FULLTEXT DEL 1 AV 3
10-Q – 2026-04-30 – umbf-20260331.htm
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umbf:TrustPreferredSecuritiesMember umbf:BVBCCapitalTrustIIMember 2026-03-31 0000101382 umbf:CreditCardsPortfolioSegmentMember umbf:ConsumerCreditCardMember umbf:RevolverAccountsMember umbf:CreditScore600To619Member 2026-03-31 umbf:Derivative xbrli:pure utr:bbl xbrli:shares umbf:Security utr:Btu umbf:LettersOfCredit iso4217:USD xbrli:shares iso4217:USD umbf:Segment umbf:Loan UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-Q (MARK ONE) ☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2026 OR ☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to ____ Commission file number 001-38481 UMB FINANCIAL CORP ORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Missouri 43-0903811 (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) 1010 Grand Boulevard , Kansas City , Missouri 64106 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) (Registrant's telephone number, including area code): ( 816 ) 860-7000 Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value UMBF The NASDAQ Global Select Market Depositary Shares, each representing 1/400th interest in a share of 7.75% Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock Series B UMBFO The NASDAQ Global Select Market Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non- accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐ If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of April 27, 2026, UMB Financial Corporation ha d 75,978,727 shares of common stock outstanding. UMB FINAN CIAL CORPORATION FORM 10-Q INDEX PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION 3 ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) 3 CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 3 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME 4 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 5 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY 6 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 7 NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 9 ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS 61 ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK 79 ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 84 PART II - OTHER INFORMATION 85 ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 85 ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS 85 ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS 85 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS 86 SIGNATURES 87 2 PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION ITEM 1. FINANCI AL STATEMENTS UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED B ALANCE SHEETS (unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) March 31, December 31, 2026 2025 ASSETS Loans $ 40,134,325 $ 38,779,408 Allowance for credit losses on loans ( 425,876 ) ( 419,478 ) Net loans 39,708,449 38,359,930 Loans held for sale 4,471 2,030 Securities: Available for sale (amortized cost of $ 14,037,520 and $ 13,999,900 , respectively) 13,660,886 13,709,141 Held to maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $ 3,357 and $ 1,684 , respectively (fair value of $ 5,172,564 and $ 5,250,465 , respectively) 5,699,881 5,722,543 Trading securities 24,205 22,331 Other securities 685,590 676,300 Total securities 20,070,562 20,130,315 Federal funds sold and securities purchased under agreements to resell 1,524,669 1,548,093 Interest-bearing due from banks 5,655,290 6,940,535 Cash and due from banks 735,829 952,547 Premises and equipment, net 391,020 398,271 Accrued income 342,685 349,639 Goodwill 1,837,594 1,839,825 Other intangibles, net 463,409 486,869 Other assets 1,940,183 2,086,036 Total assets $ 72,674,161 $ 73,094,090 LIABILITIES Deposits: Noninterest-bearing demand $ 17,041,696 $ 17,143,341 Interest-bearing demand and savings 39,728,542 39,752,587 Time deposits under $250,000 1,823,536 1,934,617 Time deposits of $250,000 or more 1,386,982 1,826,245 Total deposits 59,980,756 60,656,790 Federal funds purchased and repurchase agreements 3,550,738 3,324,938 Long-term debt 477,164 474,229 Accrued expenses and taxes 309,932 435,351 Other liabilities 528,574 509,214 Total liabilities 64,847,164 65,400,522 SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY Series B Fixed-Rate Reset Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred stock, $ 0.01 par value; 30,000 authorized, issued and outstanding 294,066 294,066 Common stock, $ 1.00 par value; 160,000,000 shares authorized; 78,665,809 shares issued, 75,977,250 and 75,960,675 shares outstanding, respectively 78,666 78,666 Capital surplus 4,006,726 4,011,047 Retained earnings 3,958,611 3,736,413 Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net ( 331,350 ) ( 261,520 ) Treasury stock, 2,688,559 and 2,705,134 shares, at cost, respectively ( 179,722 ) ( 165,104 ) Total shareholders' equity 7,826,997 7,693,568 Total liabilities and shareholders' equity $ 72,674,161 $ 73,094,090 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 3 UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STAT EMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited, dollars in thousands, except share and per share data) Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 INTEREST INCOME Loans $ 633,078 $ 527,404 Securities: Taxable interest 145,299 98,296 Tax-exempt interest 34,454 29,963 Total securities income 179,753 128,259 Federal funds and resell agreements 16,063 6,952 Interest-bearing due from banks 37,902 74,985 Trading securities 271 370 Total interest income 867,067 737,970 INTEREST EXPENSE Deposits 292,373 303,406 Federal funds and repurchase agreements 29,698 25,790 Other 10,630 11,135 Total interest expense 332,701 340,331 Net interest income 534,366 397,639 Provision for credit losses 27,000 86,000 Net interest income after provision for credit losses 507,366 311,639 NONINTEREST INCOME Trust and securities processing 94,667 79,781 Trading and investment banking 7,740 5,911 Service charges on deposit accounts 29,474 27,457 Insurance fees and commissions 255 178 Brokerage fees 21,089 18,102 Bankcard fees 28,878 26,293 Investment securities gains (losses), net 3,046 ( 4,782 ) Other 19,644 13,258 Total noninterest income 204,793 166,198 NONINTEREST EXPENSE Salaries and employee benefits 219,681 221,398 Occupancy, net 19,075 16,069 Equipment 13,320 16,948 Supplies and services 5,604 4,785 Marketing and business development 13,792 7,998 Processing fees 42,059 40,850 Legal and consulting 9,087 28,606 Bankcard 11,841 12,795 Amortization of other intangible assets 23,460 17,482 Regulatory fees 8,270 8,237 Other 14,694 9,619 Total noninterest expense 380,883 384,787 Income before income taxes 331,276 93,050 Income tax expense 69,838 11,717 NET INCOME $ 261,438 $ 81,333 Less: Preferred dividends 5,813 2,013 NET INCOME AVAILABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ 255,625 $ 79,320 PER SHARE DATA Net income per common share – basic $ 3.36 $ 1.22 Net income per common share – diluted 3.35 1.21 Dividends per common share 0.43 0.40 Weighted average common shares outstanding – basic 76,032,620 65,063,262 Weighted average common shares outstanding – diluted 76,399,233 65,496,058 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 4 UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (unaudited, dollars in thousands) Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Net income $ 261,438 $ 81,333 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax: Unrealized gains and losses on debt securities: Change in unrealized holding gains and losses, net ( 85,472 ) 76,235 Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income ( 403 ) ( 390 ) Amortization of net unrealized loss on securities transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity 7,088 8,290 Change in unrealized gains and losses on debt securities ( 78,787 ) 84,135 Unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges: Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges, net ( 16,053 ) 22,646 Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income ( 797 ) ( 24 ) Change in unrealized gains and losses on derivative hedges ( 16,850 ) 22,622 Other comprehensive (loss) income, before tax ( 95,637 ) 106,757 Income tax benefit (expense) 25,807 ( 26,405 ) Other comprehensive (loss) income ( 69,830 ) 80,352 Comprehensive income $ 191,608 $ 161,685 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 5 UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHA NGES IN SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY (unaudited, dollars in thousands, except per share data) Preferred Stock Common Stock Capital Surplus Retained Earnings Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income Treasury Stock Total Balance – January 1, 2025 $ — $ 55,057 $ 1,145,638 $ 3,174,948 $ ( 573,050 ) $ ( 336,052 ) $ 3,466,541 Total comprehensive income — — — 81,333 80,352 — 161,685 Cash dividends declared: Preferred dividends ($ 175.00 per share) — — — ( 2,013 ) — — ( 2,013 ) Common dividends ($ 0.40 per share) — — — ( 29,402 ) — — ( 29,402 ) Purchase of treasury stock — — — — — ( 15,434 ) ( 15,434 ) Issuances of equity awards, net of forfeitures — — ( 15,595 ) — — 16,395 800 Recognition of equity-based compensation — — 32,419 — — — 32,419 Sale of treasury stock — — 116 — — 60 176 Exercise of stock options — — 126 — — 179 305 Common stock issuance — — 67,056 — — 168,085 235,141 Stock issuance for acquisition, net of issuance costs 110,705 23,609 2,763,902 — — — 2,898,216 Balance – March 31, 2025 $ 110,705 $ 78,666 $ 3,993,662 $ 3,224,866 $ ( 492,698 ) $ ( 166,767 ) $ 6,748,434 Balance – January 1, 2026 $ 294,066 $ 78,666 $ 4,011,047 $ 3,736,413 $ ( 261,520 ) $ ( 165,104 ) $ 7,693,568 Total comprehensive income — — — 261,438 ( 69,830 ) — 191,608 Cash dividends declared: Preferred dividends ($ 193.75 per share) — — — ( 5,813 ) — — ( 5,813 ) Common dividends ($ 0.43 per share) — — — ( 33,427 ) — — ( 33,427 ) Purchase of treasury stock — — — — — ( 32,814 ) ( 32,814 ) Issuances of equity awards, net of forfeitures — — ( 16,311 ) — — 17,810 1,499 Recognition of equity-based compensation — — 11,924 — — — 11,924 Sale of treasury stock — — 83 — — 86 169 Exercise of stock options — — ( 17 ) — — 300 283 Balance – March 31, 2026 $ 294,066 $ 78,666 $ 4,006,726 $ 3,958,611 $ ( 331,350 ) $ ( 179,722 ) $ 7,826,997 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 6 UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION CONSOLIDATED STATEM ENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited, dollars in thousands) For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net income $ 261,438 $ 81,333 Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: Provision for credit losses 27,000 86,000 Net accretion of premiums and discounts from acquisition ( 45,184 ) ( 26,435 ) Depreciation and amortization 35,094 29,366 Amortization of debt issuance costs 106 219 Deferred income tax expense 21,123 16,710 Net increase in trading securities and other earning assets ( 1,874 ) ( 6,928 ) (Gains) losses on investment securities, net ( 3,046 ) 4,782 Losses on sales of assets 919 18 Amortization of securities premiums, net of discount accretion ( 2,935 ) 5,126 Originations of loans held for sale ( 28,967 ) ( 18,279 ) Gains on sales of loans held for sale, net ( 706 ) ( 453 ) Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale 27,232 16,389 Equity-based compensation 13,423 12,830 Changes in: Accrued income 6,954 12,271 Accrued expenses and taxes ( 123,188 ) ( 59,461 ) Other assets and liabilities, net 173,884 209,533 Net cash provided by operating activities 361,273 363,021 INVESTING ACTIVITIES Securities held to maturity: Maturities, calls and principal repayments 101,529 115,631 Purchases ( 74,398 ) ( 9,049 ) Securities available for sale: Sales 51,771 611,423 Maturities, calls and principal repayments 532,468 386,343 Purchases ( 606,550 ) ( 914,361 ) Equity securities with readily determinable fair values: Sales 20,431 — Purchases ( 105 ) ( 291 ) Equity securities without readily determinable fair values: Sales 7,708 40 Maturities, calls and principal repayments 9,901 8,210 Purchases ( 33,956 ) ( 62,810 ) Payment of tax equity investment commitments ( 22,684 ) ( 21,871 ) Net increase in loans ( 1,346,054 ) ( 481,826 ) Net decrease (increase) in fed funds sold and resell agreements 23,424 ( 91,069 ) Net cash activity from acquisitions and divestitures — 174,985 Net (increase) decrease in interest-bearing balances due from other financial institutions ( 8,667 ) 956,440 Net purchases of premises and equipment ( 4,517 ) ( 8,823 ) Proceeds from bank-owned and company-owned life insurance death benefit — 232 Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities ( 1,349,699 ) 663,204 7 FINANCING ACTIVITIES Net (decrease) increase in demand and savings deposits ( 125,690 ) 1,533,318 Net decrease in time deposits ( 550,344 ) ( 504,295 ) Net increase (decrease) in fed funds purchased and repurchase agreements 225,800 ( 72,365 ) Repayment of long-term debt — ( 11,055 ) Cash dividends paid ( 39,611 ) ( 30,117 ) Payment of common stock issuance costs — ( 524 ) Proceeds from exercise of stock options and sales of treasury shares 452 481 Purchases of treasury stock ( 32,814 ) ( 15,434 ) Common stock issuance — 235,141 Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities ( 522,207 ) 1,135,150 (Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents ( 1,510,633 ) 2,161,375 Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 7,771,973 8,448,691 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,261,340 $ 10,610,066 Supplemental disclosures: Income tax (refunds) payments $ ( 1,370 ) $ 1,732 Total interest payments 345,994 326,798 Noncash disclosures: Acquisition of tax equity investments $ — $ 14,036 Commitment to fund tax equity investments — 14,036 Transfer of loans to other real estate owned 354 486 Transfer of loans to other repossessed assets — 10 Issuance of common stock as consideration for acquisition — 2,783,510 Issuance of preferred stock as consideration for acquisition — 115,230 Stock based compensation as consideration for acquisition — 20,389 See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 8 UMB FINANCIAL CORPORATION NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2026 (UNAUDITED) 1. Financial Statement Presentation The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of UMB Financial Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Company) after the elimination of all intercompany transactions. In the opinion of management of the Company, all adjustments relating to items that are of a normal recurring nature and necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations have been made. The results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented may not be indicative of the results of the full year ending December 31, 2026. The financial statements should be read in conjunction with “Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (the Form 10-Q) and in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on February 26, 2026 (the Form 10-K). The Company is a financial holding company, which offers a wide range of banking and other financial services to its customers through its branches and offices. The Company’s national bank, UMB Bank, National Association (the Bank), has its principal office in Missouri as well as branches and offices primarily located in the Midwestern, Southwestern, and Western regions of the United States. 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also impact reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. A summary of the significant accounting policies to assist the reader in understanding the financial presentation is provided in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Form 10-K. Business Combinations The Company accounts for business combinations using the purchase method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations , which requires assets acquired and liabilities assumed to be recognized at fair value as of the acquisition date. On January 31, 2025 (Acquisition Date), the Company acquired Heartland Financial USA, Inc. (HTLF) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 28, 2024 . See Note 13, “Acquisition” for additional information. Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents includes Cash and due from banks and amounts due from the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB). Cash on hand, cash items in the process of collection, and amounts due from correspondent banks are included in Cash and due from banks. Amounts due from the FRB are interest-bearing for all periods presented and are included in the Interest-bearing due from banks line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This table provides a summary of cash and cash equivalents as presented on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 (in thousands) : March 31, 2026 2025 Due from the FRB $ 5,525,511 $ 9,692,616 Cash and due from banks 735,829 917,450 Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 6,261,340 $ 10,610,066 9 Also included in the Interest-bearing due from banks, but not considered cash and cash equivalents, are interest-bearing accounts held at other financial institutions, which totaled $ 129.8 m illion and $ 119.3 million at March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025 , respectively. Acquired Loans Acquired loans are initially recorded at fair value. The Company’s accounting methods for acquired loans depends on whether or not the loan reflects more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination at the date of acquisition. Non-Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans Non-purchased credit deteriorated (Non-PCD) loans do not reflect more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination at the date of acquisition. These loans are recorded at fair value and an increase to the allowance for credit losses (ACL) is recorded with a corresponding increase to the provision for credit losses at the date of acquisition. The difference between fair value and the unpaid principal balance at the acquisition date is amortized or accreted to interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method. Purchased Credit Deteriorated Loans Purchased loans that reflect a more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination at the date of acquisition are classified as purchased credit deteriorated (PCD) loans. PCD loans are recorded at fair value plus the ACL expected at the time of acquisition. Under this method, there is no provision for credit losses on acquisition of PCD loans. The non-credit-related difference between fair value and the unpaid principal balance at the acquisition date is amortized or accreted to interest income over the contractual life of the loan using the effective interest method. Per Share Data Basic net income per common share is computed using net income available to common shareholders and the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per common share is determined using net income available to common shareholders and the weighted average common shares and assumed incremental common shares issued. The following table provides the amounts used in the determination of basic and diluted net income per common share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 (in thousands, except share and per share data) : Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 2025 Net income $ 261,438 $ 81,333 Less: Preferred dividends 5,813 2,013 Net income available to common shareholders $ 255,625 $ 79,320 Weighted average common shares outstanding for basic earnings per share 76,032,620 65,063,262 Assumed incremental common shares issued upon vesting of outstanding restricted stock units 366,613 432,796 Weighted average common shares for diluted earnings per share 76,399,233 65,496,058 Net income per common share – basic $ 3.36 $ 1.22 Net income per common share – diluted 3.35 1.21 Number of antidilutive restricted stock units excluded from diluted earnings per share computation 202,485 — Number of antidilutive stock options excluded from diluted earnings per share computation — 4,962 10 Derivatives The Company records all derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the Company has elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Currently, 15 of the Company’s derivatives are designated in qualifying hedging relationships. However, the remainder of the Company’s derivatives are not designated in qualifying hedging relationships, as the derivatives are not used to manage risks within the Company’s assets or liabilities. All changes in fair value of the Company’s non-designated derivatives and fair value hedges are recognized directly in earnings. Changes in fair value of the Company’s cash flow hedges are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (AOCI) and are reclassified to earnings when the hedged transaction affects earnings. 3. New Accounting Pronouncements Income Statement Reporting In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, “Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40).” The amendments in this update require additional disclosures providing disaggregated information about prescribed categories underlying relevant income statement expense captions. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years beginning January 1, 2027, and interim periods beginning January 1, 2028. Early adoption is permitted and should be applied on a prospective basis. The adoption of this accounting pronouncement will have no impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements aside from additional disclosures. 4. Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses Loan Origination/Risk Management The Company has certain lending policies and procedures in place that are designed to minimize the level of risk within the loan portfolio. Diversification of the loan portfolio manages the risk associated with fluctuations in economic conditions. Authority levels are established for the extension of credit to ensure consistency throughout the Company. It is necessary that policies, processes, and practices implemented to control the risks of individual credit transactions and portfolio segments are sound and adhered to. The Company maintains an independent loan review department that reviews and validates the risk assessment on a continual basis. Management regularly evaluates the results of the loan reviews. The loan review process complements and reinforces the risk identification and assessment decisions made by lenders and credit personnel, as well as the Company’s policies and procedures. Commercial and industrial loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate profitably and prudently expand its business. Commercial loans are made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of the borrower, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts from its customers. Beginning with the third quarter 2025, commercial and industrial loans include all loans to Non-Depository Financial Institutions (NDFIs), which includes a wide range of financial entities that provide services similar to those of traditional banks but do not accept deposits from the general public and are not regulated by the same federal banking agencies. Previously reported balances have been reclassified for purposes of comparability. Specialty lending loans include Asset-based loans, which are offered primarily in the form of revolving lines of credit to commercial borrowers that do not generally qualify for traditional bank financing. Asset-based loans are underwritten based primarily upon the value of the collateral pledged to secure the loan, rather than on the borrower’s general financial condition. The Company utilizes pre-loan due diligence techniques, monitoring disciplines, and loan management practices common within the asset-based lending industry to underwrite loans to these borrowers. Commercial real estate loans are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial loans, in addition to those of real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as 11 loans secured by real estate. Commercial real estate lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts, and the repayment of these loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. The Company requires that an appraisal of the collateral be made at origination and on an as-needed basis, in conformity with current market conditions and regulatory requirements. The underwriting standards address both owner and non-owner-occupied real estate. Also included in Commercial real estate are Construction loans that are underwritten using feasibility studies, independent appraisal reviews, sensitivity analysis or absorption and lease rates, and financial analysis of the developers and property owners. Construction loans are based upon estimates of costs and value associated with the complete project. Construction loans often involve the disbursement of substantial funds with repayment substantially dependent on the success of the ultimate project. Sources of repayment for these types of loans may be pre-committed permanent loans, sales of developed property or an interim loan commitment from the Company until permanent financing is obtained. These loans are closely monitored by on-site inspections and are considered to have higher risks than other real estate loans due to their repayment being sensitive to interest rate changes, governmental regulation of real property, economic conditions, completion of the construction project, and the availability of long-term financing. Consumer real estate loans, including residential real estate and home equity loans, are underwritten based on the borrower’s loan-to-value percentage, collection remedies, and overall credit history. Consumer loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s repayment ability. The Company monitors delinquencies on all of its consumer loans and leases. The underwriting and review practices combined with the relatively small loan amounts that are spread across many individual borrowers, minimizes risk. Consumer loans and leases that are 90 days past due or more are considered non-performing. Credit cards include both commercial and consumer credit cards. Commercial credit cards are generally unsecured and are underwritten with criteria similar to commercial loans, including an analysis of the borrower’s cash flow, available business capital, and overall creditworthiness of the borrower. Consumer credit cards are underwritten based on the borrower’s repayment ability. The Company monitors delinquencies on all of its consumer credit cards and periodically reviews the distribution of credit scores relative to historical periods to monitor credit risk on its consumer credit card loans. Credit risk is a potential loss resulting from nonpayment of either the primary or secondary exposure. Credit risk is mitigated with formal risk management practices and a thorough initial credit-granting process including consistent underwriting standards and approval process. Control factors or techniques to minimize credit risk include knowing the client, understanding total exposure, analyzing the client and debtor’s financial capacity, and monitoring the client’s activities. Credit risk and portions of the portfolio risk are managed through concentration considerations, average risk ratings, and other aggregate characteristics. 12 Loan Aging Analysis The following tables provide a summary of loan classes and an aging of past due loans at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): March 31, 2026 30-89 Days Past Due and Accruing Greater than 90 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 8,811 $ 1 $ 55,975 $ 64,787 $ 17,003,977 $ 17,068,764 Specialty lending — — — — 646,027 646,027 Commercial real estate 8,647 959 63,436 73,042 16,554,028 16,627,070 Consumer real estate 11,631 — 31,103 42,734 4,386,994 4,429,728 Consumer 568 5,182 147 5,897 230,085 235,982 Credit cards 10,603 8,782 589 19,974 697,857 717,831 Leases and other — — — — 408,923 408,923 Total loans $ 40,260 $ 14,924 $ 151,250 $ 206,434 $ 39,927,891 $ 40,134,325 December 31, 2025 30-89 Days Past Due and Accruing Greater than 90 Days Past Due and Accruing Nonaccrual Loans Total Past Due Current Total Loans Loans Commercial and industrial $ 36,391 $ 6,417 $ 26,633 $ 69,441 $ 16,201,079 $ 16,270,520 Specialty lending — — — — 518,237 518,237 Commercial real estate 24,786 — 86,838 111,624 16,264,615 16,376,239 Consumer real estate 10,451 244 29,910 40,605 4,395,863 4,436,468 Consumer 689 5,237 777 6,703 232,108 238,811 Credit cards 9,194 6,505 508 16,207 684,526 700,733 Leases and other — — — — 238,400 238,400 Total loans $ 81,511 $ 18,403 $ 144,666 $ 244,580 $ 38,534,828 $ 38,779,408 The Company sold consumer real estate loans with proceed s of $ 27.2 million and $ 16.4 million in the secondary market without recourse during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The Company has ceased the recognition of interest on l oans with a carrying value of $ 151.3 million an d $ 144.7 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectiv ely. Restructured loans totaled $ 163 thousand a nd $ 169 thousand at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. Loans 90 days past due and still accruing interest amounted to $ 14.9 million and $ 18.4 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. All interest accrued but not received for loans placed on nonaccrual is reversed against interest income. There was an insignificant amount of interest reversed related to loans on nonaccrual during 2026 and 2025 . Nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses totaled $ 76.9 million and $ 76.8 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. 13 The following tables provide the amortized cost of nonaccrual loans with no related allowance for credit losses by loan class at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): March 31, 2026 Nonaccrual Loans Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans with no related Allowance Loans Commercial and industrial $ 55,975 $ 12,640 Specialty lending — — Commercial real estate 63,436 33,407 Consumer real estate 31,103 30,094 Consumer 147 147 Credit cards 589 589 Leases and other — — Total loans $ 151,250 $ 76,877 December 31, 2025 Nonaccrual Loans Amortized Cost of Nonaccrual Loans with no related Allowance Loans Commercial and industrial $ 26,633 $ 10,870 Specialty lending — — Commercial real estate 86,838 35,973 Consumer real estate 29,910 28,661 Consumer 777 777 Credit cards 508 508 Leases and other — — Total loans $ 144,666 $ 76,789 Amortized Cost The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance of each of the Company’s loan classes disaggregated by collateral type and origination year as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, as well as the gross charge-offs by loan class and origination year for the three months ended March 31, 2026 (in thousands): 14 March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Loan Segment and Type 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 944,324 $ 2,793,596 $ 1,811,310 $ 907,969 $ 874,584 $ 762,205 $ 5,791,960 $ 44,961 $ 13,930,909 Agriculture 6,744 26,657 20,970 23,301 6,582 5,492 400,425 479 490,650 NDFIs 39,118 190,987 282,494 360,651 60,399 27,655 1,674,758 — 2,636,062 Overdrafts — — — — — — 11,143 — 11,143 Total Commercial and industrial 990,186 3,011,240 2,114,774 1,291,921 941,565 795,352 7,878,286 45,440 17,068,764 Current period charge-offs — — — 82 117 73 3,077 — 3,349 Specialty lending: Asset-based lending 51,006 45,458 5,528 — 5,407 46,864 491,764 — 646,027 Total Specialty lending 51,006 45,458 5,528 — 5,407 46,864 491,764 — 646,027 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied 272,512 1,130,699 594,932 553,366 938,003 1,396,518 46,285 — 4,932,315 Non-owner-occupied 486,814 1,629,000 693,463 682,722 994,330 1,310,146 41,608 — 5,838,083 Farmland 27,169 274,103 72,016 81,613 120,284 230,060 45,813 — 851,058 5+ Multi-family 175,875 205,422 194,712 169,618 509,376 523,346 10,198 — 1,788,547 1-4 Family construction 27,446 53,800 2,036 239 518 — 3,574 — 87,613 General construction 290,623 909,104 777,647 623,551 383,963 41,025 103,504 37 3,129,454 Total Commercial real estate 1,280,439 4,202,128 2,334,806 2,111,109 2,946,474 3,501,095 250,982 37 16,627,070 Current period charge-offs — — 403 6,145 3,221 995 — — 10,764 Consumer real estate: HELOC 608 743 393 1,718 2,555 8,562 700,318 4,329 719,226 First lien: 1-4 family 164,414 602,689 341,374 347,866 608,389 1,513,971 6,914 90 3,585,707 Junior lien: 1-4 family 3,985 18,623 28,274 18,352 27,443 22,443 5,675 — 124,795 Total Consumer real estate 169,007 622,055 370,041 367,936 638,387 1,544,976 712,907 4,419 4,429,728 Current period charge-offs — — — 367 64 82 — — 513 Consumer: Revolving line — 1,485 34 22 48 595 147,111 2,749 152,044 Auto 2,427 7,166 6,322 8,319 4,283 876 — — 29,393 Other 3,150 10,712 9,891 3,037 5,632 1,796 20,327 — 54,545 Total Consumer 5,577 19,363 16,247 11,378 9,963 3,267 167,438 2,749 235,982 Current period charge-offs — 11 31 45 9 8 981 — 1,085 Credit cards: Consumer — — — — — — 341,393 — 341,393 Commercial — — — — — — 376,438 — 376,438 Total Credit cards — — — — — — 717,831 — 717,831 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — 5,876 — 5,876 Leases and other: Leases — — — — — 1,186 — — 1,186 Other 22,966 166,465 17,497 7,386 7,721 11,716 173,986 — 407,737 Total Leases and other 22,966 166,465 17,497 7,386 7,721 12,902 173,986 — 408,923 Current period charge-offs — — — — — — — — — Total loans $ 2,519,181 $ 8,066,709 $ 4,858,893 $ 3,789,730 $ 4,549,517 $ 5,904,456 $ 10,393,194 $ 52,645 $ 40,134,325 15 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Loan Segment and Type 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Commercial and industrial: Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 2,989,029 $ 1,901,767 $ 1,039,595 $ 929,230 $ 471,193 $ 321,761 $ 5,636,442 $ 12,186 $ 13,301,203 Agriculture 30,385 22,585 24,980 7,827 3,859 3,180 426,729 2,258 521,803 NDFIs 130,392 286,076 368,137 86,436 12,136 29,406 1,517,283 271 2,430,137 Overdrafts — — — — — — 17,377 — 17,377 Total Commercial and industrial 3,149,806 2,210,428 1,432,712 1,023,493 487,188 354,347 7,597,831 14,715 16,270,520 Specialty lending: Asset-based lending 46,480 5,639 — 5,801 25,763 22,632 411,922 — 518,237 Total Specialty lending 46,480 5,639 — 5,801 25,763 22,632 411,922 — 518,237 Commercial real estate: Owner-occupied 1,151,075 529,761 599,178 955,385 775,378 724,775 39,505 — 4,775,057 Non-owner-occupied 1,664,285 656,031 847,458 1,018,831 769,616 736,502 41,093 1,054 5,734,870 Farmland 258,796 74,542 85,814 131,009 83,613 163,318 66,403 75 863,570 5+ Multi-family 329,902 179,107 171,945 554,125 434,660 96,475 10,441 — 1,776,655 1-4 Family construction 75,849 11,564 240 520 — — 1,301 — 89,474 General construction 1,099,253 868,115 719,128 373,196 28,313 16,273 32,335 — 3,136,613 Total Commercial real estate 4,579,160 2,319,120 2,423,763 3,033,066 2,091,580 1,737,343 191,078 1,129 16,376,239 Consumer real estate: HELOC 2,748 399 756 2,075 577 7,784 698,503 5,331 718,173 First lien: 1-4 family 653,333 368,156 364,405 631,555 735,751 830,570 6,864 13 3,590,647 Junior lien: 1-4 family 20,458 31,221 19,212 28,538 17,405 6,048 4,766 — 127,648 Total Consumer real estate 676,539 399,776 384,373 662,168 753,733 844,402 710,133 5,344 4,436,468 Consumer: Revolving line 1,485 34 23 49 24 526 160,454 102 162,697 Auto 8,179 7,292 9,743 5,307 1,118 248 — — 31,887 Other 12,907 11,197 3,514 5,917 853 1,272 8,567 — 44,227 Total Consumer 22,571 18,523 13,280 11,273 1,995 2,046 169,021 102 238,811 Credit cards: Consumer — — — — — — 347,749 — 347,749 Commercial — — — — — — 352,984 — 352,984 Total Credit cards — — — — — — 700,733 — 700,733 Leases and other: Leases — — — — — 1,214 — — 1,214 Other 181,160 16,408 8,588 8,713 7,344 1,671 13,302 — 237,186 Total Leases and other 181,160 16,408 8,588 8,713 7,344 2,885 13,302 — 238,400 Total loans $ 8,655,716 $ 4,969,894 $ 4,262,716 $ 4,744,514 $ 3,367,603 $ 2,963,655 $ 9,794,020 $ 21,290 $ 38,779,408 Accrued interest on loans totaled $ 180.1 million and $ 176.1 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and is included in the Accrued income line on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. The total amount of accrued interest is excluded from the amortized cost basis of loans presented above. Further, the Company has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivable. 16 Credit Quality Indicators As part of the on-going monitoring of the credit quality of the Company’s loan portfolio, management tracks certain credit quality indicators including trends related to the risk grading of specified classes of loans, net charge-offs, non-performing loans, and general economic conditions. The Company utilizes a risk grading matrix to assign a rating to each of its commercial, commercial real estate, and construction real estate loans. Changes in credit risk are monitored on a continuous basis and changes in risk ratings are made when identified. The loan ratings are summarized into the following categories: Pass, Special Mention, Substandard, and Doubtful. Any loan not classified in one of the categories described below is considered to be a Pass loan. A description of the general characteristics of the loan rating categories is as follows: • Special Mention – This rating reflects a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the borrower’s credit position at some future date. The rating is not adversely classified and does not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. • Substandard – This rating represents an asset inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Assets so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Loans in this category are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Loss potential, while existing in the aggregate amount of substandard assets, does not have to exist in individual assets classified as substandard. • Doubtful – This rating represents an asset that has all the weaknesses inherent in an asset classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, based on currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. The possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors, which may work to the advantage of strengthening the asset, its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, liquidation procedures, capital injection, or perfecting liens. Commercial and industrial A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Commercial and industrial loans is included below: Equipment, accounts receivable, and inventory General commercial and industrial loans are secured by working capital assets and non-real estate assets. The general purpose of these loans is for financing capital expenditures and current operations for commercial and industrial entities. These assets are short-term in nature. In the case of accounts receivable and inventories, the repayment of debt is reliant upon converting assets into cash or through goods and services being sold and collected. Collateral-based risk is due to aged short-term assets, which can be indicative of underlying issues with the borrower and lead to the value of the collateral being overstated. Agriculture Agricultural loans are secured by non-real estate agricultural assets. These include shorter-term assets such as equipment, crops, and livestock. The risks associated with loans to finance crops or livestock include the borrower’s ability to successfully raise and market the commodity. Adverse weather conditions and other natural perils can dramatically affect farmers’ or ranchers’ production and ability to service debt. Volatile commodity prices present another significant risk for agriculture borrowers. Market price volatility and production cost volatility can affect both revenues and expenses. Non-Depository Financial Institutions NDFI loans are secured by working capital assets and non-real estate assets. The general purpose of these loans is for financing capital expenditures and current operations. The repayment of debt is reliant upon converting assets into cash or through services being sold and collected. Collateral-based risk is due to aged short-term assets, which can be indicative of underlying issues with the borrower and lead to the value of the collateral being overstated. Other risks consist of collateral that is secured by the stock 17 of a NDFI, which can be unlisted stock with a limited market for the stock, or volatility of asset values driven by market performance. Overdrafts Commercial overdrafts are typically short-term and unsecured. Some commercial borrowers tie their overdraft obligation to their line of credit, so any draw on the line of credit will satisfy the overdraft. Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position. The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory Pass $ 896,316 $ 2,765,221 $ 1,765,479 $ 863,551 $ 817,668 $ 746,156 $ 5,567,354 $ 36,429 $ 13,458,174 Special Mention — 3,542 34,684 9,158 1,950 5,344 87,796 495 142,969 Substandard 48,008 20,662 7,077 35,179 54,962 10,705 136,347 8,037 320,977 Doubtful — 4,171 4,070 81 4 — 463 — 8,789 Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 944,324 $ 2,793,596 $ 1,811,310 $ 907,969 $ 874,584 $ 762,205 $ 5,791,960 $ 44,961 $ 13,930,909 Agriculture Pass $ 5,737 $ 25,070 $ 20,673 $ 23,022 $ 6,439 $ 4,912 $ 384,267 $ 60 $ 470,180 Special Mention 383 1,413 — 160 44 52 4,287 — 6,339 Substandard 124 174 297 119 99 528 11,871 419 13,631 Doubtful 500 — — — — — — — 500 Total Agriculture $ 6,744 $ 26,657 $ 20,970 $ 23,301 $ 6,582 $ 5,492 $ 400,425 $ 479 $ 490,650 NDFIs Pass $ 39,118 $ 190,605 $ 274,405 $ 357,842 $ 57,247 $ 27,160 $ 1,642,072 $ — $ 2,588,449 Special Mention — — — — — — 32,686 — 32,686 Substandard — 382 8,089 2,809 3,152 495 — — 14,927 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total NDFIs $ 39,118 $ 190,987 $ 282,494 $ 360,651 $ 60,399 $ 27,655 $ 1,674,758 $ — $ 2,636,062 18 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory Pass $ 2,958,147 $ 1,842,768 $ 982,320 $ 874,006 $ 462,210 $ 302,753 $ 5,404,325 $ 4,492 $ 12,831,021 Special Mention 4,962 37,671 7,883 6,085 893 9,535 63,256 6,635 136,920 Substandard 21,647 17,207 49,292 49,139 8,090 9,473 168,348 1,059 324,255 Doubtful 4,273 4,121 100 — — — 513 — 9,007 Total Equipment/Accounts Receivable/Inventory $ 2,989,029 $ 1,901,767 $ 1,039,595 $ 929,230 $ 471,193 $ 321,761 $ 5,636,442 $ 12,186 $ 13,301,203 Agriculture Pass $ 26,921 $ 22,252 $ 24,757 $ 7,254 $ 3,824 $ 2,622 $ 406,985 $ 815 $ 495,430 Special Mention 2,464 — — 71 35 — 5,374 — 7,944 Substandard 1,000 333 223 502 — 558 14,370 — 16,986 Doubtful — — — — — — — 1,443 1,443 Total Agriculture $ 30,385 $ 22,585 $ 24,980 $ 7,827 $ 3,859 $ 3,180 $ 426,729 $ 2,258 $ 521,803 NDFIs Pass $ 129,859 $ 277,053 $ 364,738 $ 82,934 $ 11,470 $ 29,289 $ 1,489,473 $ 221 $ 2,385,037 Special Mention — — — — 2 — 27,810 50 27,862 Substandard 533 9,023 3,399 3,502 664 117 — — 17,238 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total NDFIs $ 130,392 $ 286,076 $ 368,137 $ 86,436 $ 12,136 $ 29,406 $ 1,517,283 $ 271 $ 2,430,137 Specialty lending A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Specialty loans is included below: Asset-based lending General asset-based loans are secured by accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and real estate. The purpose of these loans is for financing current operations for commercial customers. The repayment of debt is reliant upon collection of the accounts receivable within 30 to 90 days or converting assets into cash or through goods and services being sold and collected. The Company tracks each individual borrower credit risk based on their loan to collateral position. Any borrower position where the underlying value of collateral is below the fair value of the loan is considered out-of-margin and inherently higher risk. The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance by risk rating for asset-based loans as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): Asset-based lending Risk March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 In-margin $ 646,027 $ 518,237 Out-of-margin — — Total $ 646,027 $ 518,237 19 Commercial real estate A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Commercial real estate loans is included below: Owner-occupied Owner-occupied loans are secured by commercial real estate. These loans are often longer tenured and susceptible to multiple economic cycles. The loans rely on the owner-occupied operations to service debt which cover a broad spectrum of industries. Real estate debt can carry a significant amount of leverage for a borrower to maintain. Non-owner-occupied Non-owner-occupied loans are secured by commercial real estate. These loans are often longer tenured and susceptible to multiple economic cycles. The key element of risk in this type of lending is the cyclical nature of real estate markets. Although national conditions affect the overall real estate industry, the effect of national conditions on local markets is equally important. Factors such as unemployment rates, consumer demand, household formation, and the level of economic activity can vary widely from state to state and among metropolitan areas. In addition to geographic considerations, markets can be defined by property type. While all sectors are influenced by economic conditions, some sectors are more sensitive to certain economic factors than others. Farmland Farmland loans are secured by real estate used for agricultural purposes such as crop and livestock production. Assets used as collateral are long-term assets that carry the ability to have longer amortizations and maturities. Longer terms carry the risk of added susceptibility to market conditions. The limited purpose of some Agriculture-related collateral affects credit risk because such collateral may have limited or no other uses to support values when loan repayment problems emerge. 5+ Multi-family 5+ multi-family loans are secured by a multi-family residential property. The primary risks associated with this type of collateral are largely driven by economic conditions. The national and local market conditions can change with unemployment rates or competing supply of multi-family housing. Tenants may not be able to afford their housing or have better options and this can result in increased vacancy. Rents may need to be lowered to fill apartment units. Increased vacancy and lower rental rates not only drive the borrower’s ability to repay debt but also contribute to how the collateral is valued. 1-4 Family construction 1-4 family construction loans are secured by 1-4 family residential real estate and are in the process of construction or improvements being made. The predominant risk inherent to this portfolio is the risk associated with a borrower’s ability to successfully complete a project on time and within budget. Market conditions also play an important role in understanding the risk profile. Risk from adverse changes in market conditions from the start of development to completion can result in deflated collateral values. General construction General construction loans are secured by commercial real estate in process of construction or improvements being made and their repayment is dependent on the collateral’s completion. Construction lending presents unique risks not encountered in term financing of existing real estate. The predominant risk inherent to this portfolio is the risk associated with a borrower’s ability to successfully complete a project on time and within budget. Commercial properties under construction are susceptible to market and economic conditions. Demand from prospective customers may erode after construction begins because of a general economic slowdown or an increase in the supply of competing properties. Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position. The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): 20 March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Owner-occupied Pass $ 219,452 $ 1,109,580 $ 592,413 $ 508,506 $ 886,752 $ 1,328,977 $ 45,920 $ — $ 4,691,600 Special Mention 47,975 4,092 — 684 28,202 42,032 115 — 123,100 Substandard 5,085 17,027 2,519 44,176 23,049 25,509 250 — 117,615 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Owner-occupied $ 272,512 $ 1,130,699 $ 594,932 $ 553,366 $ 938,003 $ 1,396,518 $ 46,285 $ — $ 4,932,315 Non-owner-occupied Pass $ 476,564 $ 1,593,597 $ 689,553 $ 659,208 $ 957,239 $ 1,273,746 $ 36,646 $ — $ 5,686,553 Special Mention 2,140 23,348 1,924 16,508 7,676 9,284 — — 60,880 Substandard 8,110 12,055 1,986 7,002 29,415 27,116 4,962 — 90,646 Doubtful — — — 4 — — — — 4 Total Non-owner-occupied $ 486,814 $ 1,629,000 $ 693,463 $ 682,722 $ 994,330 $ 1,310,146 $ 41,608 $ — $ 5,838,083 Farmland Pass $ 24,816 $ 241,285 $ 64,835 $ 61,873 $ 105,761 $ 188,096 $ 44,750 $ — $ 731,416 Special Mention 1,634 23,809 888 — 113 1,989 — — 28,433 Substandard 719 9,009 6,293 19,740 14,410 39,975 1,063 — 91,209 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Farmland $ 27,169 $ 274,103 $ 72,016 $ 81,613 $ 120,284 $ 230,060 $ 45,813 $ — $ 851,058 5+ Multi-family Pass $ 175,875 $ 205,422 $ 194,405 $ 113,380 $ 498,243 $ 515,373 $ 10,198 $ — $ 1,712,896 Special Mention — — — 38,068 2,178 7,973 — — 48,219 Substandard — — 307 18,170 8,955 — — — 27,432 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total 5+ Multi-family $ 175,875 $ 205,422 $ 194,712 $ 169,618 $ 509,376 $ 523,346 $ 10,198 $ — $ 1,788,547 1-4 Family construction Pass $ 27,446 $ 52,853 $ 1,578 $ — $ 518 $ — $ 3,574 $ — $ 85,969 Special Mention — 947 458 239 — — — — 1,644 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 Family construction $ 27,446 $ 53,800 $ 2,036 $ 239 $ 518 $ — $ 3,574 $ — $ 87,613 General construction Pass $ 288,830 $ 893,824 $ 774,737 $ 588,032 $ 345,428 $ 28,037 $ 96,254 $ 37 $ 3,015,179 Special Mention — 14,574 2,910 — 18,916 1,882 — — 38,282 Substandard 1,793 605 — 35,519 19,619 11,106 7,250 — 75,892 Doubtful — 101 — — — — — — 101 Total General construction $ 290,623 $ 909,104 $ 777,647 $ 623,551 $ 383,963 $ 41,025 $ 103,504 $ 37 $ 3,129,454 21 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Owner-occupied Pass $ 1,135,389 $ 489,616 $ 529,515 $ 904,187 $ 751,944 $ 681,592 $ 39,385 $ — $ 4,531,628 Special Mention 4,148 37,092 19,605 30,991 11,892 27,290 120 — 131,138 Substandard 11,538 3,053 50,058 20,207 11,542 15,893 — — 112,291 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Owner-occupied $ 1,151,075 $ 529,761 $ 599,178 $ 955,385 $ 775,378 $ 724,775 $ 39,505 $ — $ 4,775,057 Non-owner-occupied Pass $ 1,619,478 $ 652,107 $ 827,493 $ 974,293 $ 749,272 $ 716,905 $ 36,134 $ 1,054 $ 5,576,736 Special Mention 23,339 1,950 — 19,994 745 12,307 — — 58,335 Substandard 21,468 1,974 7,013 17,856 19,599 7,290 4,959 — 80,159 Doubtful — — 12,952 6,688 — — — — 19,640 Total Non-owner-occupied $ 1,664,285 $ 656,031 $ 847,458 $ 1,018,831 $ 769,616 $ 736,502 $ 41,093 $ 1,054 $ 5,734,870 Farmland Pass $ 230,559 $ 67,852 $ 65,697 $ 116,281 $ 80,909 $ 124,702 $ 65,013 $ 75 $ 751,088 Special Mention 18,101 342 — 115 120 1,869 — — 20,547 Substandard 10,136 6,348 20,117 14,613 2,584 36,747 1,390 — 91,935 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total Farmland $ 258,796 $ 74,542 $ 85,814 $ 131,009 $ 83,613 $ 163,318 $ 66,403 $ 75 $ 863,570 5+ Multi-family Pass $ 329,902 $ 179,107 $ 157,535 $ 543,003 $ 426,213 $ 96,282 $ 10,441 $ — $ 1,742,483 Special Mention — — 238 2,891 8,447 193 — — 11,769 Substandard — — 14,172 8,231 — — — — 22,403 Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total 5+ Multi-family $ 329,902 $ 179,107 $ 171,945 $ 554,125 $ 434,660 $ 96,475 $ 10,441 $ — $ 1,776,655 1-4 Family construction Pass $ 74,900 $ 11,104 $ — $ 520 $ — $ — $ 1,301 $ — $ 87,825 Special Mention 949 460 240 — — — — — 1,649 Substandard — — — — — — — — — Doubtful — — — — — — — — — Total 1-4 Family construction $ 75,849 $ 11,564 $ 240 $ 520 $ — $ — $ 1,301 $ — $ 89,474 General construction Pass $ 1,078,840 $ 865,015 $ 684,507 $ 333,717 $ 23,062 $ 14,951 $ 25,085 $ — $ 3,025,177 Special Mention 14,579 3,100 128 18,919 1,903 29 — — 38,658 Substandard 5,732 — 34,493 20,560 3,348 1,293 7,250 — 72,676 Doubtful 102 — — — — — — — 102 Total General construction $ 1,099,253 $ 868,115 $ 719,128 $ 373,196 $ 28,313 $ 16,273 $ 32,335 $ — $ 3,136,613 Consumer real estate A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Consumer real estate loans is included below: HELOC HELOC loans are revolving lines of credit secured by 1-4 family residential property. The primary risk is the borrower’s inability to repay debt. Revolving notes are often associated with HELOCs that can be secured by real estate without a 1st lien priority. Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values or economic downturns. 22 First lien: 1-4 family First lien 1-4 family loans are secured by a first lien on 1-4 family residential property. These term loans carry longer maturities and amortizations. The longer tenure exposes the borrower to multiple economic cycles, coupled with longer amortizations that result in smaller principal reduction early in the life of the loan. Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values. Junior lien: 1-4 family Junior lien 1-4 family loans are secured by a junior lien on 1-4 family residential property. The Company’s primary risk is the borrower’s inability to repay debt and not being in a first lien position. Collateral is susceptible to market volatility impacting home values or economic downturns. A borrower is considered non-performing if the Company has ceased the recognition of interest and the loan is placed on non-accrual. Charge-offs and borrower performance are tracked on a loan origination vintage basis. Certain vintages, based on their maturation cycle, could be at higher risk due to collateral-based risk factors. The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total HELOC Performing $ 608 $ 731 $ 87 $ 1,006 $ 1,693 $ 6,526 $ 700,053 $ 3,300 $ 714,004 Non-performing — 12 306 712 862 2,036 265 1,029 5,222 Total HELOC $ 608 $ 743 $ 393 $ 1,718 $ 2,555 $ 8,562 $ 700,318 $ 4,329 $ 719,226 First lien: 1-4 family Performing $ 164,306 $ 601,150 $ 340,836 $ 342,779 $ 601,532 $ 1,504,128 $ 6,914 $ 90 $ 3,561,735 Non-performing 108 1,539 538 5,087 6,857 9,843 — — 23,972 Total First lien: 1-4 family $ 164,414 $ 602,689 $ 341,374 $ 347,866 $ 608,389 $ 1,513,971 $ 6,914 $ 90 $ 3,585,707 Junior lien: 1-4 family Performing $ 3,985 $ 18,623 $ 27,987 $ 18,291 $ 27,326 $ 22,117 $ 5,675 $ — $ 124,004 Non-performing — — 287 61 117 326 — — 791 Total Junior lien: 1-4 family $ 3,985 $ 18,623 $ 28,274 $ 18,352 $ 27,443 $ 22,443 $ 5,675 $ — $ 124,795 23 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total HELOC Performing $ 2,736 $ 87 $ 407 $ 1,343 $ 324 $ 5,979 $ 697,853 $ 4,358 $ 713,087 Non-performing 12 312 349 732 253 1,805 650 973 5,086 Total HELOC $ 2,748 $ 399 $ 756 $ 2,075 $ 577 $ 7,784 $ 698,503 $ 5,331 $ 718,173 First lien: 1-4 family Performing $ 608,545 $ 367,915 $ 359,419 $ 624,670 $ 732,306 $ 824,314 $ 6,864 $ 13 $ 3,524,046 Non-performing 44,788 241 4,986 6,885 3,445 6,256 — — 66,601 Total First lien: 1-4 family $ 653,333 $ 368,156 $ 364,405 $ 631,555 $ 735,751 $ 830,570 $ 6,864 $ 13 $ 3,590,647 Junior lien: 1-4 family Performing $ 20,419 $ 30,975 $ 19,202 $ 28,417 $ 17,324 $ 5,974 $ 4,766 $ — $ 127,077 Non-performing 39 246 10 121 81 74 — — 571 Total Junior lien: 1-4 family $ 20,458 $ 31,221 $ 19,212 $ 28,538 $ 17,405 $ 6,048 $ 4,766 $ — $ 127,648 Consumer A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Consumer loans is included below: Revolving line Consumer Revolving lines of credit are secured by consumer assets other than real estate. The primary risk associated with this collateral is related to market volatility and the value of the underlying financial assets. Auto Direct consumer auto loans are secured by new and used consumer vehicles. The primary risk with this collateral class is the rate at which the collateral depreciates. Other This category includes Other consumer loans made to an individual. The primary risk for this category is for those loans where the loan is unsecured. This collateral type also includes other unsecured lending such as consumer overdrafts. 24 A borrower is considered non-performing if the Company has ceased the recognition of interest and the loan is placed on non-accrual. Charge-offs and borrower performance are tracked on a loan origination vintage basis. Certain vintages, based on their maturation cycle, could be at higher risk due to collateral-based risk factors. The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): March 31, 2026 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Revolving line Performing $ — $ 1,485 $ 34 $ 22 $ 47 $ 593 $ 147,104 $ 2,732 $ 152,017 Non-performing — — — — 1 2 7 17 27 Total Revolving line $ — $ 1,485 $ 34 $ 22 $ 48 $ 595 $ 147,111 $ 2,749 $ 152,044 Auto Performing $ 2,427 $ 7,166 $ 6,322 $ 8,319 $ 4,245 $ 871 $ — $ — $ 29,350 Non-performing — — — — 38 5 — — 43 Total Auto $ 2,427 $ 7,166 $ 6,322 $ 8,319 $ 4,283 $ 876 $ — $ — $ 29,393 Other Performing $ 3,150 $ 10,709 $ 9,872 $ 3,037 $ 5,613 $ 1,770 $ 20,327 $ — $ 54,478 Non-performing — 3 19 — 19 26 — — 67 Total Other $ 3,150 $ 10,712 $ 9,891 $ 3,037 $ 5,632 $ 1,796 $ 20,327 $ — $ 54,545 December 31, 2025 Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year - Term Loans Risk by Collateral 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Amortized Cost - Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans Total Revolving line Performing $ 1,485 $ 34 $ 23 $ 47 $ 24 $ 525 $ 159,834 $ 99 $ 162,071 Non-performing — — — 2 — 1 620 3 626 Total Revolving line $ 1,485 $ 34 $ 23 $ 49 $ 24 $ 526 $ 160,454 $ 102 $ 162,697 Auto Performing $ 8,179 $ 7,292 $ 9,725 $ 5,290 $ 1,109 $ 248 $ — $ — $ 31,843 Non-performing — — 18 17 9 — — — 44 Total Auto $ 8,179 $ 7,292 $ 9,743 $ 5,307 $ 1,118 $ 248 $ — $ — $ 31,887 Other Performing $ 12,905 $ 11,161 $ 3,514 $ 5,893 $ 849 $ 1,245 $ 8,567 $ — $ 44,134 Non-performing 2 36 — 24 4 27 — — 93 Total Other $ 12,907 $ 11,197 $ 3,514 $ 5,917 $ 853 $ 1,272 $ 8,567 $ — $ 44,227 25 Credit cards A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact Credit card loans is included below: Consumer Consumer credit card loans are revolving loans made to individuals. The primary risk associated with this collateral class is credit card debt which is generally unsecured; therefore, repayment depends primarily on a borrower’s willingness and capacity to repay. The highly competitive environment for credit card lending provides consumers with ample opportunity to hold several credit cards from different issuers and to pay only minimum monthly payments on outstanding balances. In such an environment, borrowers may become over-extended and unable to repay, particularly in times of an economic downturn or a personal catastrophic event. The consumer credit card portfolio is segmented by borrower payment activity. Transactors are defined as accounts that pay off their balance by the end of each statement cycle. Revolvers are defined as an account that carries a balance from one statement cycle to the next. These accounts incur monthly finance charges, and, sometimes, late fees. Revolvers are inherently higher risk and are tracked by credit score. A co-branded credit card portfolio is also segmented between current and significantly delinquent loans, with accounts being considered significantly delinquent after 60 days . Current loans are segmented by borrower payment activity as described above. Significantly delinquent loans are tracked by the number of cycles past due. Commercial Commercial credit card loans are revolving loans made to small and commercial businesses. The primary risk associated with this collateral class is credit card debt which is generally unsecured; therefore, repayment depends primarily on a borrower’s willingness and capacity to repay. Borrowers may become over-extended and unable to repay, particularly in times of an economic downturn or a catastrophic event. The commercial credit card portfolio is segmented by current and past due payment status. A borrower is past due after 30 days. In general, commercial credit card customers do not have incentive to hold a balance resulting in paying interest on credit card debt as commercial customers will typically have other debt obligations with lower interest rates in which they can utilize for capital. The following tables provide a summary of the amortized cost balance of consumer credit cards by risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): Consumer Risk March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Transactor accounts $ 122,494 $ 123,445 Revolver accounts (by credit score): Less than 600 12,922 13,123 600-619 6,657 7,127 620-639 11,911 12,243 640-659 19,360 19,679 660-679 20,322 20,261 680-699 22,516 22,814 700-719 24,366 25,385 720-739 21,141 22,547 740-759 20,345 19,838 760-779 19,859 19,864 780-799 18,143 18,774 800-819 11,588 11,782 820-839 5,551 6,151 840+ 1,244 1,213 Total $ 338,419 $ 344,246 26 The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance of consumer credit cards considered significantly delinquent for a co-branded portfolio by delinquent cycles as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands) : Consumer Risk March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 61-90 Days $ 825 $ 1,084 91-120 Days 813 848 121-150 Days 679 805 151-180 Days 657 766 Total $ 2,974 $ 3,503 The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance of commercial credit cards by risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): Commercial Risk March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Current $ 347,195 $ 330,585 Past Due 29,243 22,399 Total $ 376,438 $ 352,984 Leases and other A discussion of the credit quality indicators that impact each type of collateral securing Leases and other loans is included below: Leases Leases are either loans to individuals for household, family, and other personal expenditures or are loans related to all other direct financing and leveraged leases on property for leasing to lessees other than for household, family and other personal expenditure purposes. All leases are secured by the lease between the lessor and the lessee. These assignments grant the creditor a security interest in the rent stream from any lease, an important source of cash to pay the note in case of the borrower’s default. Other Other loans are loans that are obligations of states and political subdivisions in the U.S., loans for purchasing or carrying securities, or all other non-consumer loans. Risk associated with other loans is tied to the underlying collateral by each type of loan. Collateral is generally equipment, accounts receivable, inventory, 1-4 family residential construction and is susceptible to the same risks mentioned with those collateral types previously. Based on the factors noted above for each type of collateral, the Company assigns risk ratings to borrowers based on their most recently assessed financial position. The following table provides a summary of the amortized cost balance by collateral type and risk rating as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 (in thousands): Leases Other Risk March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025 Pass $ 1,186 $ 1,214 $ 407,737 $ 237,186 Special Mention — — — — Substandard — — — — Doubtful — — — — Total $ 1,186 $ 1,214 $ 407,737 $ 237,186 27 Allowance for Credit Losses The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from loans’ and held-to-maturity (HTM) securities’ amortized cost bases to present the net amount expected to be collected on the instrument. Loans and HTM securities are charged off against the ACL when management believes the balance has become uncollectible. Expected recoveries are included in the allowance and do not exceed the aggregate of amounts previously charged-off and expected to be charged-off. Management estimates the allowance balance using relevant available information, from internal and external sources, related to past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts. Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses and is tracked over an economic cycle to capture a ‘through the cycle’ loss history. Adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in portfolio industry-based segmentation, risk rating and credit score changes, average prepayment rates, changes in environmental conditions, or other relevant factors. For economic forecasts, the Company uses the Moody’s baseline scenario. The Company has developed a dynamic reasonable and supportable forecast period that ranges from one to three years and changes based on economic conditions. The Company’s reasonable and supportable forecast period is one year . After the reasonable and supportable forecast period, the Company reverts to historical losses. The reversion method applied to each portfolio can either be cliff in which the Company reverts immediately to historical losses or straight-line over four quarters. The ACL is measured on a collective (pool) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. The ACL also incorporates qualitative factors which represent adjustments to historical credit loss experience for items such as concentrations of credit and results of internal loan review. The Company has identified the following portfolio segments and measures the allowance for credit losses using the following methods. The Company’s portfolio segmentation consists of Commercial and industrial, Specialty lending, Commercial real estate, Consumer real estate, Consumer, Credit cards, Leases and other, and Held-to-maturity securities. Multiple modeling techniques are used to measure credit losses based on the portfolio. The ACL for Commercial and industrial and Leases and other segments are measured using a probability of default and loss given default method. Primary risk drivers within the segment are risk ratings of the individual loans along with changes of macro-economic variables. The economic variables utilized are typically comprised of leading and lagging indicators. The ACL for Commercial and industrial loans is calculated by modeling probability of default (PD) over future periods multiplied by historical loss given default rates (LGD) multiplied by contractual exposure at default minus any estimated prepayments and charge offs. Collateral positions for Specialty lending loans are continuously monitored by the Company and the borrower is required to continually adjust the amount of collateral securing the loan. Credit losses are measured for any position where the amortized cost basis is greater than the fair value of the collateral. The ACL for specialty lending loans is calculated by using a bottom-up approach comparing collateral values to outstanding balances. The ACL for the Commercial real estate segment is measured using a PD and LGD method. Primary risk characteristics within the segment are risk ratings of the individual loans, along with changes of macro-economic variables, such as interest rates, CRE price index, median household income, construction activity, farm income, and vacancy rates. The ACL for Commercial real estate loans is calculated by modeling PD over future periods based on peer bank data. The PD loss rate is then multiplied by historical LGD multiplied by contractual exposure at default minus any estimated prepayments and charge offs. The ACL for the Consumer real estate and Consumer segments are measured using an origination vintage loss rate method applied to the loans’ amortized cost balance. The primary risk driver within the segments is year of origination along with changes of macro-economic variables such as unemployment and the home price index. The Credit card segment contains both consumer and commercial credit cards. The ACL for Consumer credit cards is measured using a PD and LGD method for Revolvers and average historical loss rates across a defined lookback period for Transactors. The PD and LGD method used for Revolvers is similar in nature to the method used in the Commercial and industrial and Commercial real estate segments. Primary risk drivers within the segment are credit ratings of the individual card holders along with changes of macro-economic variables such as 28