is 
governed by the Investment Policy. To maintain the 
ALM risk within the overall risk appetite, the insurance 
liabilities may be matched by investing in appropriate 
fixed income instruments, and by using currency and 
interest rate derivatives. 
Interest rate risk
The exposure to interest rate risk from issued insurance 
contracts and held reinsurance contracts arises from 
the net liability for incurred claims, where future claim 
payments are discounted to present value and, 
therefore, impacted by changes in discount rates. 
The duration sensitivity to changes in interest rates in 
the net liability for incurred claims is analysed in the 
Reserve risk section. For more information see the 
tables Sensitivity analysis, reserve risk, If, 2024 and 
2023 in the section Underwriting risks.
If’s exposure to interest rate risk from financial 
instruments arises primarily from fixed income 
investments.
On a net basis, If is negatively affected when interest 
rates are decreasing, as the duration of insurance 
liabilities is longer than the duration of investment 
assets. The duration of fixed income investments at 
year-end 2024 was 2.5 years (2.4). The respective 
duration of insurance liabilities was 6.1 years (6.2). 
Interest rate risk relating to insurance liabilities is, in 
accordance with the Investment Policy, considered in 
the composition of investment assets. The interest rate 
risk is managed by sensitivity limits for instruments 
sensitive to interest rate changes.
Currency risk
If writes insurance policies that are mostly denominated 
in the Scandinavian currencies and in euro. If is mainly 
exposed to transaction currency risk due to its 
insurance operations in foreign currencies. In addition, 
If’s investment decisions create currency exposure. The 
currency risk has decreased compared to 31 December 
2023.
Transaction currency risk is reduced by matching 
insurance liabilities with investment assets in 
corresponding currencies or by using currency 
derivatives. The currency exposure in insurance 
operations is hedged to the functional currency at 
branch level on a regular basis. The currency exposure 
in investment assets is monitored weekly and is hedged 
when the exposure reaches a specified level, which is 
set with respect to cost efficiency and minimum 
transaction size. The transaction risk positions to the 
Swedish krona are shown in the tables Transaction risk 
position, If, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023. 
The tables show the net transaction risk exposures and 
the changes in the value of positions, given a 10 per 
cent decrease in the value of the functional currency.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 254

===== SIDA 255 =====

Transaction risk position 
If, 31 December 2024
Base currency SEK (in EURm) EUR USD JPY GBP SEK NOK DKK Other Total, net
Insurance operations  -3,225  -156  0  -93  13  -2,332  -1,163  -32  -6,989 
Investments  3,261  480  0  68  97  1,930  53  1  5,889 
Derivatives  -117  -323  12  20  -109  354  976  7  820 
Transaction risk, net position  -82  1  12  -5  1  -49  -134  -25  -280 
Sensitivity: SEK -10%  -8  0  1  0  0  -5  -13  -2  -28 
Transaction risk position
If, 31 December 2023
Base currency SEK (in EURm) EUR USD JPY GBP SEK NOK DKK Other Total, net
Insurance operations  -3,255  -180  0  -49  37  -2,233  -1,114  -29  -6,823 
Investments  3,091  319  0  24  113  1,869  187  0  5,604 
Derivatives  117  -123  5  22  -168  350  916  22  1,141 
Transaction risk, net position  -47  15  5  -4  -18  -13  -11  -7  -79 
Sensitivity: SEK -10%  -5  2  0  0  -2  -1  -1  -1  -8 
The transaction risk position in SEK represents exposure in foreign subsidiaries/branches within If with a functional currency other than SEK.
In addition to transaction risk, If is also exposed to 
translation risk at Group level, stemming from foreign 
operations, predominantly through If P&C insurance Ltd 
branches, with other functional currencies than SEK.
Liquidity risk
Liquidity risk is not deemed material since premiums are 
collected in advance, and large claim payments are 
usually known well in advance. The risk is managed in 
accordance with the principles set out in the Investment 
Policy. In general, the liquidity position for If is strong, 
from both availability and maturity point of view. 
Liquidity risk is reduced by investing in assets that are 
readily marketable in liquid markets. The available 
liquidity of financial assets, meaning the part of the 
assets that can be converted into cash at a specific 
point in time, is continuously analysed and reported to 
the Risk Committee.
The maturities of cash flows from financial instruments, 
insurance liabilities, and reinsurance contracts are 
presented in the tables Cash flows, according to 
contractual maturity, If, 31 December 2024 and 31 
December 2023, where financial assets and liabilities are 
divided into contracts with a contractual maturity 
profile, and other contracts. The tables also show 
expected future cash flows for insurance liabilities and 
reinsurance assets, which by nature are inherently 
associated with a degree of uncertainty. The average 
maturity of fixed income investments was 3.4 years 
(3.2).
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 255

===== SIDA 256 =====

Cash flows according to contractual maturity
If, 31 December 2024
EURm
Carrying amount 
total
Carrying amount 
without contractual 
maturity
Carrying amount with 
contractual maturity
Cash flows
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2030-
2039 2040-
Financial assets  10,848  1,353  9,495  1,434  1,850  2,524  1,577  1,129  1,945  3 
Financial assets (non-derivatives)  10,838  1,353  9,484  1,423  1,850  2,524  1,577  1,129  1,945  3 
FX derivatives  11  —  11  11  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Asset for incurred claims  659  —  659  424  131  52  23  11  18  1 
Financial liabilities  -482  -1  -481  -323  -134  -27  —  —  —  — 
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives)  -462  -1  -461  -305  -134  -27  —  —  —  — 
FX derivatives  -19  —  -19  -18  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Lease liabilities  -125  —  -125  -27  -24  -20  -17  -16  -44  — 
Liability for incurred claims and 
other insurance related payables  -6,445  —  -6,445  -2,606  -789  -475  -339  -265  -1,209  -762 
All intra-group cashflows are eliminated.
Cash flows according to contractual maturity
If, 31 December 2023
EURm
Carrying amount 
total
Carrying amount 
without contractual 
maturity
Carrying amount with 
contractual maturity
Cash flows
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2029-
2038 2039-
Financial assets  11,296  1,485  9,812  1,605  1,835  2,142  2,561  1,400  1,487  — 
Financial assets 
(non-derivatives)  11,275  1,485  9,791  1,585  1,835  2,142  2,561  1,400  1,487  — 
Interest rate swaps  2  —  2  2  —  —  —  —  —  — 
FX derivatives  19  —  19  19  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Asset for incurred claims  527  —  527  328  108  44  19  11  18  1 
Financial liabilities  -550  —  -550  -402  -31  -137  —  —  —  — 
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives)  -492  —  -492  -344  -31  -137  —  —  —  — 
FX derivatives  -58  —  -58  -58  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Lease liabilities  -148  —  -148  -27  -26  -23  -20  -14  -47  — 
Liability for incurred claims and 
other insurance related payables  -6,443  —  -6,443  -2,483  -794  -471  -339  -262  -1,301  -795 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 256

===== SIDA 257 =====

Market risks at Topdanmark 
In general, long-term value creation shall be based 
mainly on the acceptance of insurance risks. To 
supplement the profit from insurance activities,  
Topdanmark accepts a certain level of market risks, 
given its strong liquidity position and stable, high 
earnings from insurance operations. Hence, in addition 
to fixed income instruments, Topdanmark has invested, 
among other things, in equities and fixed income assets 
to improve the average investment return.
Market risks are kept on an appropriate level in order to 
limit negative profit and loss effects to very 
unfavourable financial market scenarios. The investment 
portfolio shall be managed to ensure that market risks 
will not endanger the insurance operations, even in 
unfavourable market conditions.  
To achieve company level targets, the investment policy 
sets the company's objectives, strategies, organisation, 
and reporting practices on investments. The investment 
strategy is more precisely determined in terms of 
market risk limits, and specific requirements for certain 
investments and sub-portfolios (risk appetite). The 
investment strategy is determined by the Board and 
revised at least once a year. Appropriate financial risk 
mitigation techniques are used.
When selecting the investment assets, a portfolio 
composition that matches the risk features of the 
corresponding liabilities is sought. The purpose of the 
investment policy is also to ensure that the company 
has effectively implemented the organisation, systems, 
and processes necessary to identify, measure, monitor, 
manage, and report on investment risks to which it is 
exposed.
When market risks are measured and managed, all 
exposures are included, regardless of whether they 
arise from active portfolio management of investments 
or from annuities, which are considered market risk. 
Investment allocation
The equity portfolios, excluding associated companies, 
are well-diversified and without large concentrations.
Investment assets are mostly comprised of government 
and Danish mortgage bonds. These assets are interest 
rate sensitive and to a significant extent equivalent to 
the total interest rate sensitivity of the non-life 
insurance liabilities. Consequently, the return on 
government and mortgage bonds should be assessed in 
connection with return and revaluation of non-life 
insurance liabilities. 
The small allocation to credit bonds is through an ETF, 
and is primarily exposed to European issuers.
Index-linked bonds comprise primarily, Danish 
mortgage bonds, for which the coupon and principal 
are index-linked.
Market risks of balance sheet
Interest rate risk
Interest rate risk is calculated for assets, liabilities, and 
derivative instruments, for which the carrying amount is 
dependent on the interest rate level. Regarding 
insurance liabilities, Topdanmark is exposed to interest 
rate risk due to provisions for outstanding claims.
Shifting the market yield curve upwards and 
downwards or changing its shape leads to changed 
market values of assets and derivatives, and thus to 
unrealised gains or losses.
When assessing the value and sensitivity of insurance 
provisions, Topdanmark has used the Solvency II 
discount curve that is based on the market yield curve.
Generally, the interest rate risk is limited and controlled 
by investing in interest-bearing assets in order to 
reduce the overall interest rate exposure of the assets 
and liabilities to the desired level. Therefore, the Danish 
mortgage bonds and government bonds have a central 
role in the asset portfolios. To further reduce the 
interest rate sensitivity of the balance sheet, interest 
rate swaps have been used for hedging purposes - 
especially in the long end as the Danish fixed income 
market presents few alternative assets.
Equity risk
The Danish part of the equity portfolio is based on the 
OMXCCAP index and is approximated by the ETF Xact 
OMXC25. The rest of the equity holdings are in the 
foreign equity portfolio that seeks to track the MSCI 
World DC index by the relevant geographical ETF in 
USA, Europe, and Japan. As a result, Topdanmark’s 
equity holdings are well-diversified, both in terms of 
geographical and company-specific risks.
Real estate risk
Real estate risk is limited to one property in own use 
and is located in Ballerup. The property is valued in 
accordance with Danish accounting rules.
Spread risk
Most of Topdanmark's interest-bearing assets comprise 
of AAA rated Danish mortgage bonds. The risk of credit 
losses is minor due to the high credit quality of the 
issuers and because investments have been made at 
spreads that are in balance with Topdanmark’s desired 
risk ratio levels. The portfolio is well-diversified by 
issuer, issuer type, and capital centres, and therefore, 
the exposure to concentration risk is insignificant.
The investment policy stipulates that the portfolio must 
be well-diversified by the number of counterparties and 
by the amount of exposure to individual counterparties. 
The main source of spread risk is the mortgage bonds. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 257

===== SIDA 258 =====

Due to high allocation of these investments in the 
portfolios, spread risk is the most material source of 
market risk SCR.
Currency risk
In practice, the investment assets are the only source of 
currency risk, while the insurance liabilities are in Danish 
krones. The currency risk is mitigated by derivatives, 
and net exposures in different currencies are minor 
except in the euro.
The currency risk is assessed based on the SCR. The 
value of the base currency is shocked by 25 per cent 
against most currencies, except against the euro, where 
the largest exposure exists, and the shock is 0.39 per 
cent because the Danish krone is pegged to the euro.
Inflation risk
Future inflation is implicitly included in the models 
Topdanmark uses to calculate its insurance liabilities. 
The insurance liabilities are calculated based on the 
expected future indexation of wages and salaries.
An expected higher future inflation rate would generally 
be included in the insurance liabilities with a certain 
time delay, while, at the same time, the result would be 
impacted by higher future indexation of premiums. To 
reduce the risk of inflation within Workers' 
compensation, Topdanmark uses index-linked bonds 
and inflation derivatives to hedge a proportion of the 
expected cash flows sensitive to future inflation. The 
inflation sensitivity of capitalisation factors is not 
hedged.
Liquidity risk
Topdanmark has a strong liquidity position. Firstly, as 
premiums are paid in the beginning of the coverage 
period, liquidity risk related to customers’ payments is 
very limited. Secondly, the nature of a diversified 
insurance business means that it is highly unlikely that a 
liquidity shock could occur. Insurance liabilities are quite 
stable and on the investment side, money market 
investments are complemented by a large portfolio of 
liquid listed Danish government and mortgage bonds.
The maturities of cash flows from financial instruments, 
insurance liabilities and reinsurance contracts are 
presented in the tables Cash flows according to 
contractual maturity, Topdanmark, 31 December 2024 
and 31 December 2023. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 258

===== SIDA 259 =====

Cash flows according to contractual maturity
Topdanmark, 31 December 2024
EURm
Carrying 
amount total
Carrying 
amount 
without 
contractual 
maturity
Carrying 
amount with 
contractual 
maturity
Cash flows
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2030-
2039 2040-
Financial assets 2,278 — 2,278 668 485 347 314 211 374 142
Financial assets (non-derivatives) 2,276 — 2,276 668 485 347 314 211 373 142
Interest rate swaps 2 — 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
FX forwards 0 — 0 0 — — — — — —
Asset for incurred claims 73 — 73 52 9 5 3 2 4 —
Financial liabilities -348 -175 -172 -9 -103 -60 -2 -2 -18 -2
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives) -323 -175 -148 -7 -101 -57 — — — —
Interest rate swaps -25 — -25 -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 -18 -2
FX derivatives 0 — 0 0 — — — — — —
Lease liabilities — — — — — — — — — —
Liability for incurred claims and other 
insurance related payables -1,596 — -1,596 -606 -261 -175 -124 -90 -306 -169
All intra-group cashflows are eliminated.
Cash flows according to contractual maturity
Topdanmark, 31 December 2023
EURm
Carrying 
amount total
Carrying 
amount 
without 
contractual 
maturity
Carrying 
amount with 
contractual 
maturity
Cash flows
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2029-
2038 2039-
Financial assets 1,861 — 1,861 420 424 321 170 166 505 113
Financial assets (non-derivatives) 1,859 — 1,859 420 424 321 170 166 504 113
Interest rate swaps 1 — 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
FX forwards 0 — 0 0 — — — — — —
Asset for incurred claims 79 — 79 58 9 4 3 2 4 0
Financial liabilities -299 -128 -172 -10 -9 -102 -59 -1 -21 -1
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives) -275 -128 -148 -9 -7 -101 -57 — — —
Interest rate swaps -24 — -24 -1 -2 -1 -1 -1 -21 -1
FX derivatives 0 — 0 0 — — — — — —
Lease liabilities — — — — — — — — — —
Liability for incurred claims and other 
insurance related payables -1,582 — -1,582 -603 -249 -183 -118 -87 -303 -184
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 259

===== SIDA 260 =====

Market risks at Hastings Group
Hastings’ investment portfolio has been designed to 
generate a targeted return whilst operating within the 
conservative risk appetite parameters set by the Board. 
Management aims to prudently operate within its risk 
appetite. The risk appetite includes a low appetite for 
losses arising from volatility of market prices affecting 
values of assets and liabilities, and for assets not 
matching the profile of liabilities. As a result, 
the investment strategy includes only a very limited 
amount of equity exposure.
The total market value of Hastings' investment portfolio 
at 31 December 2024 was EUR 2,263 million (1,680). The 
investment portfolio was dominated by investment 
grade fixed income investments, which comprised 60 
per cent of total investment assets. The rest was 
invested in money market securities and cash 
amounting to 15 per cent, government bonds 
amounting to 18 per cent, and high yield and alternative 
investments with a combined allocation of 6 per cent.
Investment allocation
The core investment portfolio of debt securities, 
supplemented by a diversified portfolio of holdings in 
collective investment schemes, is held by Advantage. 
The Advantage Board works with the investment 
managers and investment consultants to maximise 
return, whilst minimising risk and preserving capital. The 
criteria for the portfolio structure, classes of holdings, 
and individual limits are consistent with a very low risk 
appetite. These investment rules are monitored on a 
quarterly basis internally and using an external 
consultancy. The monitoring outputs are provided to 
the Investment Committee and Risk & Compliance 
Committee quarterly. 
Advantage made no direct use of derivatives during the 
period. Derivatives are, however, utilised within 
Investment Funds, in which Advantage has a share, 
both for hedging purposes and to generate additional 
return.
Interest rate risk
Hastings manages balance sheet interest rate risk 
principally through matched duration of assets and 
liabilities, meaning that interest rates are aligned as far 
as possible, and interest rate risk is reduced. This is 
monitored in the quarterly Investment Committee 
meetings and includes adherence to tight duration 
mismatch tolerances which form part of the relevant 
risk appetite statement. 
Liquidity risks
Hastings maintains a short duration and highly liquid 
portfolio, in line with its low risk appetite. Liquidity Risk 
is largely managed at Advantage. Cash and cash 
equivalent balances are held in current accounts or 
short-term money market instruments. These are 
generally less than 60 days in duration, with low 
sensitivity to movements in interest rates compared to 
longer duration assets. 
The liquidity profile and cashflow of investments is 
monitored at the quarterly Investment Committee to 
ensure Advantage can meet its liabilities into the future.
Advantage’s investment managers actively manage 
liquidity risk in the portfolio to ensure that bonds can be 
sold efficiently to meet cash needs. Informed by market 
data, they look to purchase bonds with less than 5 years 
since issue date, larger issue sizes, and which trade 
regularly. Liquidity scoring is conducted by Advantage’s 
investment managers, based on time since issue, issue 
size, traded volumes, and observed bid-ask spreads.   
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 260

===== SIDA 261 =====

Cash flows according to contractual maturity
Hastings, 31 December 2024 
EURm
Carrying 
amount total
Carrying 
amount 
without 
contractual 
maturity
Carrying 
amount with 
contractual 
maturity
Cash flows
2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2030-
2039 2040-
Financial assets 2,263 438 1,825 438 497 373 391 103 13 11
Financial assets 
(non-derivatives) 2,263 438 1,825 437 497 373 391 103 13 11
FX forwards 0 — 0 0 — — — — — —
Asset for incurred claims 1,537 1,537 — 409 264 225 64 99 169 307
Financial liabilities -355 — -355 -22 -85 -305 — — — —
Financial liabilities 
(non-derivatives) -354 — -354 -21 -85 -305 — — — —
Interest rate swaps -1 — -1 -1 — — — — — —
FX derivatives -0 — -0 -0 — — — — — —
Lease liabilities -5 — -5 -3 -1 -0 -0 -0 — —
Liability for incurred claims and 
other insurance related payables -2,683 -2,683 — -908 -493 -390 -154 -151 -227 -358
Cash flows according to contractual maturity
Hastings, 31 December 2023 
EURm
Carrying 
amount total
Carrying 
amount 
without 
contractual 
maturity
Carrying 
amount with 
contractual 
maturity
Cash flows
2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2029-
2038 2039-
Financial assets 1,869 704 1,165 143 341 349 179 154 — —
Financial assets 
(non-derivatives) 1,869 704 1,165 143 341 349 179 154 — —
Asset for incurred claims 1,333 1,333 — 349 236 183 61 96 169 240
Financial liabilities -187 — -187 -73 -71 -43 — — — —
Financial liabilities 
(non-derivatives) -185 — -185 -71 -71 -43 — — — —
Interest rate swaps -2 — -2 -2 — — — — — —
Lease liabilities -10 — -10 -6 -3 -1 -0 -0 -0 —
Liability for incurred claims and 
other insurance related payables -2,125 -2,125 — -670 -404 -302 -127 -137 -211 -275
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 261

===== SIDA 262 =====

Counterparty risks at If Group
In If, the major sources of counterparty risk stem from 
reinsurance recoverables and investments. 
Counterparty default risk arising from receivables from 
policyholders and other receivables related to 
commercial transactions is limited, as non-payment of 
premiums generally results in cancellation of insurance 
policies. 
Reinsurance counterparty risk
The distribution of reinsurance recoverables and pooled 
solutions is presented in the table below. In the table, 
EUR 220 million (206) is excluded, which mainly relates 
to captives and statutory pool solutions.
Reinsurance recoverables and pooled solutions
If, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023
Rating Total EURm % of total Total EURm % of total
AAA  —  — %  —  — %
AA+ - A-  633  100 %  450  100 %
BBB+ - BBB-  —  —  —  — %
BB+ - C  —  — %  —  — %
D  —  — %  —  — %
Non-rated  —  — %  —  — %
Total  633  100 %  450  100 %
The amount of the recoverables reported above is 
exposed to counterparty default risk, as recoverables 
are typically not covered by collaterals.
To limit and control credit risk associated with ceded 
reinsurance, the Reinsurance Policy sets requirements 
for the reinsurers’ minimum financial strength ratings 
and the maximum exposure limits to individual 
reinsurers. Credit ratings from rating agencies are used 
to determine the creditworthiness of reinsurance 
companies.
Counterparty risk related to investments
Before investing, potential investments are analysed 
thoroughly. The creditworthiness and outlook of the 
issuer are assessed together with any collateral and 
structural details of the potential investment. Internal 
risk indicators are important factors in the assessment, 
although the macroeconomic environment, market 
trends, and external opinions of analysts and credit 
ratings by rating agencies are also taken into account. 
In addition, the portfolio performance and the 
counterparties’ credit standings are monitored 
continuously.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 262

===== SIDA 263 =====

Counterparty risks at Topdanmark 
Topdanmark is exposed to counterparty risk in both its 
insurance and investment activities. The default risk 
related to fixed income and equity investments is 
covered by spread-risk and equity-risk models in SCR 
calculations, and hence are not discussed in this 
context.
The main sources of counterparty risk are deposits 
made to individual banks, derivative contracts with 
banks, and current receivables from reinsurance 
companies, with the addition of potential receivables 
that will arise in case of a 1-in-200-year catastrophe 
event. Topdanmark's counterparty risk is assessed by 
the SCR standard formula
Reinsurance
Within insurance activities the reinsurance companies' 
ability to pay is the most important counterparty risk 
factor. Topdanmark minimises this risk by primarily 
buying reinsurance cover from reinsurance companies 
with a minimum rating of A-, and by spreading 
reinsurance cover over many reinsurers.
For reinsurance counterparties, the Board approves 
security guidelines which determine the maximum size 
of reinsurance contract cover per a separate reinsurer. 
This portion is dependent on the reinsurer's rating as 
well as on Topdanmark’s own assessment of the 
reinsurer. The largest risk concentrations may occur in 
case of major catastrophe events, including storms and 
cloudbursts.
Investments
Topdanmark may suffer losses due to their 
counterparties’ inability to meet their obligations on 
bonds, loans, and other contracts including derivatives. 
The majority of Topdanmark’s interest bearing assets 
comprise of Danish mortgage bonds. 
To limit the counterparty risk of financial contracts, 
including derivative contracts, the choice of 
counterparties is restrictive, and collateral is required 
when the value of the financial contracts exceeds the 
predetermined limits. The size of the limits depends on 
the counterparty's credit rating and the terms of the 
contract.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 263

===== SIDA 264 =====

Counterparty risks at Hastings Group
Hastings is exposed to counterparty risk through 
reinsurance assets, financial assets and cash, and cash 
equivalents. A number of controls exist within the 
Hastings Group to mitigate against counterparty 
default, such as annual reviews of reinsurance panels, 
credit rating tolerances in line with a low-risk appetite, 
and a low-risk, diversified investment portfolio.
Reinsurance counterparty risk
A key component of risk mitigation is reinsurance. 
Advantage manages the tender of the reinsurance 
programme, which consists of both non-capitalised 
Excess of Loss (“XoL”) and Quota Share (“QS”) 
protection. Under the 2024 arrangements, the Motor 
exposure risk to Advantage is capped at GBP 2 million 
per loss, net of XoL reinsurance, and Household 
exposure is capped at GBP 17.5 million (approximately 
EUR 21.1 million)  per event loss. In 2024, the Advantage 
Board maintained the motor QS participation at 30 per 
cent. Advantage’s reinsurance strategy will continue to 
be reviewed in line with risk appetite.  
Reinsurance recoverables
Hastings, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
2024 2023
Rating Total, EURm % of total Total, EURm % of total
AAA —  — % —  — %
AA 1,232  65 % 1,031  63 %
A 664  35 % 608  37 %
BBB —  — % 2  0 %
Less than BBB —  — % —  — %
Unrated —  — % —  — %
Total 1,896  100 % 1,640  100 %
To mitigate the inherent counterparty and credit risk 
posed by the reinsurance programme to Advantage’s 
balance sheet, Advantage has set criteria for the 
minimum credit quality of the reinsurance 
counterparties and for concentration limits. These 
tolerances are monitored and mitigated on a continual 
basis, with line of sight to the Board quarterly, or ad-hoc 
as needed. 
To better protect itself where possible, Advantage aims 
to:
• Place with parent entities within reinsurance groups 
to mitigate counterparty risk in accepting reinsurance 
from small regional branches
• Where exposure to non-parent reinsurers is 
unavoidable, seek to put in place collateralisation of 
cut-through terms and/or parental guarantees to 
mitigate counterparty risk
• Ensure special termination clauses are in place in the 
event of rating downgrade or reorganisation of 
reinsurance groups to which Advantage is exposed
• Historically, Advantage has sought to increase the 
number of reinsurance partners on its panels to 
facilitate the growth of the product exposure and 
reinsurance capacity from the market.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 264

===== SIDA 265 =====

Capitalisation
Sampo’s core business competences are skilful pricing 
of risks inherent in business operations and high-quality 
management of arising risk-exposures, and capital 
needed to cover these risks. A balance between 
earnings, risks, and capital contributes positively to 
return on equity and to stakeholder confidence, 
facilitating the creation of shareholder value.
Sampo plc is responsible for the group’s capital 
management activities. These actions are guided by 
targets set for group-level solvency and financial 
leverage, and they include decisions on group-level 
investment exposures, business growth and 
performance targets, reinsurance strategies, capital 
distributions, and capital instrument issuances.
Group level capitalisation is managed within Sampo’s 
capital management framework, which sets targets for 
solvency and informs potential risk management 
actions.
Group-level capitalisation and the factors affecting it 
are illustrated in the graph Sampo Group’s capitalisation 
framework. 
Sampo Group’s capitalisation framework
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 265

===== SIDA 266 =====

The Group’s capital requirement is dependent mainly on 
the capital requirements of the insurance entities. The 
parent company’s contribution to the Group capital 
need is relatively small, because Sampo plc does not 
have any business activities of its own, other than the 
management of its capital structure and liquidity 
portfolio. Sampo still holds two private equity 
investments on the parent company’s balance sheet, 
also contributing to the Group’s capital requirement.
Diversification benefit exists at two levels, within the 
companies and between the companies. The former is 
included in the companies’ solvency capital requirement 
(SCR). 
Conceptually, the Group’s own funds equals the 
difference between the market value of assets and 
liabilities plus the subordinated liabilities. This difference 
has accrued during the lifetime of the Group and it 
includes the following main components: 
• accrued profits that have not been paid as dividends 
over the years
• valuation differences between IFRS and Solvency II
• issued capital and subordinated liabilities meeting 
Solvency II requirements.
At the Group level, the capital requirement and own 
funds are both exposed to foreign currency translation 
risk. The actual capital and the capital needs of If, 
Topdanmark, and Hastings are converted from their 
reporting currencies to the euro. When the reporting 
currencies of the subsidiary companies depreciate, the 
actual amount of the Group’s capital in euros decreases, 
and the capital requirements of the subsidiary 
companies will be lower in euro terms. Translation 
currency risk is monitored internally, and its effect on 
Sampo Group’s solvency on a going concern basis is 
analysed regularly. However, internally, no capital need 
is set for translation risk, because it is realised only 
when a subsidiary company is divested. 
The Group-level buffers equal, in total, to the difference 
between the amount of the Group’s own funds and the 
Group capital requirement. In addition to insurance 
entity level factors – expected profits and their volatility, 
business growth prospects, volatility of the balance 
sheet due to fluctuations in the market value of 
investments and insurance liabilities, and the ability to 
issue Solvency II compliant capital instruments – there 
are factors that are additionally relevant when 
considering the size of the Group-level buffers. The 
most material of them are correlation of Group 
companies’ profits, parent company’s capacity to 
generate liquidity, probability of business arrangements, 
and shareholders’ dividend expectations.
The role of Sampo plc
As the Group’s parent company, Sampo plc is 
responsible for the Group’s capital management 
activities. These actions are guided by targets set for 
group-level solvency and financial leverage, and they 
include decisions on group-level investment exposures, 
business growth and performance targets, reinsurance 
strategies, capital distributions, and capital instrument 
issuances. In addition, group-level risk accumulations 
and concentrations are monitored regularly, and 
managed by adjusting aggregated risks, where 
necessary. 
The parent company Sampo plc is also a source of 
liquidity within the Group. Hence, the healthy funding 
structure and the capacity to generate funds, if needed, 
are a continuous focus. Sampo plc needs liquidity to 
manage the group’s financing needs, enable dividend 
security, and to finance potential transactions. Sampo 
plc funding is mainly limited to internal dividends and 
investment returns but can be periodically 
complemented with new debt, and capital or asset 
sales. Hence, the parent company liquidity needs to be 
managed holistically, together with the dividend policy, 
strategic ambitions, and balance sheet targets.
As at 31 December 2024, Sampo plc had long-term 
strategic holdings of EUR 7,431 million in the subsidiary 
companies, and they were funded mainly by capital of 
EUR 7,989 million. Sampo plc had outstanding senior 
debt of EUR 954 million and subordinated debt of EUR 
1,491 million. Average remaining maturity of senior debt 
was 3.8 years and EUR 395 million of it had a maturity 
longer than five years. Funding structure of strategic 
holdings and other holdings can be considered strong.
The capacity to generate funds is dependent on 
leverage and liquidity buffers, which can be inferred 
from the table Balance sheet structure, Sampo plc, 31 
December 2024 and 31 December 2023. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 266

===== SIDA 267 =====

Balance sheet structure
Sampo plc, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 
2023
EURm 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023
Assets total  10,508  7,970 
Liquidity  626  1,352 
Investment assets  2,408  980 
Other investments  3  3 
Fixed income  1,826  101 
Equity & private equity  580  876 
Equity holdings  7,431  5,618 
Subsidiaries  7,431  5,618 
Other assets  44  20 
EURm 31 Dec 2024 31 Dec 2023
Liabilities total  10,508  7,970 
Long-term senior debt  954  959 
Bonds issued  954  959 
Subordinated debt  1,491  1,490 
Capital  7,989  5,445 
Undistributable capital  98  98 
Distributable capital  7,891  5,347 
Other liabilities  75  76 
The amounts in the table are IFRS numbers, including the 
internal loan with If.
Regarding liquidity, Sampo plc held EUR 626 million 
(1,352) in bank account balances and short-term money 
market investments. Liquidity is mainly affected by 
received and paid dividends, as well as changes in 
issued debt instruments and changes in investments. 
Sampo’s dividend payment takes place in May and it will 
significantly lower the liquidity position of the holding 
company. A part of the investment assets can be sold in 
case liquidity is needed. Short-term liquidity can be 
considered adequate.
All in all, Sampo plc is in a good position to refinance its 
current debt and even issue more debt. This capacity, 
together with the tradable financial assets, means that 
Sampo plc can generate liquid funds.
Sampo plc is able to balance risks within Sampo Group. 
When Sampo plc is managing its funding, capital 
structure, and liquidity, it takes into account that most 
insurance entities in the Group have other base 
currencies than the euro (the Swedish krona, the Danish 
krone, pound sterling), and the Group is exposed to 
lower interest rates. These risks may affect Sampo’s 
decisions on the issuance of debt instruments and the 
composition of the liquidity portfolio.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 267

===== SIDA 268 =====

The maturities of financial assets and liabilities, and 
lease liabilities are presented in the table Cash flows, 
according to contractual maturity, Sampo plc, 31 
December 2024 and 31 December 2023.
Cash flows according to contractual maturity
Sampo plc, 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023
31 Dec 2024 Carrying amount total Cash flows
EURm
Carrying amount 
total
Carrying amount 
without contractual 
maturity
Carrying amount 
with contractual 
maturity 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029
2030-
2039 2040-
Financial assets  1,307  828  479  395  2  2  30  36  29  — 
Financial assets (non-derivatives)  1,307  828  479  395  2  2  30  36  29  — 
Financial liabilities  -2,520  —  -2,520  -232  -58  -59  -475  -551  -1,481  — 
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives)  -2,495  —  -2,495  -229  -59  -59  -456  -551  -1,481  — 
Interest rate swaps  -25  —  -25  -2  1  —  -19  —  —  — 
Lease liabilities  -1  —  -1  -1  —  —  —  —  —  — 
Intra-group cashflows are eliminated.
31 Dec 2023 Carrying amount total Cash flows
EURm
Carrying amount 
total
Carrying amount 
without contractual 
maturity
Carrying amount 
with contractual 
maturity 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
2029-
2038 2039-
Financial assets  2,325  1,623  702  617  14  2  2  30  65  0 
Financial assets (non-derivatives)   2,325  1,623  702  617  14  2  2  30  65  0 
Financial liabilities  -2,527  —  -2,527  -72  -223  -59  -59  -475  -2,032  — 
Financial liabilities (non-derivatives)  -2,507  —  -2,507  -70  -223  -59  -59  -461  -2,032  — 
Interest rate swaps  -20  —  -20  -2  0  0  0  -14  0  — 
Lease liabilities  -2  —  -2  -1  1  —  —  —  —  — 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 268

===== SIDA 269 =====

Sampo plc’s Financial Statements
Sampo plc’s income statement    ........................... 270
Sampo plc’s balance sheet     ................................... 271
Sampo plc’s statement of cash flows  ............... 272
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023 269

===== SIDA 270 =====

Sampo plc’s income statement
EURm Note 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Sales  2  1 
Staff expenses
Salaries and remunerations  -17  -14 
Social security costs
Pension costs  -2  -2 
Other  -3  -3 
Other operating expenses 1  -21  -39 
Operating profit  -42  -57 
Financial income and expense 3
Income from shares in Group companies  768  1,039 
Income from other shares  —  23 
Other interest and financial income
Group companies  12  — 
Other  26  23 
Other investment income and expense  1,130  -9 
Other interest income  30  37 
Interest and other financial expense  -74  -95 
Exchange result  14  3 
Profit before appropriations and taxes  1,863  963 
Income taxes  0  0 
Profit for the financial year  1,862  963 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023 270

===== SIDA 271 =====

Sampo plc’s balance sheet
EURm Note 2024 2023
Assets
Intangible assets  1  1 
Tangible assets  3  3 
Investments
Shares in Group company 20  7,448  5,635 
Receivables from Group companies 4  1,725  — 
Other shares and participations 5  524  876 
Other investments 6  479  706 
Short-term receivables
Other receivables 7  25  20 
Prepayments and accrued income 8  18  2 
Cash and cash equivalents  248  747 
Total assets  10,469  7,990 
EURm Note 2024 2023
Liabilities
Equity 9,10
Share capital  98  98 
Invested unrestricted equity  3,527  1,527 
Other reserves  273  273 
Retained earnings  2,189  2,604 
Profit for the financial year  1,862  963 
Liabilities
Long-term liabilities 12
Bonds  792  959 
Subordinated debt securities  1,491  1,490 
Short-term liabilities
Bonds  162  — 
Other liabilities  2  5 
Accruals and deferred income 11  72  71 
Total liabilities  10,469  7,990 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023 271

===== SIDA 272 =====

Sampo plc’s statement of cash flows
EURm 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Operating activities
Profit before tax  1,863  963 
Adjustments
Realised gains and losses on investments  -18  9 
Other adjustments1  -1,118  -14 
Adjustments total  -1,136  -5 
Change (+/-) in assets of operating activities
Investments  529  341 
Other assets  47  11 
Total  576  351 
Change (+/-) in liabilities of operating activities
Financial liabilities  -2  -2 
Other liabilities  4  1 
Paid interests  -66  -72 
Paid taxes  0  0 
Total  -65  -73 
Net cash from operating activities  1,238  1,237 
Investing activities
Investments in subsidiaries  -356  -108 
Net cash used in investing activities  -356  -108 
EURm 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Financing activities
Dividends paid  -903  -1,321 
Purchase of own shares  -475  -555 
Repayments of debt securities in issue  -2  -334 
Received group contribution  —  29 
Net cash used in financing activities  -1,380  -2,180 
Total cash flows  -499  -1,051 
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January  747  1,798 
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December  248  747 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents  -499  -1,051 
Additional information to the statement of cash flows
EURm 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Interest income received  54  63 
Interest expense paid  -66  -72 
Dividend income received  768  1,062 
1Other adjustments include items related to the acquisition of Topdanmark A/S minority shares and 
the sale of the Topdanmark A/S shares to If P&C Insurance Holding Ltd.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023 272

===== SIDA 273 =====

Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
Summary of significant accounting policies  .. 274
Notes    ............................................................................. 276
1 Other operating expenses   ................................... 276
2 Auditors' fees   .......................................................... 276
3 Financial income and expense   .......................... 276
4 Receivables from Group companies  ............... 276
5 Other shares and participations      ....................... 276
6 Other investments  ................................................. 277
7 Other receivables ................................................... 277
8 Prepayments and accrued income   .................. 277
9 Movements in the parent 
company's equity ...................................................... 278
10 Share capital      .......................................................... 279
11 Accruals and deferred income    ......................... 279
12 Long-term liabilities    ............................................. 279
13 Deferred tax assets and liabilities  ................... 279
14 Pension liabilities   .................................................. 279
15 Rental commitments    ........................................... 279
16 Other liabilities and commitments     ................. 279
17 Number of personnel  .......................................... 279
18 Salaries and remuneration of the Board 
and the Group CEO  .................................................. 280
19 Pension contributions to the CEO, deputy 
CEO and the members of the Board     .................. 280
20 Shares held   ........................................................... 281
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2023 273

===== SIDA 274 =====

Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statement
Summary of significant 
accounting policies
Sampo plc (business ID 0142213-3) is Sampo Group’s 
parent company and a Finnish public company listed in 
Helsinki Nasdaq. Sampo has a dual listing in Nasdaq 
Stockholm and in Nasdaq Copenhagen. It is domiciled in 
Helsinki, and the headquarters are at Fabianinkatu 27, 
00100 Helsinki, Finland. 
The presentation of Sampo plc’s financial statements 
have been prepared in accordance with the Finnish 
Accounting Act and Ordinance, and in compliance with  
other regulations on the preparation of financial 
statements. 
The acquisition of Topdanmark A/S minority 
shares and related sale of shares to If P&C 
Insurance Holding
On 17 June 2024, Sampo announced that Sampo and 
Topdanmark had entered into a combination 
agreement, based on which Sampo made a public 
exchange offer to acquire all of the outstanding shares 
in Topdanmark not already owned by Sampo. The 
transaction was completed by the compulsory 
acquisition of the remaining Topdanmark minority 
shares on 25 October 2024. For more detailed 
description of the acquisition, please see Sampo Group 
financial statements’ note 28. 
In the public offer, minority shareholders were issued, as 
a compensation, new Sampo A shares. The share issue 
amounting to EUR 2,000 million was recognised in the 
invested unrestricted equity.  
In the compulsory acquisition, the total acquisition cost 
of the remaining minority shares amounted to EUR 325 
million. Compensation was paid in cash. 
The measurement of the acquired Topdanmark A/S 
shares was based on the compensation given as an 
exchange of those shares. The acquisition costs directly 
related  to the acquisition were activated to the balance 
sheet value of the acquired shares. 
After the completion of the acquisition of minority 
shares, Sampo plc sold all the issued shares in 
Topdanmark A/S to If P&C Insurance Holding Ltd. The 
transaction was completed at an arm’s length basis.
The sale price was based on the recent market value 
and amounted to EUR 4,659 million. The sale price was 
paid in full by way of a loan agreement and a 
shareholder’s contribution between Sampo plc and If 
P&C Insurance Holding Ltd. The shareholder’s 
contribution was recognised as an increase in the 
carrying amount of If Holding’s shares in Sampo plc’s 
balance sheet. 
Partial demerger 2023 
The Annual General Meeting of Sampo Group approved 
the partial demerger on 17 May 2023.  The partial 
demerger was completed as planned on 1 October 
2023. In the demerger, all shares in Mandatum Holding 
Ltd, amounting to EUR 538 million, were transferred 
without a liquidation procedure to Mandatum plc, a 
company incorporated in the demerger on the effective 
date. 
In addition, a part of Sampo's general liabilities, not 
allocated to any specific business operations, were 
allocated to Mandatum plc. The recognition of a loan 
receivable had an impact on the parent company’s 
equity amounting to EUR 102 million during the 
comparative period. 
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency transactions are translated using the 
prevailing exchange rate at the date of transactions or 
the average rate for the month. The Balance sheet items 
denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the 
prevailing rate at the balance sheet date. The exchange 
differences are recognised in the income statement.
Non-current assets
Intangible and tangible assets
Intangible and tangible assets are stated at acquisition 
cost less depreciation or amortisation. 
Investments
In Sampo plc financial instruments are measured in 
accordance with Chapter 5 section 2 § of the Finnish 
Accounting Act and are part of non-current assets. 
Investments are measured at acquisition cost and, in 
case there is objective evidence of an impairment, and 
the fair value is expected to be permanently lower than 
the book value, the impairment is recognised through 
profit or loss. Impairment recognition cannot be not 
reversed.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 274

===== SIDA 275 =====

Derivatives
Financial derivatives held for trading are initially 
recognised at fair value. If the difference between the 
acquisition value and the fair value at reporting date is 
negative, the difference is recognized as a loss for the 
period in the income statement and as a liability in the 
balance sheet. Positive difference is not recognized.
In addition, interest income and expense as well as 
income and expense related to the closing or expiry of a 
contract is recognised in the financial income and 
expense.
If an interest rate swap or a cross currency interest rate 
swap is used to hedge a separate loan or a similar 
balance sheet item, and the floating rate cash flows net 
each other, the net interest expense of the transaction is 
recognised in the income statement, amounting to the 
fixed interest rate amount. Also, any potential exchange 
rate differences are netted. Financial derivatives are 
used only for operational hedging, hedge accounting is 
not applied.
Revenue recognition
Revenue is recognised when it occurs.
Financial income and expense
Financial income and expense includes income from 
shares in the Group companies, interest income and 
expense on investments, and financial derivatives 
allocated for the reporting period, sale profits and 
losses on investments, income and expense related to 
the closing or expiry of derivative contracts, as well as 
impairment losses recognized on investments.
Leases
Lease payments are treated as rentals.
Income taxes
The income statement includes the company's income 
taxes based on taxable profit for the period. Income tax 
includes tax expense based on taxable profit for the 
period as well as deferred tax. Tax expense is 
recognised in profit or loss except for the items 
recognised directly in equity, in which case tax is 
recognised accordingly. Tax is adjusted for possible 
items related to previous reporting periods.
Risk management
The risk management note 34 includes detailed 
information on the risk management.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 275

===== SIDA 276 =====

1 Other operating expenses
EURm 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Rental expenses  -1  -1 
IT expenses  -3  -1 
External services  -10  -28 
Other staff costs  -1  -1 
Other  -5  -7 
Total  -21  -39 
Item Other includes e.g. administration fees.
2 Auditors' fees
EUR thousand 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Auditing fees  -450  -1,166 
CSRD assurance  -137  — 
Other fees  -204  -53 
Total  -791  -1,219 
Auditing fees in 2023 include also fees related to IFRS 17 transition.
3 Financial income and expense
EURm 1–12/2024 1–12/2023
Dividend income  768  1,062 
Interest income  67  60 
Interest expense  -68  -72 
Gains on disposal  1,199  — 
Exchange result  14  3 
Other  -74  -32 
Total  1,905  1,020 
The gains on disposal consist of the sale gain of the Topdanmark A/S shares to If P&C 
Insurance Holding Ltd, amounting to EUR 1 180 million, and the sale gain from the 
shares of Saxo Bank AS, amounting to EUR 18 million. 
4 Receivables from Group companies
EURm 2024 2023
Carrying amount at the beginning of the year  —  100 
Additions  1,725  — 
Disposals  —  -100 
Carrying amount at the end of the year  1,725  — 
As part of the sale of shares in Topdanmark A/S, Sampo granted a loan of EUR 1,724 
million to If Holding, which consisted of EUR nominated facility of EUR 862 million and 
DKK nominated facility of DKK 6,432 million (approx. EUR 862 million)
During the comparative period 2023, in connection with the partial demerger, 
Mandatum redeemed issued Capital Notes with the nominal value of EUR 100 million.     
5 Other shares and participations
EURm 2024 2023
Acquisition cost 1 January  876  961 
Increase  —  7 
Decrease  -352  -92 
Acquisition cost 31 December  524  876 
Decrease in Other shares include the sale of Saxo Bank AS shares of EUR 284 million. 
In addition, a permanent impairment of EUR 68 million was recorded into H&F 
Evergood partners SA private equity fund. 
During the comparative period 2023, in connection with the demerger, Sampo sold 
certain financial assets to Mandatum. These assets included holdings in Enento Group, 
guarantee shares of Kaleva Mutual Insurance Company and other smaller equity, debt, 
and alternative investments. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 276

===== SIDA 277 =====

6 Other investments
EURm 2024 2023
Acquisition cost 1 January  706  696 
Increase  1,659  2,325 
Decrease  -1,886  -2,315 
Acquisition cost 31 December  479  706 
EURm 2024 2023
Bonds  75    15   
Money market  303    590   
Loan receivable  101    101   
Total  479    706   
Loan receivable consists of a loan from Mandatum plc in order to allocate general 
liabilities due to the demerger in 2023. 
7 Other receivables
EURm 2024 2023
Other  25    20   
Total  25    20   
Item Other includes derivative guarantees EUR 25 (20) million.
8 Prepayments and accrued income
EURm 2024 2023
Accrued interest  15  2 
Other  3  0 
Total  18  2 
EURm 2024 Fair value 2023 Fair value
Derivatives
Contract
/notional 
value Assets Liabilities
Contract
/notional 
value Assets Liabilities
Derivatives held for 
trading
Interest rate 
derivatives  85  —  25  89  —  20 
Total  85  —  25  89  —  20 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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9 Movements in the parent company's equity
Restricted equity Unrestricted equity
EURm Share capital
Invested 
unrestricted capital Other reserves Retained earnings Total
Carrying amount at 1 January 2023  98  1,527  273  4,916  6,814 
Dividends  —  —  —  -1,321  -1,321 
Acquisition of own shares  —  —  —  -555  -555 
Partial demerger  —  —  —  -539  -539 
Loan receivable due to partial demerger  —  —  —  102  102 
Profit for the year  —  —  —  963  963 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2023  98  1,527  273  3,567  5,465 
Restricted equity Unrestricted equity
EURm Share capital
Invested 
unrestricted capital Other reserves Retained earnings Total
Carrying amount at 1 January 2024  98  1,527  273  3,567  5,465 
Dividends  —  —  —  -903  -903 
Acquisition of own shares  —  —  —  -475  -475 
Directed share issue  —  2,000  —  —  2,000 
Profit for the year  —  —  —  1,862  1,862 
Carrying amount at 31 December 2024  98  3,527  273  4,051  7,949 
As part of the public exchange offer, the owners of Topdanmark’s minority shares were given Sampo A shares in return. The share issue of EUR 2,000 million was recognised in the 
invested unrestricted equity fund.
Distributable funds
EURm 2024 2023
Parent company
Profit for the year  1,862  963 
Retained earnings  2,189  2,604 
Invested unrestricted capital  3,527  1,527 
Other reserves  273  273 
Total  7,851  5,367 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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10 Share capital
Information on share capital is disclosed in Sampo Group’s note 25 in the consolidated 
financial statements.
11 Accruals and deferred income
EURm 2024 2023
Deferred interest  28  29 
Derivatives  25  20 
Other  19  23 
Total  72  71 
Additional information on derivatives is included in the note 8. 
12 Long-term liabilities
EURm 2024 2023
Bonds  792  959 
Subordinated debt securities  1,491  1,490 
Total  2,283  2,449 
More information can be found in Sampo Group’s consolidated note 22 Financial 
liabilities.
13 Deferred tax assets and liabilities
The parent company did not have any deferred tax liability or asset in the balance 
sheet at the end of 2024 or 2023. 
14 Pension liabilities
The basic and supplementary pension insurance of Sampo plc’s staff is handled 
through insurance policies in pension insurance companies in Finland and Sweden.
15 Rental commitments
EURm 2024 2023
Not more than one year  1  1 
Over one year but not more than ten years  15  1 
Total  16  2 
During the reporting period 2024, Sampo plc has signed a ten-year rental agreement 
for new office premises commencing in June 2025.  
16 Other liabilities and commitments
Sampo plc has granted a credit facility to Hastings Group Holdings Ltd of GBP 75 
million, which will terminate in October 2026. The credit facility was undrawn at the 
end of the reporting period. More information is in Sampo Group’s note 22 Financial 
liabilities.  
The fund commitments given amounted to EUR 7 (7) million.
17 Number of personnel
2024 
Average during 
the year
2023 
Average during 
the year
Full-time personnel 61 54
Part-time personnel — 1
Temporary personnel 4 —
Total 65 55
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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===== SIDA 280 =====

18 Salaries and remuneration of the Board 
and the Group CEO
EUR thousand 2024 2023
Group CEO Torbjörn Magnusson 4,257 3,139
Members of the Board of Directors
Antti Mäkinen 235 228
Christian Clausen 104 101
Fiona Clutterbuck — 107
Georg Ehrnrooth 104 107
Jannica Fagerholm 164 159
Johanna Lamminen — 45
Steve Langan 111 107
Risto Murto 104 101
Markus Rauramo 111 101
Annica Withchard 111 107
Astrid Stange 111 —
In accordance with the decision of the Annual General Meeting in 2024, the company 
has compensated the transfer tax related to the acquisition of the company shares, in 
total EUR 6,482.75 (EUR 1.758,66 pertaining to the Chairman and EUR 4.724,09 to the 
other members of the Board).
19 Pension contributions to the CEO, deputy 
CEO and the members of the Board
EUR thousand
Supplementary 
pension costs
Statutory 
pension costs Total
Pension contributions paid during the 
year
President/CEO1  905  615  1,520 
Former Chairmen of the Board
Kalevi Keinänen2  74  —  74 
Former Presidents/CEO:s
Harri Hollmen3  186  —  186 
Total  1,165  615  1,780 
1 The Group CEO is entitled to a supplementary defined contribution pension in accordance with 
the present pension contract.
2 Group pension agreement with a retirement age of 60 years and pension benefit of 66 per cent of 
the pensionable TyEL-salary (TyEL: Employees’s Pension Act). The payment for 2024 is based on a 
TyEL index adjustment.
3 Group pension agreement with a retirement age of 60 years and a pension benefit of 60 per cent 
of the pensionable TyEL-salary. The payment for 2024 is based on a TyEL index adjustment.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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20 Shares held  
2024 2023
Company name
Percentage 
of share 
capital held
Carrying 
amount 
EURm
Percentage 
of share 
capital held
Carrying 
amount 
EURm
Group undertakings
P&C insurance
If P&C Insurance Holding Ltd, 
Stockholm, Sweden 100.00 4,820 100.00 1,886
P&C insurance
Topdanmark A/S, Copenhagen, 
Denmark — — 48.92 1,122
P&C insurance
Hastings Group (Consolidated) Plc, 
London, United Kingdom 100.00 2,627 100.00 2,627
Sampo Plc has a branch located in Sweden.
During the financial year, Sampo plc sold the shares of Topdanmark A/S to If P&C 
Insurance Holding Ltd. For a more detailed description of the acquisition, please see 
Sampo Group financial statements’ note 28. 
As part of the sale of Topdanmark A/S shares, Sampo plc granted If P&C Insurance 
Holding Ltd a shareholder’s contribution amounting to EUR 2 934 million. If Holding 
used the shareholder’s contribution to set off a part of the sale price of the 
Topdanmark shares. The shareholder’s contribution was recognised as an increase in 
the carrying amount of If Holding’s shares in Sampo plc’s balance sheet. 
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Approval of the Board of Directors’ Report, the Sustainability 
Statement and the Financial Statements
The Financial Statements prepared in accordance with the applicable accounting regulations provide a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position, and profit or loss 
of both the company and the entities included in its consolidated financial statements. 
The Board of Directors’ Report includes a description of a true and fair view of the development and results of the business activities of both the company and the entities included 
in its consolidated financial statements, as well as a description of the most significant risks and uncertainties and other aspects concerning the company. 
The Sustainability Statement included in the Board of Directors’ Report has been prepared in accordance with the sustainability reporting standards referred to in Chapter 7 of the 
Accounting Act and Article 8 of the Taxonomy Regulation. 
                                                                                                                                     Helsinki, 12 March 2025
                                                                Sampo plc
                                                                Board of Directors
Christian Clausen Georg Ehrnrooth Jannica Fagerholm
Steve Langan Risto Murto Markus Rauramo 
Astrid Stange Annica Witschard
Antti Mäkinen
Chairman
Torbjörn Magnusson
Group CEO
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Auditor’s note
An auditor's report on the audit performed has been issued today.
Helsinki, 13 March 2025
Deloitte Oy
Audit firm 
Jukka Vattulainen
APA
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Auditor’s Report (Translation of the Finnish Original)
To the Annual General Meeting of Sampo plc
Report on the Audit of 
the Financial Statements
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Sampo plc 
(business identity code 0142213-3) for the year ended 
31 December, 2024. The financial statements comprise 
the consolidated balance sheet, income statement, 
statement of comprehensive income, statement of 
changes in equity, statement of cash flows and notes, 
including material accounting policy information, as well 
as the parent company’s balance sheet, income 
statement, statement of cash flows and notes.
In our opinion
• the consolidated financial statements give a true and 
fair view of the group’s financial position, financial 
performance and cash flows in accordance with IFRS 
Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU
• the financial statements give a true and fair view of 
the parent company’s financial performance and 
financial position in accordance with the laws and 
regulations governing the preparation of financial 
statements in Finland and comply with statutory 
requirements.
Our opinion is consistent with the additional report 
submitted to the Audit Committee.
Basis for Opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with good 
auditing practice in Finland. Our responsibilities under 
good auditing practice are further described in the 
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the Audit of the Financial 
Statements section of our report.
We are independent of the parent company and of the 
group companies in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are applicable in Finland and are 
relevant to our audit, and we have fulfilled our other 
ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements.
In our best knowledge and understanding, the non-
audit services that we have provided to the parent 
company and group companies are in compliance with 
laws and regulations applicable in Finland regarding 
these services, and we have not provided any 
prohibited non-audit services referred to in Article 5(1) 
of regulation (EU) 537/2014. The non-audit services that 
we have provided have been disclosed in note 6 to the 
consolidated financial statements and in note 2 to the 
parent company notes.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion.
Key Audit Matters 
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our 
professional judgment, were of most significance in our 
audit of the financial statements of the current period. 
These matters were addressed in the context of our 
audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in 
forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a 
separate opinion on these matters.
We have also addressed the risk of management 
override of internal controls. This includes consideration 
of whether there was evidence of management bias 
that represented a risk of material misstatement due to 
fraud.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Valuation of insurance contract liabilities 
We refer to Summary of Material Accounting policies in the financial statements as well 
as notes 18 and 19. 
As at 31.12.2024 Sampo Group has insurance contract liabilities totalling EUR 12,286 
million (2023: EUR 11,716 million), consisting primarily of property and casualty (P&C) 
insurance contract liabilities. The measurement of insurance liabilities consists of the 
liability for remaining coverage (LRC) and the liability for incurred claims (LIC) including 
both reported but not settled claims as well as incurred but not reported claims (IBNR). 
The result of management's assessments regarding the calculation of the liability for 
incurred claims depends on inputs, the choice of actuarial methods and the precision of 
management judgment in determining actuarial assumptions. Key assumptions with the 
greatest impact on the carrying amount include inflation, discount rates as well as 
estimated future payments for claims.
Valuation of insurance contract liabilities requires significant management judgment and 
accounting assumptions about uncertain future events, which may materially affect the 
carrying amount, and thus this is a key audit matter.
We have assessed the measurement of the provisions for insurance contracts as 
calculated by Management. Our audit procedures included testing of the key controls 
relating to valuation of insurance liabilities and key assumptions.
We have involved Deloitte´s actuarial experts together with IFRS 17 subject matter 
experts in our audit procedures and evaluated methods and models used by the 
management. We have compared the information used in the calculations with the 
historical data and we have analysed the developments in risk, interest and cost trends. 
We have evaluated management’s significant estimations and judgments and performed 
independent calculations based on actuarial methods for a substantial part of the 
insurance contract liabilities.
We have evaluated and examined a selection of general IT controls linked to relevant 
systems and applications assessed as critical to the data that forms the basis for the 
calculation of the liability for incurred claims. On a sample basis we have examined input 
data used in the calculations of the liability for incurred claims.
We have assessed the disclosures of the insurance contract liabilities in the financial 
statements.
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Valuation of financial assets 
We refer to Summary of Material Accounting policies in the financial statements as well 
as notes 12-14. 
The Group's investments amount to EUR 16,090 million (2023: EUR 15,757 million). 
Financial assets represent a significant part of the group's balance sheet. 
Major part of the Group's financial assets are measured at fair value. At level 1, the 
valuation of the financial asset is based on the quoted price in an active market. Level 2 
valuation also uses other verifiable prices as inputs, either directly or derived from them, 
using valuation techniques. At level 3, valuation is based on non-observable market data.
Audit focus areas relate to valuations on level 2 and 3 in line with IFRS in which the 
valuation techniques include inputs which are not directly observable from the markets. 
The use of different valuation techniques and assumptions may result in different 
estimates of fair value and hence this is a key audit matter.
Our audit procedures have included the evaluation of the internal controls, 
appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting 
estimates made by management.
We have evaluated the appropriateness of the valuation models and accounting policies 
used by the company to assess whether the fair value measurement is in accordance 
with generally accepted standards and industry practices. We have requested external 
confirmations to verify the existence of the investment.
Together with our valuation specialists, we have assessed the assumptions used by 
management in the valuation calculation. We have utilized Deloitte´s valuation analytics 
and performed the recalculation of fair values based on the information available on the 
market.
For financial assets that are valued on the basis of non-market information, we have also 
evaluated the practices and assumptions used by management in determining fair 
values.
We have assessed the disclosures of the investments in the financial statements.
Key Audit Matter How our audit addressed the Key Audit Matter
There are no significant risks of material misstatement referred to in EU regulation No 537/2014, point (c) of Article 10(2) relating to the parent company’s financial statements.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Responsibilities of the Board of 
Directors and the Group CEO for 
the Financial Statements
The Board of Directors and the Group CEO are 
responsible for the preparation of consolidated financial 
statements that give a true and fair view in accordance 
with IFRS Accounting Standards as adopted by the EU, 
and of financial statements that give a true and fair view 
in accordance with the laws and regulations governing 
the preparation of financial statements in Finland and 
comply with statutory requirements. The Board of 
Directors and the Group CEO are also responsible for 
such internal control as they determine is necessary to 
enable the preparation of financial statements that are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error. 
In preparing the financial statements, the Board of 
Directors and the Group CEO are responsible for 
assessing the parent company’s and the group’s ability 
to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as 
applicable, matters relating to going concern and using 
the going concern basis of accounting. The financial 
statements are prepared using the going concern basis 
of accounting unless there is an intention to liquidate 
the parent company or the group or cease operations, 
or there is no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor’s Responsibilities for the 
Audit of Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance 
about whether the financial statements as a whole are 
free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud 
or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes 
our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of 
assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit 
conducted in accordance with good auditing practice 
will always detect a material misstatement when it 
exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to 
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the 
basis of the financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with good auditing 
practice, we exercise professional judgment and 
maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. 
We also: 
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement 
of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or 
error, design and perform audit procedures 
responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence 
that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis 
for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material 
misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for 
one resulting from error, as fraud may involve 
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, 
misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant 
to the audit in order to design audit procedures that 
are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the 
purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness 
of the parent company’s or the group’s internal 
control.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies 
used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates 
and related disclosures made by management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of the Board of 
Directors’ and the Group CEO’s use of the going 
concern basis of accounting and based on the audit 
evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty 
exists related to events or conditions that may cast 
significant doubt on the parent company’s or the 
group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we 
conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are 
required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to 
the related disclosures in the financial statements or, 
if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our 
opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit 
evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s 
report. However, future events or conditions may 
cause the parent company or the group to cease to 
continue as a going concern. 
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and 
content of the financial statements, including the 
disclosures, and whether the financial statements 
represent the underlying transactions and events so 
that the financial statements give a true and fair view.
• Plan and perform the group audit to obtain sufficient 
appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial 
information of the entities or business units within the 
group as a basis for forming an opinion on the group 
financial statements. We are responsible for the 
direction, supervision and review of the audit work 
performed for purposes of the group audit. We 
remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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We communicate with those charged with governance 
regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and 
timing of the audit and significant audit findings, 
including any significant deficiencies in internal control 
that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a 
statement that we have complied with relevant ethical 
requirements regarding independence, and 
communicate with them all relationships and other 
matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our 
independence, and where applicable, related 
safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged 
with governance, we determine those matters that were 
of most significance in the audit of the financial 
statements of the current period and are therefore the 
key audit matters. We describe these matters in our 
auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes 
public disclosure about the matter or when, in 
extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a 
matter should not be communicated in our report 
because the adverse consequences of doing so would 
reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest 
benefits of such communication.
Other Reporting 
Requirements 
Information on our audit 
engagement
We were first appointed as auditors by the Annual 
General Meeting on 19 May, 2021, and our appointment 
represents a total period of uninterrupted engagement 
of 4 years.
Other information
The Board of Directors and the Group CEO are 
responsible for the other information. The other 
information comprises the report of the Board of 
Directors.
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover 
the other information.
In connection with our audit of the financial statements, 
our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing so, consider whether the other information is 
materially inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our knowledge obtained in the audit, or otherwise 
appears to be materially misstated. Our responsibility 
also includes considering whether the report of the 
Board of Directors has been prepared in compliance 
with the applicable provisions, excluding the 
sustainability report information on which there are 
provisions in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and in 
the sustainability reporting standards.
In our opinion, the information in the report of the 
Board of Directors is consistent with the information in 
the financial statements and the report of the Board of 
Directors has been prepared in compliance with the 
applicable provisions. Our opinion does not cover the 
sustainability report information on which there are 
provisions in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and in 
the sustainability reporting standards.
If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude 
that there is a material misstatement of the report of 
the Board of Directors, we are required to report that 
fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.
Other opinions
We support that the financial statements should be 
adopted. The proposal by the Board of Directors 
regarding the use of the profit shown in the balance 
sheet is in compliance with the Limited Liability 
Companies Act. We support that the Members of the 
Board of Directors of the parent company and the 
Group CEO should be discharged from liability for the 
financial period audited by us.
Helsinki, 13 March 2025
Deloitte Oy
Audit Firm
Jukka Vattulainen
Authorised Public Accountant (KHT)
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Assurance report on the Sustainability Statement 
(Translation of the Finnish Original)
To the Annual General Meeting of Sampo plc
We have performed a limited assurance engagement on 
the group sustainability report (“Sustainability 
Statement”) of Sampo plc (0142213-3) that is referred 
to in Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act and that is 
included in the report of the Board of Directors for the 
financial year 1.1.–31.12.2024.
Opinion
Based on the procedures we have performed and the 
evidence we have obtained, nothing has come to our 
attention that causes us to believe that the 
Sustainability Statement does not comply, in all material 
respects, with
• the requirements laid down in Chapter 7 of the 
Accounting Act and the sustainability reporting 
standards (ESRS);
• the requirements laid down in Article 8 of the 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of 
a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and 
amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088 (EU 
Taxonomy).
Point 1 above also contains the process in which Sampo 
plc has identified the information for reporting in 
accordance with the sustainability reporting standards 
(double materiality assessment) and the tagging of 
information as referred to in Chapter 7, Section 22 of 
the Accounting Act.
Our opinion does not cover the tagging of the 
Sustainability Statement with digital XBRL sustainability 
tags in accordance with Chapter 7, Section 22, 
Subsection 1(2), of the Accounting Act, because 
sustainability reporting companies have not had the 
possibility to comply with that provision in the absence 
of the ESEF regulation or other European Union 
legislation.
Basis for Opinion
We performed the assurance of the Sustainability 
Statement as a limited assurance engagement in 
compliance with good assurance practice in Finland and 
with the International Standard on Assurance 
Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised) Assurance 
Engagements Other than Audits or Reviews of 
Historical Financial Information.
Our responsibilities under this standard are further 
described in the Responsibilities of the Authorised 
Group Sustainability Auditor section of our report.
We believe that the evidence we have obtained is 
sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our 
opinion.
Other Matter
We draw attention to the fact that the group 
sustainability report (“Sustainability Statement”) of 
Sampo plc that is referred to in Chapter 7 of the 
Accounting Act has been prepared and assurance has 
been provided for it for the first time for the financial 
year 1.1.–31.12.2024.
Our opinion does not cover the comparative 
information that has been presented in the 
Sustainability Statement. Our opinion is not modified in 
respect of this matter.
Authorised group sustainability 
auditor's Independence and 
Quality Management 
We are independent of the parent company and of the 
Group companies in accordance with the ethical 
requirements that are applicable in Finland and are 
relevant to our engagement, and we have fulfilled our 
other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these 
requirements.
The authorised group sustainability auditor applies 
International Standard on Quality Management ISQM 1, 
which requires the authorised sustainability audit firm to 
design, implement and operate a system of quality 
management including policies or procedures regarding 
compliance with ethical requirements, professional 
standards and applicable legal and regulatory 
requirements.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
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Responsibilities of the Board of 
Directors and the Managing 
Director
The Board of Directors and the Managing Director of 
Sampo plc are responsible for:
• the Sustainability Statement and for its preparation 
and presentation in accordance with the provisions of 
Chapter 7 of the Accounting Act, including the 
process that has been defined in the sustainability 
reporting standards and in which the information for 
reporting in accordance with the sustainability 
reporting standards has been identified as well as the 
tagging of information as referred to in Chapter 7, 
Section 22 of the Accounting Act and
• the compliance of the Sustainability Statement with 
the requirements laid down in Article 8 of the 
Regulation (EU) 2020/852 of the European 
Parliament and of the Council on the establishment of 
a framework to facilitate sustainable investment, and 
amending Regulation (EU) 2019/2088;
• such internal control as the Board of Directors and 
the Managing Director determine is necessary to 
enable the preparation of a Sustainability Statement 
that is free from material misstatement, whether due 
to fraud or error.
Inherent Limitations in the 
Preparation of a Sustainability 
Statement
In preparing the sustainability report, the company is 
required to conduct a materiality assessment to identify 
relevant matters to be reported. This process involves 
significant management judgement and choices. Due to 
the nature and characteristics of sustainability 
reporting, this type of information involves estimates 
and assumptions, as well as measurement and 
evaluation uncertainties.
In reporting forward-looking information, management 
is required to prepare the forward-looking information 
on the basis of disclosed assumptions about events that 
may occur in the future and possible future actions by 
the Group. The actual outcome is likely to be different 
since anticipated events frequently do not occur as 
expected.
Responsibilities of the Authorised 
Group Sustainability Auditor
Our responsibility is to perform an assurance 
engagement to obtain limited assurance about whether 
the Sustainability Statement is free from material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to 
issue a limited assurance report that includes our 
opinion. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and 
are considered material if, individually or in the 
aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to 
influence the decisions of users taken on the basis of 
the Sustainability Statement.
Compliance with the International Standard on 
Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000 (Revised) 
requires that we exercise professional judgment and 
maintain professional scepticism throughout the 
engagement. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement 
of the Sustainability Statement, whether due to fraud 
or error, and obtain an understanding of internal 
control relevant to the engagement in order to design 
assurance procedures that are appropriate in the 
circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing 
an opinion on the effectiveness of the parent 
company’s or the Group’s internal control.
• Design and perform assurance procedures responsive 
to those risks to obtain evidence that is sufficient and 
appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The 
risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting 
from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, 
as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional 
omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of 
internal control.
Description of the Procedures That 
Have Been Performed
The procedures performed in a limited assurance 
engagement vary in nature and timing from, and are 
less in extent than for, a reasonable assurance 
engagement. The nature, timing and extent of 
assurance procedures selected depend on professional 
judgment, including the assessment of risks of material 
misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. 
Consequently, the level of assurance obtained in a 
limited assurance engagement is substantially lower 
than the assurance that would have been obtained had 
a reasonable assurance engagement been performed.
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 290

===== SIDA 291 =====

Our procedures included for example the following:
• Performed inquiries of the company’s management and personnel responsible for 
collecting and reporting the information contained in the Sustainability Statement at 
the group level and for subsidiaries, as well as at the different levels and business 
areas of the organization.
• Obtained an understanding of the company’s sustainability reporting process, internal 
controls, and information systems related to the sustainability reporting process 
through inquiries.
• Reviewed the supporting documentation and records prepared by the company, 
where applicable, and assessed whether they support the information included in the 
Sustainability Statement.
• With respect to the double materiality assessment process, we evaluated the 
implementation of the process conducted by the company in relation to the 
requirements of the ESRS standards and assessed whether the disclosed information 
on the double materiality assessment is in accordance with the ESRS standards.
• Evaluated whether the Sustainability Statement  meets the requirements of the ESRS 
standards, in all material aspects, regarding material sustainability matters to a 
significant extent.
• With respect to the EU taxonomy information, we obtained an understanding of the 
process by which the company has identified taxonomy-eligible and taxonomy-
aligned economic activities and assessed the compliance of the related disclosed 
information with the regulations.
Helsinki, 13 March 2025
Deloitte Oy
Authorised Sustainability Audit Firm
Jukka Vattulainen
Authorised Sustainability Auditor
Board of Directors’ Report Group’s IFRS Financial Statements Sampo plc’s Financial Statements Auditor’s 
Report ≡
Sustainability Statement Group’s notes to the financial statements Sampo plc’s notes to the financial statements
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 2024 291

===== SIDA 292 =====